scholarly journals Early socialization and environmental enrichment of lactating piglets affects the caecal microbiota and metabolomic response after weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saladrigas-García ◽  
M. D’Angelo ◽  
H. L. Ko ◽  
S. Traserra ◽  
P. Nolis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Energetic Metabolism ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
Caecal Microbiota ◽  
Early Socialization

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the possible impact of early socialization and an enriched neonatal environment to improve adaptation of piglets to weaning. We hypothesized that changes in the microbiota colonization process and in their metabolic response and intestinal functionality could help the animals face weaning stress. A total of 48 sows and their litters were allotted into a control (CTR) or an enriched treatment (ENR), in which piglets from two adjacent pens were combined and enriched with toys. The pattern of caecal microbial colonization, the jejunal gene expression, the serum metabolome and the intestinal physiology of the piglets were assessed before (-2 d) and after weaning (+ 3d). A differential ordination of caecal microbiota was observed after weaning. Serum metabolome suggested a reduced energetic metabolism in ENR animals, as evidenced by shifts in triglycerides and fatty acids, VLDL/LDL and creatine regions. The TLR2 gene showed to be downregulated in the jejunum of ENR pigs after weaning. The integration of gene expression, metabolome and microbiota datasets confirmed that differences between barren and enriched neonatal environments were evident only after weaning. Our results suggest that improvements in adaptation to weaning could be mediated by a better response to the post-weaning stress.

scholarly journals Understanding host-microbiota interactions in the commercial piglet around weaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saladrigas-García ◽  
M. D’Angelo ◽  
H. L. Ko ◽  
P. Nolis ◽  
Y. Ramayo-Caldas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Weaning Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWeaning is a critical period in the life of pigs with repercussions on their health and welfare and on the economy of the swine industry. This study aimed to assess the effect of the commercial early weaning on gut microbiota, intestinal gene expression and serum metabolomic response via an integrated-omic approach combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the OpenArray gene expression technology and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Fourteen piglets from different litters were sampled for blood, jejunum tissue and caecal content two days before (− 2d), and three days after (+ 3d) weaning. A clearly differential ordination of caecal microbiota was observed. Higher abundances of Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Dorea and Lachnospira genera in weaned piglets compared to prior to weaning showed the quick microbial changes of the piglets’ gut microbiota. Downregulation of OCLN, CLDN4, MUC2, MUC13, SLC15A1 and SLC13A1 genes, also evidenced the negative impact of weaning on gut barrier and digestive functions. Metabolomic approach pinpointed significant decreases in choline, LDL, triglycerides, fatty acids, alanine and isoleucine and increases in 3-hydroxybutyrate after weaning. Moreover, the correlation between microbiota and metabolome datasets revealed the existence of metabolic clusters interrelated to different bacterial clusters. Our results demonstrate the impact of weaning stress on the piglet and give insights regarding the associations between gut microbiota and the animal gene activity and metabolic response.

scholarly journals PSVI-35 The combined effects of early-socialization of piglets and neonatal enriched environment on intestinal gene expression and fecal community structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 204-204
Author(s):  
Mireia Saladrigas García ◽  
Heng Lun Ko ◽  
Agustina Rodríguez Sorrento ◽  
Pol Llonch Obiols ◽  
José Francisco Pérez Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Microbiota Structure ◽  
Early Socialization

Abstract The management of the litters through practices of early-socialization and environmental enrichment has been shown to improve piglet’s adaptation at weaning, reducing stress response. We hypothesized that changes in the neonatal environment of piglets could also modulate the maturation of intestinal microbiota and gene expression at weaning. In a commercial farm, 14 maternity sows and their litters were allotted to two treatments: a control treatment (commercial conditions, CTR) and an enriched treatment (ENR) in which piglets from two litters were mixed 14 days post-partum by removing fences. Moreover, the farrowing pen was fitted with hanging objects. Piglets were mixed after weaning (d28) according to their body size, as in commercial practice, but keeping experimental groups. Faecal and jejunum samples were collected from 7 piglets/treatment before (d26) and after (d31) weaning. Faecal microbiome was analyzed by sequencing the 16S RNA gene (Illumina MiSeq®) and OpenArray® technology was used for gene expression analysis. No significant changes promoted by treatments were found in microbiota structure during lactation. However, dissimilarities were observed after weaning (Penvfit = 0.04) although we were not able to detect significant changes in particular taxa. Weaning had an evident impact in the microbiota structure with increases in α-diversity and a clear decrease in Lactobacillaceae family. Regarding intestinal gene expression, a higher expression of the TLR2 gene was registered in CTR piglets after weaning (P = 0.03). The weaning process itself was associated with changes in the expression of numerous genes related to barrier function, digestive enzymes and nutrient transport. Results confirm that early socialization of piglets and an enriched neonatal environment during lactation, can have an impact on the maturation of the intestinal microbiota after weaning. These effects could be mediated by a differential stress response and changes in the cross-talk between the host and the intestinal microbiota.

scholarly journals Analysis of gene–environment interactions in postnatal development of the mammalian intestine

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Rakoff-Nahoum ◽  
Yong Kong ◽  
Steven H. Kleinstein ◽  
Sathish Subramanian ◽  
Philip P. Ahern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Intestinal Physiology ◽  
Myeloid Differentiation Factor

Unlike mammalian embryogenesis, which takes place in the relatively predictable and stable environment of the uterus, postnatal development can be affected by a multitude of highly variable environmental factors, including diet, exposure to noxious substances, and microorganisms. Microbial colonization of the intestine is thought to play a particularly important role in postnatal development of the gastrointestinal, metabolic, and immune systems. Major changes in environmental exposure occur right after birth, upon weaning, and during pubertal maturation into adulthood. These transitions include dramatic changes in intestinal contents and require appropriate adaptations to meet changes in functional demands. Here, we attempt to both characterize and provide mechanistic insights into postnatal intestinal ontogeny. We investigated changes in global intestinal gene expression through postnatal developmental transitions. We report profound alterations in small and large intestinal transcriptional programs that accompany both weaning and puberty in WT mice. Using myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) double knockout littermates, we define the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family member signaling in postnatal gene expression programs and select ontogeny-specific phenotypes, such as vascular and smooth muscle development and neonatal epithelial and mast cell homeostasis. Metaanalysis of the effect of the microbiota on intestinal gene expression allowed for mechanistic classification of developmentally regulated genes by TLR/IL-1R (TIR) signaling and/or indigenous microbes. We find that practically every aspect of intestinal physiology is affected by postnatal transitions. Developmental timing, microbial colonization, and TIR signaling seem to play distinct and specific roles in regulation of gene-expression programs throughout postnatal development.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Mistranslation in Brain Provokes a Metabolic Response Which Mitigates the Age-Associated Decline in Mitochondrial Gene Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2746
Author(s):  
Dimitri Shcherbakov ◽  
Reda Juskeviciene ◽  
Adrián Cortés Sanchón ◽  
Margarita Brilkova ◽  
Hubert Rehrauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Brain Mitochondria ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Neurological Phenotype

Mitochondrial misreading, conferred by mutation V338Y in mitoribosomal protein Mrps5, in-vivo is associated with a subtle neurological phenotype. Brain mitochondria of homozygous knock-in mutant Mrps5V338Y/V338Y mice show decreased oxygen consumption and reduced ATP levels. Using a combination of unbiased RNA-Seq with untargeted metabolomics, we here demonstrate a concerted response, which alleviates the impaired functionality of OXPHOS complexes in Mrps5 mutant mice. This concerted response mitigates the age-associated decline in mitochondrial gene expression and compensates for impaired respiration by transcriptional upregulation of OXPHOS components together with anaplerotic replenishment of the TCA cycle (pyruvate, 2-ketoglutarate).

scholarly journals Successional stages in infant gut microbiota maturation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Beller ◽  
Ward Deboutte ◽  
Gwen Falony ◽  
Sara Vieira Silva ◽  
Raul Tito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Gut Flora ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Colonization Process ◽  
First Year Of Life

Background: Disturbances in the primary colonization of the infant gut can result in life-long consequences and have been associated with a range of host conditions. Although early life factors have been shown to affect the infant gut microbiota development, our current understanding of the human gut colonization in early life remains limited. To gain more insights in the unique dynamics of this rapidly evolving ecosystem, we investigated the microbiota over the first year of life in eight densely sampled infants (total number of samples, n=303). To evaluate gut microbiota maturation transition towards an adult configuration, we compared the microbiome composition of the infants to the Flemish Gut Flora Project population (n=1,106). Results: We observed the infant gut microbiota to mature through three distinct, conserved stages of ecosystem development. Across these successional gut microbiota maturation stages, genus predominance was observed to shift from Escherichia over Bifidobacterium to Bacteroides. Both disease and antibiotic treatment were observed to be associated occasionally with gut microbiota maturation stage regression, a transient setback in microbiota maturation dynamics. Although the studied microbiota trajectories evolved to more adult-like constellations, microbiome community typing against the background of the Flemish Gut Flora Project (FGFP) cohort clustered all infant samples within the (in adults) potentially dysbiotic Bact2 enterotype. Conclusion: We confirmed similarities between infant gut microbial colonization and adult dysbiosis. A profound knowledge about the primary gut colonization process in infants might provide crucial insights into how the secondary colonization of a dysbiotic adult gut can be redirected.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and clonal stability of antigen-inexperienced memory-like T cells across the genetic background, hygienic status, and aging

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Moudra ◽  
Veronika Niederlova ◽  
Jiri Novotny ◽  
Lucie Schmiedova ◽  
Jan Kubovciak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Different Genetic Background

AbstractAntigen-inexperienced memory-like T (AIMT) cells are functionally unique T cells representing one of the two largest subsets of murine CD8+ T cells. However, differences between laboratory inbred strains, insufficient data from germ-free mice, a complete lack of data from feral mice, and unclear relationship between AIMT cells formation during aging represent major barriers for better understanding of their biology. We performed a thorough characterization of AIMT cells from mice of different genetic background, age, and hygienic status by flow cytometry and multi-omics approaches including analyses of gene expression, TCR repertoire, and microbial colonization. Our data showed that AIMT cells are steadily present in mice independently of their genetic background and hygienic status. Despite differences in their gene expression profiles, young and aged AIMT cells originate from identical clones. We identified that CD122 discriminates two major subsets of AIMT cells in a strain-independent manner. Whereas thymic CD122LOW AIMT cells (innate memory) prevail only in young animals with high thymic IL-4 production, peripheral CD122HIGH AIMT cells (virtual memory) dominate in aged mice. Co-housing with feral mice changed the bacterial colonization of laboratory strains, but had only minimal effects on the CD8+ T-cell compartment including AIMT cells.

scholarly journals Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2819
Author(s):  
Elena Colombino ◽  
Ilaria Biasato ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Sara Bellezza Oddon ◽  
Christian Caimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Local Immune Response ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Caecal Microbiota

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae as environmental enrichment on the mucin composition, local immune response and microbiota of broilers. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment; ten animals/replicate): (i) control (C); (ii) C+HI; (iii) C+TM. Live larvae were distributed based on 5% of the expected daily feed intake. At slaughter (39 days of age), samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (twelve animals/diet) were submitted to mucin histochemical evaluation. Expression of MUC-2 and cytokines was evaluated by rt-qPCR in jejunum. Mucin staining intensity was not influenced by diet (p > 0.05); however, this varied depending on the intestinal segment (p < 0.001). No significant differences were recorded for IL-4, IL-6 TNF-α, MUC-2 and INF-γ gene expression in jejunum, while IL-2 was lower in the TM group compared to HI and C (p = 0.044). Caecal microbiota showed higher abundance of Clostridium, Saccharibacteria and Victivallaceae in the HI group, while Collinsella was higher in the TM group. The results suggested that live insect larvae did not impair mucin composition or local immune response, and can slightly improve caecal microbiota by enhancing a minor fraction of short chain fatty acid-producing taxa.

scholarly journals Early Life Disruption of the Microbiota Affects Organ Development and Cytokine Gene Expression in Threespine Stickleback

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas J Kirschman ◽  
Anastasia Khadjinova ◽  
Kelly Ireland ◽  
Kathryn C Milligan-Myhre
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Cytokine Gene

Synopsis The microbiota that inhabits vertebrates exerts strong effects on host physiology and can be crucial to the development of a normal phenotype. This includes development of the immune system, somatic growth and maintenance, and morphogenesis. However, the genetic background of the host can also affect these life history traits. To this end, we investigated the effects of the microbiota on growth, development, and immune gene expression on two populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), one anadromous and one freshwater. We tested the hypotheses that microbial colonization and the genetic background of the host would affect survival, cytokine gene expression, growth, and development. We raised in vitro crosses of stickleback larvae with and without conventional microbiota. We then exposed all these treatments to Vibrio anguillarum, a potential fish pathogen, in a full factorial design. We found stickleback raised without conventional microbiota had smaller swim bladders relative to those raised with conventional microbiota. Stickleback raised with conventional microbiota exhibited small increases in cytokine gene expression. We found no differences in growth or survival regardless of treatment. These results are consistent with other investigations that show microbiota disruption, in early life, can alter host organ and tissue development and immune responses

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