scholarly journals Theoretical Applications of the MODE Model to Law Enforcement Training and Interventions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-611
Author(s):  
Keith L. Zabel ◽  
Kevin L. Zabel ◽  
Michael A. Olson ◽  
Jessica H. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Law Enforcement Training ◽  
Media Messages

As discussed in the focal article, numerous research studies have supported the existence of automatic or implicit racial bias (Ruggs et al., 2016). In this commentary, we argue that examining implicit bias through the perspective of the motivation and opportunity as determinants (MODE) model (see Fazio & Olson, 2014, for a review) offers a framework for industrial–organizational (I-O) psychologists to design and implement strategies that reduce the number of violent interactions between police and communities. The MODE model has been applied to areas such as interpersonal relationships (McNulty, Olson, Meltzer, & Shaffer, 2013), effective treatment of mental disorders (Vasey, Harbaugh, Buffington, Jones, & Fazio, 2012), and crafting of media messages (Ewoldsen, Rhodes, & Fazio, 2015), as well as racial prejudice (Olson & Fazio, 2004). Below, we elaborate on how the I-O-related strategies and interventions described in the focal article can be captured by the components of the MODE model and highlight which interventions may be most efficacious in reducing discriminatory police officer behavior.

scholarly journals Black and White Lies: Race-Based Biases in Deception Judgments

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Paige Lloyd ◽  
Kurt Hugenberg ◽  
Allen R. McConnell ◽  
Jonathan W. Kunstman ◽  
Jason C. Deska
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Racial Bias ◽  
Lie Detection ◽  
Intergroup Communication ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Truth Bias ◽  
Practical Implications

In six studies ( N = 605), participants made deception judgments about videos of Black and White targets who told truths and lies about interpersonal relationships. In Studies 1a, 1b, 1c, and 2, White participants judged that Black targets were telling the truth more often than they judged that White targets were telling the truth. This truth bias was predicted by Whites’ motivation to respond without prejudice. For Black participants, however, motives to respond without prejudice did not moderate responses (Study 2). In Study 3, we found similar effects with a manipulation of the targets’ apparent race. Finally, in Study 4, we used eye-tracking techniques to demonstrate that Whites’ truth bias for Black targets is likely the result of late-stage correction processes: Despite ultimately judging that Black targets were telling the truth more often than White targets, Whites were faster to fixate on the on-screen “lie” response box when targets were Black than when targets were White. These systematic race-based biases have important theoretical implications (e.g., for lie detection and improving intergroup communication and relations) and practical implications (e.g., for reducing racial bias in law enforcement).

The concept of professional dialogue of employees of law enforcement bodies

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Мальцева ◽  
Tatyana Maltseva
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Communication Barriers ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Conditions Of Work

The article reveals the problem of the effectiveness of law enforcement, which is largely determined by productivity solutions communicative tasks. Specificity of work of police officers is associated with the ability to properly organize contact, dialogue and debate, to establish mutual understanding and fruitful relationships, resolve conflicts, to find mutually acceptable options for cooperation. The professional dialogue police officer faced with different people. Very rarely is a situation in which there are no communication barriers. Therefore, law enforcement specifics of building interpersonal relationships determine the special conditions of work, extraordinary circumstances and dissimilar cases and situations, especially this communication (not by choice, and often not by choice) with new and unusual people, things and actions are not always cause empathy and sympathy.

Psychologizing of deviant economic behavior of modern law enforcement system of Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Деулин ◽  
Dmitriy Deulin ◽  
Богаевский ◽  
Vladimir Bogaevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Topical Problem ◽  
Wide Range

The article discusses the topical problem of psychological image of the employee of law-enforcement system of Russia taking into account various mental disorders, caused by contemporary socio-economic structure of our society. In particular, the authors believe that such widespread phenomena as drug addiction, oniomania, kleptomania, gadget addiction are the result of violations of economic orientations of the modern police officer. The article is replete with views of a wide range of specialists from different areas. The emphasis is on the fact that modern society is the cause of violations of economic behavior of a police officer.

scholarly journals Effects of minimal grouping on implicit prejudice, infrahumanization, and neural processing despite orthogonal social categorizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy C. Simon ◽  
Jennifer N. Gutsell
Keyword(s):  
Racial Bias ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Race Effect ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Implicit Prejudice

Racial prejudice is a pervasive and pernicious form of intergroup bias. However, a mounting number of studies show that recategorization—even into minimal groups—can overcome the typical consequences of racial and other group classifications. We tested the effects of minimal grouping on implicit prejudice and infrahumanization using a paradigm in which race was orthogonal to group membership. This allowed us to examine whether knowledge of group membership overrides obvious category differences. We found that participants infrahumanized and showed implicit bias toward the minimal outgroup, despite the cross-cutting presence of race, and in fact did not show any of the usual implicit racial bias. In addition, event-related potentials (ERPs) showed an early race effect followed by distinct reactions on the basis of group as processing continued. This is evidence that arbitrary social classifications can engender ingroup preference even in the presence of orthogonal, visually salient categorizations.

Subjectivity as a factor personal and professional development of a police officer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gorelov ◽  
Stanislav Gorelov ◽  
Nikolay Silkin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Traditional Learning ◽  
Deterministic System ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Internal Affairs

The results of analytical studies of the subject and subjectivity in relation to law enforcement officers based on the academicians Eddy V. Sayko and Anatoly A. Derkach’s fundamental research are presented in the article. Service in the internal Affairs bodies is a deterministic system. It is characterized by huge information flows, extreme neuropsychic and emotional loads, and complex interpersonal relationships. In this regard, increased requirements are imposed on employees of all levels of the law enforcement system. After studying the long-term dynamics of the level of readiness of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia in the framework of self-development, it can be concluded that specialized competencies formed in the classroom according to the traditional system are not transformedinto skills of the highest order. Based on the research, the obvious problem of further improving the methodology of teaching competent actions in the course of performing operational and service tasks in various conditions is revealed. It is reasonable that the traditional learning process involves the development of a specific algorithm of actions in standard situations of operational and service activities, and when introducing various tasks of modeling typical situations, students often cannot complete the task in changing conditions (beyond the standard).

Women and Policing: An Assessment of Factors Related to the Likelihood of Pursuing a Career as a Police Officer

2021 ◽  
pp. 109861112110090
Author(s):  
Vanessa M. Diaz ◽  
Lidia E. Nuño
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Underrepresentation Of Women ◽  
Limited Generalizability

Law enforcement is still considered a male dominated occupation resulting in the underrepresentation of women in sworn personnel positions. While it is critical for police departments to have a more representative police force, there is a lack of research on the factors that affect the likelihood of women entering policing. Past studies suggest that men and women have similar reasons for joining policing. However, research on the factors that deter potential candidates from pursuing this career path is limited. This paper examines factors that may affect the likelihood of women pursuing a career in policing. We rely on data collected from a sample of undergraduate students enrolled in criminal justice courses (n = 421). Our results show that, relative to men, women are less likely to be interested in pursuing a career as a police officer. However, more than half of the women in our sample reported interest in pursuing a career in policing. We find that for men and women, the likelihood for pursuing a career in policing was affected by a number of personal characteristics and the current socio-political climate. While a notable limitation of our study is its limited generalizability, overall, our findings offer some promise for the potential of representative policing.

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