scholarly journals 0632 Time of Day and Time on Task Effects on Working Memory and Sleepiness of Bus Drivers

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A252-A252
Author(s):  
Maryam Maghsoudipour ◽  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Mostafa Pouyakian ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri ◽  
Sara Moghimi
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Epworth Sleepiness Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Introduction Fatigue and sleepiness have direct effects on vigilance, and cognitive functions of drivers. The objective of this study was to analyze individual bus drivers' characteristics and work shift parameters and relation to the working memory performance and sleepiness. Methods This prospective study was conducted on 35 inter-city bus drivers by convenience sampling. We collected data during the time span of a 24-hour round trip by using the demographic questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and reversed digit span memory test (part of the Wechsler-Adult Intelligence Test). A linear mixed model was used for statistic analysis. Results The mean (± SD) of Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 6.4 (±2.7). 12.5% of drivers had excessive daytime sleepiness according to ESS results. The circadian effect of time of day on the drivers' working memories was statistically significant (P=0.001), and the working memory was minimum at 04:00 am (± 1). Additionally, the differences in sleepiness at different times of day were statistically significant (P=0.001); with the highest score at 04:00 am (± 1). Time on task and time of sleep parameters did not show a significant effect on working memory (p> 0.05). Time on task parameter affected sleepiness significantly (p=0.024). Conclusion The circadian factor was the most important predictor of cognitive performance compared to time on task (fatigue) and time of sleep. Although, time on task had a significant effect on sleepiness and sleepiness significantly decreased working memory. We conclude that optimizing the drivers' schedule is the most important intervention to optimize drivers' performance and increase road safety. Support (If Any) Not

scholarly journals Corrigendum to: Time of Day and Time on Task Effects on Working Memory and Sleepiness of Bus Drivers

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Maghsoudipour ◽  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Mostafa Pouyakian ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Task Effects

scholarly journals Narcissistic Traits and Executive Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Nenadić
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Spearman's Rho ◽  
Spearman’S Rho ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Several personality disorders have been associated with cognitive impairment, including executive functions like working memory. Yet, it is unclear whether subclinical expression in non-clinical persons is associated with cognitive functioning. Recent studies indicate that non-clinical subjects might, in fact, perform better with increasing moderate to mild expressions of narcissistic features. We tested working memory performance in a cohort of n=70 psychiatrically and neurologically healthy subjects using Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS/WIE) subtests Arithmetic, Digit Span and Letter-Number Sequencing, and assessed narcissistic features using three different inventories: the widely used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), as well as two clinically used measures of narcissistic traits and states, respectively, derived from schema-focused therapy, i.e., the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) entitlement/grandiosity subscale and the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) self-aggrandizer subscale. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found nominally significant positive correlations of WIE Arithmetic performance with NPI total score (Spearman’s rho=0.208; p=0.043) and SMI self-aggrandizer scale (Spearman’s rho=0.231; p=0.027), but findings did not survive false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment for multiple comparisons (pFDR=0.189 and pFDR=0.243, respectively). While our findings add to recent studies on cognitive performance in subclinical narcissism, they fail to demonstrate an association of cognitive performance with narcissistic traits across multiple working memory tests, indicating the need for additional study, including complementary executive functions in larger cohorts and ranges of phenotype expression.

Time of day, time of sleep, and time on task effects on sleepiness and cognitive performance of bus drivers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Maghsoudipour ◽  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Sara Moghimi ◽  
Sonia Ancoli-Israel ◽  
Pamela N. DeYoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Task Effects

scholarly journals Effect of cortisol levels on working memory performance in elderly subjects with Alzheimer's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3b) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Nery de Souza-Talarico ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini ◽  
Eliane Corrêa Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Cortisol Levels

BACKGROUND: Subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have elevated cortisol levels as a result of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Acute administration of hydrocortisone has been associated with working memory (WM) performance in young adults. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether cortisol levels are associated with WM performance in subjects with AD. METHOD: Eighty subjects were included, comprising 40 patients with mild AD and 40 healthy elderly controls. WM was assessed using the Digit Span Backward test (DSB). Saliva samples were collected to determine cortisol levels. RESULTS: AD subjects had poorer performance on the DSB than controls (p=0.002) and also presented higher levels of cortisol than control group (p=0.04). No significant correlation was observed between the DSB and cortisol levels in both groups (r= -0.29). CONCLUSION: In this study, elevated cortisol levels were not associated with poorer WM performance in patients with AD or in healthy elderly subjects.

scholarly journals Neural Underpinnings of Working Memory in Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 494-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia Z. King ◽  
Sabrina Na ◽  
Hui Mao
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Bold Response ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumors

AbstractAdult survivors of childhood brain tumors are at risk for cognitive performance deficits that require the core cognitive skill of working memory. Our goal was to examine the neural mechanisms underlying working memory performance in survivors. We studied the working memory of adult survivors of pediatric posterior fossa brain tumors using a letter n-back paradigm with varying cognitive workload (0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-back) and functional magnetic resonance imaging as well as neuropsychological measures. Survivors of childhood brain tumors evidenced lower working memory performance than demographically matched healthy controls. Whole-brain analyses revealed significantly greater blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation in the left superior / middle frontal gyri and left parietal lobe during working memory (2-back versus 0-back contrast) in survivors. Left frontal BOLD response negatively correlated with 2- and 3-back working memory performance, Auditory Consonant Trigrams (ACT), and Digit Span Backwards. In contrast, parietal lobe BOLD response negatively correlated with 0-back (vigilance task) and ACT. The results revealed that adult survivors of childhood posterior fossa brain tumors recruited additional cognitive control resources in the prefrontal lobe during increased working memory demands. This increased prefrontal activation is associated with lower working memory performance and is consistent with the allocation of latent resources theory. (JINS, 2015, 21, 494–505)

Laterality of Lesions and Trait-Anxiety on Working Memory Performance

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. S. Killgore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Cerebral Activation ◽  
The Right

An asymmetry of anterior cerebral activation favoring the right hemisphere has been associated with dispositional negative affect including trait-anxiety, while the opposite appears true of cerebral asymmetry favoring the left hemisphere. It was hypothesized that an asymmetry of cerebral activation, as defined by scores on a measure of trait-anxiety, ipsilateral to the side of an anterior brain lesion would be associated with less efficient cognitive processing than greater activation in the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion. Patients with anterior left ( n = 16) or right ( n = 15) hemisphere lesions completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and several neurocognitive tasks. Of the abilities tested, only Digit Span scores showed an interaction between side of lesion and presumed activation asymmetry. Patients with right- but not with left-hemisphere damage showed significant differences in working memory performance depending on the presumed direction of asymmetry of the two hemispheres, supporting the dual roles of the right hemisphere in affective processing and directed attention.

scholarly journals Explosive pollen release, stigma receptivity, and pollen dispersal pattern of Boehmeria caudata Sw. (Urticaceae) in a Brazilian rain forest

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Maria Montoya-Pfeiffer ◽  
Peter G. Kevan ◽  
Adrian González-Chaves ◽  
Elisa Pereira Queiroz ◽  
Enderlei Dec
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Pollen Release ◽  
Wind Currents

Male flowers of the wind-pollinated, dioecious shrub Boehmeria caudata Sw. release pollen explosively, possibly stimulated by anther dehydration in response to temporarily dry conditions coupled with hydrostatic pressure in the filament. In the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest, the daily frequency of male flower anthesis peaked between 1000–1200 h (GMT −3) and was positively correlated with rising temperature, wind currents, and direct insolation, but negatively correlated with relative humidity. A generalized linear mixed model predicts the probability of pollen release under different conditions of relative humidity and wind. Receptive stigmas on female flowers were found at any time of day: individual stigmas were receptive (H2O2 test) for at least two days. Beetles and halictid bees were observed feeding on pollen from staminate flowers, but probably did not affect pollination because they did not seem to visit pistillate flowers. Individual plants of this apparently ruderal species grow along road edges and show aggregated (clumped) spatial dispersion. The overall sex ratio we found was 29 females to 43 males, with one monoecious plant in a total transect distance of 6319 m. Pollen traps were placed on the female plants to measure pollen arrival. Pollen capture was higher on the more exposed road-facing side and positively related to male plant density.

Physical Activity Moderates Time-of-Day Differences in Older Adults' Working Memory Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Bugg ◽  
Edward L. DeLosh ◽  
Benjamin A. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day

scholarly journals The influence of schooling on working memory performance in elderly individuals without cognitive decline

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Nery de Souza-Talarico ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini ◽  
Eliane Corrêa Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Over recent decades, research on cognition has been developed rapidly toward better understanding the cognitive changes that usually occur during normal aging. There is evidence that elderly individuals have worse working memory performance than young adults. However, the effect of education on this cognitive function remains unclear. Objectives: To analyze the performance of healthy elderly subjects on working memory tasks and to verify the influence of educational level on this performance. Methods: Forty elderly individuals without cognitive impairment and fully independent, were randomly chosen from a group of subjects participating in cultural activities at the university campus. The Digit Span Forward (DSF) test was used to evaluate attention performance. The working memory performance was assessed by the Digit Span Backward (DSB) and the difference between DSF and DSB. The data were statistically analyzed using the Spearman's correlation coefficient to verify the correlation between the Digit Span (DS) scores and the variables age and schooling, while the Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to verify the effect of these variables on the DS scores. Results: A significant positive correlation (r=0.41, p<0.01) as well as a significant association (b=0.506; p=0.001; CI 95%= 0.064/0.237) were found between years of schooling and DSB scores. It was not observed statistical correlation (r= -0.08, p=0.64) or association (b=0.41; p=0.775; CI 95%= -0.049/0.065) between age and DSB scores. Conclusion: In this study, higher levels of schooling were associated with better working memory performance in cognitively healthy elders.

scholarly journals Investigating Chronotype Orientation on Daily and Weekly Rhythm Fluctuations in Preschoolers Working Memory Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 150-157
Author(s):  
Zohre Nasiri Zarch ◽  
Massoud Sharifi ◽  
Mahmood Heidari ◽  
Shahla Pakdaman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Day Of The Week

Background: Chronopsychology researches claim that cognitive processes performance during learning in the educational environment in times of the day and days of the week fluctuate, and working memory is essential among these cognitive processes. The research aimed to study the rhythm of daily and weekly working memory performance of preschoolers based on their chronotype (morningness and eveningness) orientation. Methods: The research method is causal-comparative. The participants are 100 preschool children in Tehran that were selected based on purposive sampling. Their working memory was tested at different time intervals of (8, 11, 13, and 15) and weekly (Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday). Saturday also considered as the first day of the week. Data collection instrument were children morningness-eveningness preference (CMEP) in the form of questionnaire and working memory test. Data analysis based on a mixed analysis of variance. Results: The results showed that preschoolers working memory performance during different days of the week and time of day was different (P<0.01). There was a significant difference between children in different groups regarding memory at different hours of the day, but on different days of the week, there was no significant difference in memory performance (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings, teachers and clinicians are suggested to consider the importance of circadian rhythm parameters in assessing cognitive function in patients and healthy people. Awareness of individual differences of the morningness-eveningness type can be very effective in designing training programs and preventive health associated matters with each type.

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