Editor's Introduction: I. Writing Modern Art and Science – An Overview; II. Cubism, Futurism, and Ether Physics in the Early Twentieth Century

Science and art are two of the most significant facets of human endeavour, with astronomy occupying a key role within science. Despite C.P. Snow’s Two Cultures, there are many common aspects and each has an influence on the other. A brief analysis is made of the relationship of art and science: the effect of art on science and science on art. Some outstanding problems are identified.

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Takis Zenetos’s Electronic Urbanism and Tele-Activities: Minimizing Transportation as Social Aspiration

Urban Science ◽

10.3390/urbansci5010031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Marianna Charitonidou

Keyword(s):

Information Society ◽

Information Technologies ◽

Working Hours ◽

Home Office ◽

The Social ◽

Residential Units ◽

Technological Developments ◽

The 1960S ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Takis Zenetos was enthusiastic about the idea of working from home, and believed that both architecture and urban planning should be reshaped in order to respond to this. He supported the design of special public spaces in residential units, aiming to accommodate the inhabitants during working hours. This article argues that Zenetos’s design for “Electronic Urbanism” was more prophetic, and more pragmatic, than his peers such as Archigram and Constant Nieuwenhuys. Despite the fact that they shared an optimism towards technological developments and megastructure, a main difference between Zenetos’s view and the perspectives of his peers is his rejection of a generalised enthusiasm concerning increasing mobility of people. In opposition with Archigram, Zenetos insisted in minimizing citizens’ mobility and supported the replacement of daily transport with the use advanced information technologies, using terms such as “tele-activity”. Zenetos was convinced that “Electronic Urbanism” would help citizens save the time that they normally used to commute to work, and would allow them to spend this time on more creative activities, at or near their homes. The main interest of “Electronic Urbanism” lies in the fact that it not only constitutes an artistic contribution to experimental architecture, but is also characterized by a new social vision, promising to resynchronize practices of daily life. An aspect that is also examined is the relationship of Zenetos’s ideas and those of the so-called Metabolists in the 1960s in Japan, including Kenzo Tange’s conception of megastructures. Zenetos’s thought is very topical considering the ongoing debates about the advanced information society, especially regarding the social concerns of surveillance, governance, and sovereignty within the context of Big Data. His conception of “tele-activities” provides a fertile terrain for reflecting on potential implications and insights concerning home-office conditions not only within the context of the current pandemic situation but beyond it as well.

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Medullary lateral tegmental field: control of respiratory rate and vagal lung inflation afferent influences on sympathetic nerve discharge

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00632.2004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 288 (5) ◽

pp. R1396-R1410 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shaun W. Phillips ◽

Gerard L. Gebber ◽

Susan M. Barman

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Rate ◽

Sympathetic Nerve ◽

Artificial Ventilation ◽

Critical Role ◽

Lung Inflation ◽

Chemical Inactivation ◽

A Value ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Nerve Discharge

We used spectral analysis and event-triggered averaging to determine the effects of chemical inactivation of the medullary lateral tegmental field (LTF) on 1) the relationship of intratracheal pressure (ITP, an index of vagal lung inflation afferent activity) to sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) and phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and 2) central respiratory rate in paralyzed, artificially ventilated dial-urethane-anesthetized cats. ITP-SND coherence value at the frequency of artificial ventilation was significantly ( P < 0.05; n = 18) reduced from 0.73 ± 0.04 (mean ± SE) to 0.24 ± 0.04 after bilateral microinjection of muscimol into the LTF. Central respiratory rate was unexpectedly increased in 12 of these experiments (0.28 ± 0.03 vs. 0.95 ± 0.25 Hz). The ITP-PNA coherence value was variably affected by chemical inactivation of the LTF. It was unchanged when central respiratory rate was also not altered, decreased when respiratory rate was increased above the rate of artificial ventilation, and increased when respiratory rate was raised from a value below the rate of artificial ventilation to the same frequency as the ventilator. Chemical inactivation of the LTF increased central respiratory rate in four of six vagotomized cats but did not significantly affect the PNA-SND coherence value. These data demonstrate that the LTF 1) plays a critical role in mediating the effects of vagal lung inflation afferents on SND but not PNA, 2) helps maintain central respiratory rate in the physiological range, but 3) is not involved in the coupling of central respiratory and sympathetic circuits.

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Interpersonal exchange and freedom for resource acquisition

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x13000010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 480-481

Author(s):

John Adamopoulos

Keyword(s):

Cultural Context ◽

Resource Acquisition ◽

Resource Theory ◽

Social Meaning ◽

Social Resource ◽

Psychological Resources ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship of climate and monetary resources to various freedoms can be enriched if the conceptual links – “psychobehavioral adaptations” – are conceptualized more broadly as reflections of a richer cultural context that involves multiple physical and psychological resources, as proposed by social resource theory and a number of models of the emergence of social meaning.

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National identity in the Ottoman Empire as a historical and social fact

Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership) ◽

10.33920/pol-01-2107-09 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Isra Shengul Chebi ◽

Dilshat Karimova

Keyword(s):

Ottoman Empire ◽

Social Relations ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Collective Identities ◽

Historical Process ◽

Social Fact ◽

Nation States ◽

Turkish State ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Defined both in an individual and in a social or cultural context, identity is a historical phenomenon; a consistent, complete sense of identity develops in the historical process. Social relations created by historical conditions shape Turkish identity, just like other collective identities. Revealed as one of the oldest nations in history, Turkish identity has also been shaped by the amalgamation of the effects created by the rule of law in the collective consciousness. Despite the fact that the length of the historical process makes it difficult to clearly identify the stages of the adventure, when studying Turkish identity it is necessary to look at the Ottoman Empire, which is a prerequisite for the modern Turkish state, and the self-identification of the society that feels belonging to the above state. Indeed, it is not very wrong to associate the phenomenon of identity as a topic of discussion with the relationship of the Ottoman state with the modern nation states of the West. In this context, it would be appropriate to touch upon the perception of identity in the Ottoman Empire.

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Fire, people and ecosystem change in Pleistocene Australia

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt16138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 64 (8) ◽

pp. 643 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Christopher N. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Fire Regimes ◽

Ecosystem Change ◽

Future Research ◽

Cascading Effects ◽

Continental Scale ◽

The Past ◽

The 1960S ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Since the 1960s, Australian scientists have speculated on the impact of human arrival on fire regimes in Australia, and on the relationship of landscape fire to extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna of Australia. These speculations have produced a series of contrasting hypotheses that can now be tested using evidence collected over the past two decades. In the present paper, I summarise those hypotheses and review that evidence. The main conclusions of this are that (1) the effects of people on fire regimes in the Pleistocene were modest at the continental scale, and difficult to distinguish from climatic controls on fire, (2) the arrival of people triggered extinction of Australia’s megafauna, but fire had little or no role in the extinction of those animals, which was probably due primarily to hunting and (3) megafaunal extinction is likely to have caused a cascade of changes that included increased fire, but only in some environments. We do not yet understand what environmental factors controlled the strength and nature of cascading effects of megafaunal extinction. This is an important topic for future research.

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Intoxicating Impressions: Architecture to enlighten the imagination through the depth of reality

10.26686/wgtn.17008114 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Amber Marie Gray

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Art And Science ◽

Science And Art ◽

Wine Region ◽

A Site ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Taste And Smell

<p>Wine is created from the delicate and fragile craft of winemaking, a craft reliant on the balance of both science and art. Wine translates qualities and experience of space and creation through the sense of taste and smell. Intoxicating impressions rediscovers the artistic nature of this craft through the space of a winery. It proposes an architecture of engagement. Impressionist painting offers an immersive representation of the qualities and atmosphere of space. This immersive effect creates an engagement of the viewer's imagination within the depicted scene. The painting's execution is based on both science and art through the representation of the intangible. This exploration resulted in testing architectural concepts of 'dissipation of light' and 'blurring of boundaries' to enhance the architectural experience to engage the imagination of the inhabitant. From these concepts, architecture allows the inhabiting of intangible qualities. The landscape presents itself as an ephemeral tool to mediate this relationship of art and science having an imperative role within the winemaking craft. The architectural design becomes a tool to immerse the user within the craft that it houses and within the landscape where the craft of winemaking occurs and upon which it relies upon. This winery is designed for a site in the Hawke’s Bay wine region of New Zealand and follows a brief designed to materialise intangible and immaterial qualities of space. This is to engage the inhabitant within the environment and the winemaking craft. The architectural design allows the exploration of the intangible, balanced, vulnerable and fragile nature of a craft that is balanced by a scientific reality.</p>

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Intoxicating Impressions: Architecture to enlighten the imagination through the depth of reality

10.26686/wgtn.17008114.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Amber Marie Gray

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Art And Science ◽

Science And Art ◽

Wine Region ◽

A Site ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Taste And Smell

<p>Wine is created from the delicate and fragile craft of winemaking, a craft reliant on the balance of both science and art. Wine translates qualities and experience of space and creation through the sense of taste and smell. Intoxicating impressions rediscovers the artistic nature of this craft through the space of a winery. It proposes an architecture of engagement. Impressionist painting offers an immersive representation of the qualities and atmosphere of space. This immersive effect creates an engagement of the viewer's imagination within the depicted scene. The painting's execution is based on both science and art through the representation of the intangible. This exploration resulted in testing architectural concepts of 'dissipation of light' and 'blurring of boundaries' to enhance the architectural experience to engage the imagination of the inhabitant. From these concepts, architecture allows the inhabiting of intangible qualities. The landscape presents itself as an ephemeral tool to mediate this relationship of art and science having an imperative role within the winemaking craft. The architectural design becomes a tool to immerse the user within the craft that it houses and within the landscape where the craft of winemaking occurs and upon which it relies upon. This winery is designed for a site in the Hawke’s Bay wine region of New Zealand and follows a brief designed to materialise intangible and immaterial qualities of space. This is to engage the inhabitant within the environment and the winemaking craft. The architectural design allows the exploration of the intangible, balanced, vulnerable and fragile nature of a craft that is balanced by a scientific reality.</p>

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Host Mediators in Gingival Crevicular Fluid: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine ◽

10.1177/10454411920030010501 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 31-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Ira B. Lamster ◽

M. John Novak

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽

Critical Role ◽

Arachidonic Acid Metabolite ◽

Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽

Tissue Destruction ◽

Crevicular Fluid ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

During the past few years, a considerable number of studies have examined different aspects of the host response in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), including the relationship of specific markers to the active phases of periodontal disease. Various indicators of the acute inflammatory response (the lysosomal enzymes P-glucuronidase and collagenase, the cytoplasmic enzyme aspartate aminotransferase, and the arachidonic acid metabolite PGE2) have been shown to be associated with clinical attachment loss in chronic adult periodontitis in man and experimental periodontitis in animal models. In contrast, the relationship of indicators of the humoral immune response in GCF to active periodontal disease is equivocal. Furthermore, a number of indicators of the cellular immune response have been identified recently in GCF (i.e., Interleukin-la, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-a), but their relationship to active phases of periodontal disease have not been studied. The polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) is the cellular hallmark of acute inflammation. Evidence from the GCF studies suggests that hyperreactivity of these cells plays a critical role in the active phases of some forms of periodontal disease. Metabolic activation of PMN can be associated with a number of potentially destructive reactions. The major effector mechanism for tissue destruction that can be specifically identified with the PMN is the synergistic effect of the release of PMN proteases and the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites by these cells. Priming of the PMN, where the PMN response is enhanced by agents that do not initiate the response, may be an important mechanism for PMN activation in the crevicular environment; for example, cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-a, and lipopolysaccharides released from subgingival Gram-negative bacteria, can serve this function. The hypothesis proposed here argues that in addition to the severe forms of periodontal disease that have been associated with qualitative or quantitative PMN defects, tissue destruction in the periodontum can be observed with hyperreactivity of these cells. These differing conclusions do not create a dilemma, but may represent opposite ends of a balance that is no longer in equilibrium.

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Introduction

Troublemakers ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479875139.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Kathryn Schumaker

Keyword(s):

Civil Rights ◽

Civil Rights Movement ◽

The United States ◽

Board Of Education ◽

Chicano Movement ◽

Legal Principles ◽

History Of ◽

The 1960S ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The introductionexplains how and why student protest became common in the United States in the late 1960s and places these protests in the context of shifts in the history of education and in broader social movements, including the civil rights movement, the Chicano Movement, and black power activism. The introduction also situates students’ rights within the context of children’s rights more broadly, explaining the legal principles that justified age discrimination and excluded children and students from the basic protections of American constitutional law. The introduction identifies the two decades between the 1960s and 1980s as a constitutional moment that revolutionized the relationship of students to the state. It also connects students’ rights litigation to the issue of school desegregation and the legacy of Brown v. Board of Education.

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