Corrigendum to: Time of Day and Time on Task Effects on Working Memory and Sleepiness of Bus Drivers

Abstract Introduction Fatigue and sleepiness have direct effects on vigilance, and cognitive functions of drivers. The objective of this study was to analyze individual bus drivers' characteristics and work shift parameters and relation to the working memory performance and sleepiness. Methods This prospective study was conducted on 35 inter-city bus drivers by convenience sampling. We collected data during the time span of a 24-hour round trip by using the demographic questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and reversed digit span memory test (part of the Wechsler-Adult Intelligence Test). A linear mixed model was used for statistic analysis. Results The mean (± SD) of Epworth Sleepiness Scale score was 6.4 (±2.7). 12.5% of drivers had excessive daytime sleepiness according to ESS results. The circadian effect of time of day on the drivers' working memories was statistically significant (P=0.001), and the working memory was minimum at 04:00 am (± 1). Additionally, the differences in sleepiness at different times of day were statistically significant (P=0.001); with the highest score at 04:00 am (± 1). Time on task and time of sleep parameters did not show a significant effect on working memory (p> 0.05). Time on task parameter affected sleepiness significantly (p=0.024). Conclusion The circadian factor was the most important predictor of cognitive performance compared to time on task (fatigue) and time of sleep. Although, time on task had a significant effect on sleepiness and sleepiness significantly decreased working memory. We conclude that optimizing the drivers' schedule is the most important intervention to optimize drivers' performance and increase road safety. Support (If Any) Not

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Working memory in the odor span task: effects of chlordiazepoxide, dizocilpine (MK801), morphine, and scopolamine

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00213-012-2825-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mark Galizio ◽

Melissa Deal ◽

Andrew Hawkey ◽

Brooke April

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Span Task ◽

Task Effects ◽

Odor Span

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Do time-on-task effects reveal face specificity in object cognition?

Journal of Cognitive Psychology ◽

10.1080/20445911.2020.1756303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 423-441

Author(s):

Dominik-Borna Ćepulić ◽

Florian Schmitz ◽

Andrea Hildebrandt

Keyword(s):

Time On Task ◽

Task Effects ◽

Object Cognition

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Performance of hippocampectomized rats in a reference/working-memory task: Effects of preoperative versus postoperative training

Physiological Psychology ◽

10.3758/bf03326527 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 235-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

P. D. Gage

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Memory Task ◽

Task Effects

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High‐Fat and High‐Sucrose Diets Impair Time‐of‐Day Differences in Spatial Working Memory of Male Mice

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.22983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 2347-2356

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Davis ◽

Jodi R. Paul ◽

Laura J. McMeekin ◽

Shelly R. Nason ◽

Jessica P. Antipenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Male Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

High Sucrose

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Working Memory Constraints on Linear Reasoning with Spatial and Temporal Contents

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A ◽

10.1080/713755735 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 803-820 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Andre Vandierendonck ◽

Gino De Vooght

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Secondary Task ◽

Spatial Relations ◽

Central Executive ◽

Secondary Tasks ◽

Task Effects ◽

Content Domain ◽

Within Subjects ◽

Spatial Resources ◽

Memory Constraints

The present article reports two experiments testing the use of working memory components during reasoning with temporal and spatial relations in four-term series problems. In the first experiment four groups of subjects performed reasoning tasks with temporal and with spatial contents either without (control) or with a secondary task (articulatory suppression, visuospatial suppression or central executive suppression). The second experiment tested the secondary task effects in a within-subjects design either on problems with a spatial content or on problems with a temporal content, and within each content domain either under conditions of self-paced or of fixed presentation of the premises. Both experiments found effects of all three secondary tasks on reasoning accuracy. This supports the hypothesis that the subjects construct spatial representations of the premise information with the support of visuo-spatial resources of working memory. The second experiment also showed that during premise intake, only visuo-spatial and central executive secondary tasks had an effect. The implications of the data for the working memory requirements of reasoning and for theories of linear reasoning are discussed.

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Monitoring Brain State and Behavioral Performance during Repetitive Visual Stimulation

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11544

Author(s):

Alexander K. Kuc ◽

Semen A. Kurkin ◽

Vladimir A. Maksimenko ◽

Alexander N. Pisarchik ◽

Alexander E. Hramov

Keyword(s):

Visual Stimulation ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Decision Time ◽

Task Demands ◽

Brain State ◽

Time On Task ◽

Behavioral Performance ◽

Task Effects ◽

Perceptual Performance ◽

Eeg Power

We tested whether changes in prestimulus neural activity predict behavioral performance (decision time and errors) during a prolonged visual task. The task was to classify ambiguous stimuli—Necker cubes; manipulating the degree of ambiguity from low ambiguity (LA) to high ambiguity (HA) changed the task difficulty. First, we assumed that the observer’s state changes over time, which leads to a change in the prestimulus brain activity. Second, we supposed that the prestimulus state produces a different effect on behavioral performance depending on the task demands. Monitoring behavioral responses, we revealed that the observer’s decision time decreased for both LA and HA stimuli during the task performance. The number of perceptual errors lowered for HA, but not for LA stimuli. EEG analysis revealed an increase in the prestimulus 9–11 Hz EEG power with task time. Finally, we found associations between the behavioral and neural estimates. The prestimulus EEG power negatively correlated with the decision time for LA stimuli and the erroneous responses rate for HA stimuli. The obtained results confirm that monitoring prestimulus EEG power enables predicting perceptual performance on the behavioral level. The observed different time-on-task effects on the LA and HA stimuli processing may shed light on the features of ambiguous perception.

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What affects the magnitude of age-related dual-task costs in working memory? The role of stimulus domain and access to semantic representations

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1177/1747021820970744 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174702182097074

Author(s):

Agnieszka J Jaroslawska ◽

Stephen Rhodes ◽

Clément Belletier ◽

Jason M Doherty ◽

Nelson Cowan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Working Memory ◽

Dual Task ◽

Memory Task ◽

Semantic Representations ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Task Effects ◽

Concurrent Processing ◽

Age Related

Although there is evidence that the effect of including a concurrent processing demand on the storage of information in working memory is disproportionately larger for older than younger adults, not all studies show this age-related impairment, and the critical factors responsible for any such impairment remain elusive. Here we assess whether domain overlap between storage and processing activities, and access to semantic representations, are important determinants of performance in a sample of younger and older adults ( N = 119). We developed four versions of a processing task by manipulating the type of stimuli involved (either verbal or non-verbal) and the decision that participants had to make about the stimuli presented on the screen. Participants either had to perform a spatial judgement, in deciding whether the verbal or non-verbal item was presented above or below the centre of the screen, or a semantic judgement, in deciding whether the stimulus refers to something living or not living. The memory task was serial-ordered recall of visually presented letters. The study revealed a large increase in age-related memory differences when concurrent processing was required. These differences were smaller when storage and processing activities both used verbal materials. Dual-task effects on processing were also disproportionate for older adults. Age differences in processing performance appeared larger for tasks requiring spatial decisions rather than semantic decisions. We discuss these findings in relation to three competing frameworks of working memory and the extant literature on cognitive ageing.

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An Evaluation of Sleepiness, Performance, and Workload Among Operators During a Real-Time Reactive Telerobotic Lunar Mission Simulation

Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society ◽

10.1177/00187208211056756 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001872082110567

Author(s):

Zachary Glaros ◽

Robert E. Carvalho ◽

Erin E. Flynn-Evans

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Vigilance Task ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Time On Task ◽

Performance Impact ◽

Neurobehavioral Performance ◽

Control Center ◽

Task Load ◽

Lunar Mission ◽

Mission Simulation

Objective We assessed operator performance during a real-time reactive telerobotic lunar mission simulation to understand how daytime versus nighttime operations might affect sleepiness, performance, and workload. Background Control center operations present factors that can influence sleepiness, neurobehavioral performance, and workload. Each spaceflight mission poses unique challenges that make it difficult to predict how long operators can safely and accurately conduct operations. We aimed to evaluate the performance impact of time-on-task and time-of-day using a simulated telerobotic lunar rover to better inform staffing and scheduling needs for the upcoming Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) mission. Methods We studied seven trained operators in a simulated mission control environment. Operators completed two five-hour simulations in a randomized order, beginning at noon and midnight. Performance was evaluated every 25 minutes using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale, Psychomotor Vigilance Task, and NASA Task Load Index. Results Participants rated themselves as sleepier (5.06 ± 2.28) on the midnight compared to the noon simulation (3.12 ± 1.44; p < .001). Reaction time worsened over time during the midnight simulation but did not vary between simulations. Workload was rated higher during the noon (37.93 ± 20.09) compared to the midnight simulation (32.09 ± 21.74; p = .007). Conclusion Our findings suggest that work shifts during future operations should be limited in duration to minimize sleepiness. Our findings also suggest that working during the day, when distractions are present, increases perceived workload. Further research is needed to understand how working consecutive shifts and taking breaks within a shift influence performance.

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