Assessing Megastigmus specularis (Hymenoptera: Megastigmidae) infestations in a Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) clonal seed orchard of the southern Appalachians

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 445-455
Author(s):  
Lilian P. Matallana-Ramirez ◽  
Kelly Goode ◽  
Matthew Bertone ◽  
Petr Janšta ◽  
Roger Burks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard

CHEMICAL1 CONTROL OF THREE WHITE GRUB SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE) ATTACKING FRASER FIR CHRISTMAS TREES IN THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS

1987 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Bradford M. R. Kard ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
White Grubs ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Levels Of Control

Field experiments were conducted in 1982, 1983, and 1984 to evaluate the efficacy of several insecticides for controlling white grubs infesting Fraser fir, Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir., Christmas trees and pastureland scheduled for fir plantings, and to evaluate insecticide phytotoxicity. The white grub complex consisted primarily of three species: Pyllophaga anxia (LeConte) Glasgow, P. fusca (Froelich) Glasgow, and Polyphylla comes Casey. Mean pretreatment white grub population densities ranged from 20.8 to 77.8 grubs per m2. Isazophos, diazinon, carbofuran, carbaryl, trichlorfon, chlorpyrifos, and isofenphos demonstrated a wide range of effectiveness in reducing populations while showing no phytotoxicity to grass sod or fir. Isazophos and diazinon applications provided the highest levels of control.

DEVELOPMENT OF WOUND TISSUE IN THE BARK OF FRASER FIR AND ITS RELATION TO INJURY BY THE BALSAM WOOLLY ADELGID1

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Arthur ◽  
F. P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Tree Age ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Balsam Woolly Adelgid ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
Wound Tissue

A total of 89 Fraser fir, Abies fraseri Pursh. (Poir.), from seven locations in the southern Appalachians were tested for non-suberized impervious tissue (NIT) at artificial wound sites. All trees except one formed NIT in a time period that was considered normal (3 weeks), with no delays due to tree age, location or presence of balsam woolly adelgid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). Although most Fraser fir react to adelgid attack by forming “rotholz” (red wood), a number of infested trees showed no visual signs of rotholz formation.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic and Phenotypic Parameters for Growth Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus kesiya in Malawi

ISRN Forestry ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Missanjo ◽  
Gift Kamanga-Thole ◽  
Vidah Manda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Tree Model ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Kesiya ◽  
Individual Tree Model ◽  
The Individual

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for height, diameter at breast height (dbh), and volume were estimated for Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon clonal seed orchard in Malawi using an ASReml program, fitting an individual tree model. The data were from 88 clones assessed at 18, 23, 30, 35, and 40 years of age. Heritability estimates for height, dbh, and volume were moderate to high ranging from 0.19 to 0.54, from 0.14 to 0.53, and from 0.20 to 0.59, respectively, suggesting a strong genetic control of the traits at the individual level, among families, and within families. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between the growth traits were significantly high and ranged from 0.69 to 0.97 and from 0.60 to 0.95, respectively. This suggests the possibility of indirect selection in trait with direct selection in another trait. The predicted genetic gains showed that the optimal rotational age of the Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard is 30 years; therefore, it is recommended to establish a new Pinus kesiya clonal seed orchard. However, selective harvest of clones with high breeding values in the old seed orchard should be considered so that the best parents in the old orchard can continue to contribute until the new orchard is well established.

Paternity analysis with microsatellites in a Danish Abies nordmanniana clonal seed orchard reveals dysfunctions

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
O K Hansen ◽  
E D Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Variance ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Abies Nordmanniana ◽  
The Status

A paternity analysis using five microsatellite markers was conducted in a Danish clonal seed orchard with 13 Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach clones. The purpose was to investigate potential seed-orchard dysfunctions, with special emphasis on nonequal pollen contributions and selfing. Male paternity was found for 232 seedlings germinated from seeds collected on three ramets, each of eight clones, and the relative contribution of each clone to the gene pool of male gametes was calculated. Furthermore, 49 ramets were genotyped to check for erroneous grafting. The effect of an unbalanced male contribution was quantified by means of two measures: (1) the status number (NS), which reflects buildup of coancestry in the seed-orchard crop as a result of a low number of clones and an unequal male contribution, and (2) the asymptotic variance effective population number (Ne(v)). The contributions by pollen donors from the 13 clones were highly skewed. Three clones were fathers to more than 75% of the progenies, while making up only 24% of the ramets in the seed orchard. Four clones sired no progenies at all. The unequal contribution on the male side corresponded to NS = 4.2 and Ne(v) = 5.8. Some selfing was observed, which may give rise to concern if clonal seed orchards with few clones are established. The estimated maximum pollen contamination from outside the seed orchard was 4.3%. No grafting–labelling errors were identified.

Bionomics of the pine needle scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in southern Québec, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Frdéric Guay ◽  
Amy Bernier-Desmarais ◽  
Jean-François Doherty ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
Pine Needle ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), has the status of an emerging pest in Christmas tree (Pinaceae) plantations in Québec, Canada. The scale is not known to cause any significant damage yet and is not generally monitored by growers. However, it can be an obstacle for exportation to Christmas tree markets where scale insects are strictly regulated. In this study, we describe its life cycle in Christmas tree plantations in southern Québec. We confirm the presence of both parthenogenetic and sexual forms of the scale on Fraser fir Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poiret (Pinaceae) grown as Christmas trees, and of parasitoid and Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) specialists that could contribute to its control.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF TEAK MISTLETOE SPECIES AND BASIC INFORMATION OF UTILIZATION AS MEDICINAL PLANT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. S61-S63
Author(s):  
Zainal Muttaqin ◽  
Sri Wilarso Budi R ◽  
Basuki Wasis ◽  
Iskandar Z Siregar ◽  
Corryanti .
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Hemiparasitic Plants ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
High Control ◽  
Attack Intensity

Mistletoe is hemiparasitic plants (macroparasite) on seasonal and annual plants include trees, however, mistletoes are also beneficial as key species that fill in the ecological niche, and a potential to non-wood forest product such as medicinal plants as one of them. The objectives of this research are to identify species of teak mistletoes at Padangan Clonal Seed Orchard (CSO) in Perum Perhutani and to aim its posibilities as medicinal plant. The inventory methods on species of teak mistletoes was carried out in compartements/blocks of teak clones that are designated as Observation Sample Plots (OSPs/PCP) of the attack intensity from low, medium, high, control; and four units Observation Measurement Plots (OMPs/PUP) on each OSPs/PCP. Continously, it was analized by comparing the same species of mistletoes on other host trees as reference which was efficacious to be used as medicinal plant. Three species of mistletoes parasitizing teak clone stands were identified as Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae which is also attacking other host trees, Macrosolen tetragonus (Blume) Miq. of family of Loranthaceae too, Viscum articulatum Burm. F. of family of Santalacea/Viscaceae that is hyperparasite on two other mistletoes. The comparison with the same teak mistletoe but on different host trees shows that including D. pentandra and V. articulatum have the potential for hypertension treatment. D. pentandra is used too for medicine to cure ilness, wounds, fester and recovery from parturition. Known that chemical content this mistletoe comprise of flavonoid ingrident, fenolat acid (terulat acid, para hidroksi benzoate acid, kumarat acid, protokatekuat acid and vanilat acid. As for the utilization of M. tetragonus hasn’t been discovered up to this moment.Key words: mistletoe, identification, teak clone, non-wood forest product, medicinal plant

scholarly journals Seed Germination Variation among Crop Years from a Pinus sylvestris Clonal Seed Orchard

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Melusi Rampart
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
The Mean

Maternal effects were assessed by germinating seeds sourced over multiple years from the same cloned mother trees, comparing germination capacity and rate between crop years. The relationships between climatic variables, seed characteristics and germination capacity were determined, and thermal time parameters were used to predict seed dormancy release and germination under the climatic conditions in the year after seed collection. There were significant differences in seed weight (P < 0.05), seed length and embryo occupancy (both P < 0.001) among crop years. Temperature during the seed development period explained 70% of the variation in seed weight and 63% of the variation in embryo occupancy. Germination capacity was significantly (P <0.001) different among crop years, among temperatures and among chilling durations, and thermal time requirements for germination increased from older (2007) to younger (2012) seeds. The mean base temperature without chilling was 7.1°C, while after chilling it was 4.6°C and 3.6°C for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. The mean thermal time to 50% germination without chilling was 135.1°Cd, while after chilling it was 118.3°Cd and 154.0°Cd for four and eight weeks chilling respectively. This experiment demonstrates that year-to-year differences in the environment experienced by mother trees during seed maturation can affect seed germination characteristics.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and population structure in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri): a microsatellite assessment of young trees

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 2128-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Potter ◽  
John Frampton ◽  
Sedley A. Josserand ◽  
C. Dana Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Fragmented Forest ◽  
Migration History ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Young Life ◽  
High Degree

The island-like populations of Fraser fir ( Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) have been isolated since the end of the late-Wisconsinian glaciation on the highest peaks of the Southern Appalachian Mountains and therefore offer an opportunity to investigate the genetic dynamics of a long-fragmented forest tree species. An analysis of eight microsatellite markers isolated from Fraser fir found that the species was out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, with a significant deficiency of heterozygosity and a high degree of inbreeding (FIS = 0.223) relative to other conifers, perhaps associated in part with the young life stage of the trees included in the analysis. The analysis detected a significant but small amount of genetic differentiation among Fraser fir populations (FST = 0.004) and revealed that the geographical and latitudinal distances between populations, but not population area, were significantly correlated with their pairwise genetic differences. Both gene flow and postglacial migration history may have influenced the genetic architecture of the species. The results will be useful in the genetic conservation of Fraser fir, a species experiencing severe mortality following infestation by an exotic insect.

Adelges piceae. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Adelges Piceae ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Adelges piceae (Ratzeburg) [Dreyfusia piceae]. Hemiptera: Adelgidae. Hosts: balsam fir (Abies balsamea), Fraser fir (Abies fraseri), and other Abies spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy (Sicily), Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK), Asia (Turkey), North America (Canada (British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec), USA (California, Idaho, Maine, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), South America (Chile).

scholarly journals Recent results of Czech-American fir hybridization research

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
J. Kobliha ◽  
J. Stejskal ◽  
P. Škorpík ◽  
J. Frampton
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Abies Cephalonica ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
The Individual

Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) Christmas tree plantations in North Carolina are infested by root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. This disease kills almost 100% of Fraser fir material and leaves the soil permanently infested. Control crossings of Mediterranean fir hybrids Abies cilicica &times; Abies cephalonica with Abies fraseri were performed to ensure possibly resistant hybrid material of desired Christmas tree parameters. Pollen of various clones of A. fraseri was shipped to the Czech Republic by NCSU. Control pollinations were performed in April/May 2010 and 2011 in our hybridization seed orchards. Female strobili were isolated in the period of their highest receptibility. Cones were collected during September. Cones were dried and completely disintegrated. Basic parameters of cones and seeds were assessed for each seed lot. Seed samples of the individual seed lots were X-rayed for assessment of the final share of full seeds. In 2010, the most successful combination CZ2 &times; NC81 brought 7% of viable seeds. In 2011 the most successful combination was CZ2 &times; NC26 with 18% of viable seeds.

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