scholarly journals Limited Utility of Cardiovascular Risk Scores for People Living with HIV in Malawi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia Goh ◽  
Henry Mwandumba ◽  
Alicja Rapala ◽  
Willard Tingao ◽  
Irene Sheha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Despite the high prevalence of HIV in low income subSaharan Africa, there are few data on the assessment of CVD risk in the region. In this study, we aimed to compare the utility of existing CVD risk scores in a cohort of Malawian adults, and assess to what extent they correlate with established markers of endothelial damage: carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and pulse wave velocity (PWV). WHO/ISH, SCORE, FRS, ASCVD, QRISK2 and D:A:D scores were calculated for 279 Malawian adults presenting with HIV and low CD4. Correlation of the calculated 10year CVD risk score with IMT and PWV was assessed using Spearmans rho. The median (IQR) age of patients was 37 (31 to 43) years and 122 (44%) were female. Median (IQR) blood pressure was 120/73mmHg (108/68 to 128/80) and 88 (32%) study participants had a new diagnosis of hypertension. The FRS and QRISK2 scores included the largest number of participants in this cohort (96% and 100% respectively). D:A:D, a risk score specific for people living with HIV, identified more patients in moderate and high risk groups. Although all scores correlated well with physiological markers of endothelial damage, FRS and QRISK2 correlated most closely with both IMT [r2 0.51, p<0.0001 and r2 0.47, p<0.0001 respectively] and PWV [r2 0.47, p<0.0001 and r2 0.5, p<0.0001 respectively]. Larger cohort studies are required to adapt and validate risk prediction scores in this region, so that limited healthcare resources can be effectively targeted.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cardiovascular Risk Scores and Several Markers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in an Asymptomatic Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 955
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Mitu ◽  
Adrian Crisan ◽  
Simon Redwood ◽  
Ioan-Elian Cazacu-Davidescu ◽  
Ivona Mitu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Background: The current cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention guidelines prioritize risk stratification by using clinical risk scores. However, subclinical atherosclerosis may rest long term undetected. This study aimed to evaluate multiple subclinical atherosclerosis parameters in relation to several CV risk scores in asymptomatic individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional, single-center study included 120 asymptomatic CVD subjects. Four CVD risk scores were computed: SCORE, Framingham, QRISK, and PROCAM. Subclinical atherosclerosis has been determined by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic and brachial augmentation indexes (AIXAo, respectively AIXbr), aortic systolic blood pressure (SBPao), and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Results: The mean age was 52.01 ± 10.73 years. For cIMT—SCORE was more sensitive; for PWV—Framingham score was more sensitive; for AIXbr—QRISK and PROCAM were more sensitive while for AIXao—QRISK presented better results. As for SBPao—SCORE presented more sensitive results. However, ABI did not correlate with any CVD risk score. Conclusions: All four CV risk scores are associated with markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic population, except for ABI, with specific particularities for each CVD risk score. Moreover, we propose specific cut-off values of CV risk scores that may indicate the need for subclinical atherosclerosis assessment.

Abstract 276: Obesity Even Without Co-morbidity Harbors more Cardiovascular Structural and Functional Abnormalities than what you think! Time for Early CV Screening!

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfouz El Shahawy ◽  
Miglena Entcheva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Lipid Panel ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Group B

Purpose: To determine the extent of structural and functional cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities in asymptomatic obese subjects with and without untreated comorbidities. Methods: We evaluated 2174 consecutive asymptomatic subjects, age 25 to 80, who presented to our Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Assessment Center for CVD risk evaluation, utilizing Early CVD Risk Score [ECVDRS]. ECVDRS, also known as Rasmussen Risk Score (RRS), consists of 10 non-invasive tests: large (C1) and small artery (C2) stiffness, blood pressure (BP) at rest and post mild exercise (PME), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), abdominal aorta and left ventricular ultrasound, retinal photography, microalbuminuria, ECG, and pro-BNP. Fasting lipid panel and blood sugar were measured for each subject. Obesity was assessed using waist circumference measurement (> 35 inches for female and 40 inches for male). Co morbidities were defined as BP>140/90mmHg, LDL>130mg/dl, HDL<40 mg/dl for male and <50 mg/dl for female, TrG>150mg/dl, and FBS>100mg/dl. Results: Among the subjects screened 949(44%) met criteria for obesity, 458(48%) were not receiving any CV medications and were divided in two groups: A 100 subjects (22%) with no comorbidities (CM): 68 (68%) female and 32(32%) male; and group B - 358 subjects (78%) with CM: 199(56%) female and 159(44%) male. The presence of CVD abnormalities among the subjects in the different groups is shown in Picture 1. Conclusions: 1. Obesity is very prevalent disease in Sarasota County-close to 50% in our study. 2. Co morbidity superimposed on obesity did alter significantly the incidence of abnormal C2 and BP rise PME, while there was only slight increase in the incidence of CIMT abnormalities.3. Based on our data early evaluation for structural and functional cardiovascular abnormalities in obese subjects will help risk stratification and appropriate therapeutic intervention to delay or overt future catastrophic events

DAPSA, carotid plaque and cardiovascular events in psoriatic arthritis: a longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1326
Author(s):  
Steven Ho Man Lam ◽  
Isaac T Cheng ◽  
Edmund K Li ◽  
Priscilla Wong ◽  
Jolie Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽  
Cv Disease

ObjectiveTo examine whether Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) reflecting the inflammatory component of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) can predict cardiovascular (CV) events independent of traditional CV risk factors and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.MethodsA cohort analysis was performed in patients with PsA who had been followed since 2006. The outcome of interest was first CV event. Four different CV disease (CVD) risk scores and DAPSA were computed at baseline. The presence of carotid plaque (CP) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was also determined in a subgroup of patients using high-resolution ultrasound. The association between DAPSA, CVD risk scores, CP, CIMT and the occurrence of CV events was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.Results189 patients with PsA (mean age: 48.9 years; male: 104 (55.0%)) were recruited. After a median follow-up of 9.9 years, 27 (14.3%) patients developed a CV event. Higher DAPSA was significantly associated with an increased risk of developing CV events (HR: 1.04, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.08), p=0.009). The association remained significant after adjusting for all CV risk scores in the multivariable models. In the subgroup analysis, 154 patients underwent carotid ultrasound assessment and 23 (14.9%) of them experienced a CV event. CP was associated with increased risk of developing CV events after adjusting for three CV risk scores and DAPSA, with HR ranging from 2.35 to 3.42.ConclusionHigher DAPSA and the presence of CP could independently predict CVD events in addition to traditional CV risk scores in patients with PsA.

scholarly journals 615. Overlooking those at Intermediate Risk? ASCVD Prevention Measures among People Living with HIV at an Urban Academic Medical Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S367-S368
Author(s):  
Mark Liotta ◽  
Peter Cangialosi ◽  
Jeanne Ho ◽  
Diana Finkel ◽  
Shobha Swaminathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Guideline Adherence ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background The American College of Cardiology (ACC) recognizes HIV as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, 2019 guidelines do not address people living with HIV (PLWH), aside from stating that their Risk Estimator Plus tool, which is used to calculate a 10-year risk for ASCVD and advise management, likely underestimates CVD risk in PLWH. This quality assessment project examines rates of ACC guideline adherence for ASCVD prevention for PLWH who have calculated risk scores in the low (&lt; 7.5%), intermediate (&gt; 7.5% & &lt; 20%), and high-risk (&gt; 20%) ranges. Patients analyzed are from an HIV registry of University Hospital Infectious Disease Outpatient clinic in Newark, NJ. The clinic’s 2451 total patients are 40% female, 63% non-Hispanic black, 23% Hispanic, and 64% &gt; 45 years old. Methods This project was approved by the Rutgers IRB. Patients (40-79 years) with a clinic visit from 2/1/2019 to 1/31/2020 were reviewed. ASCVD risk scores were calculated using the Risk Estimator Plus for all patients when data was available. Guideline adherence rate was defined as following 2019 ACC guidelines for appropriate statin therapy, while considering medication interactions. Results Of the 1127 patients who met criteria, 744 ASCVD risk scores were calculated. Lipid values outside the calculator range (229) or no documented lipids (154) resulted in non-calculatable scores. Guideline adherence rate for the intermediate-risk group was significantly less than the high-risk and low-risk groups (P&lt; 0.05): low-risk 92.8% (95% CI 90.0-95.1, n=346), intermediate-risk 35.2% (95% CI 29.7-41.1, n=270), and high-risk 52.3% (95% CI 43.8-60.8, n=128). Adherence rates within the intermediate-risk group for patients with hypertension (HTN) and smokers were significantly less than those with CVD (P&lt; 0.05). Table 1: Patients with Calculated ASCVD Risk Score &gt; 20 for PLWH from 2/1/2019 – 1/31/2020 Table 2: Patients with Calculated ASCVD Risk Score &gt; 7.5 & &lt; 20 for PLWH from 2/1/2019 – 1/31/2020 Table 3: Patients with Calculated ASCVD Risk Score &lt; 7.5 for PLWH from 2/1/2019 – 1/31/2020 Conclusion Lower overall guideline adherence rates within the intermediate risk group, and particularly among those with a history of HTN and smoking, highlights the need for targeted care. Provider education on the calculation and application of ASCVD risk scores, as well as increased awareness of the risk-enhancing nature of HIV infection in coexistence with the traditional risk factors of CVD history, diabetes, HTN, and smoking are important steps to increase adherence rates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Relation of Steatosis to Neurocognitive Function in People Living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Marić ◽  
Snežana Brkić ◽  
Vojislava Bugarski Ignjatović ◽  
Željka Nikolaševic ◽  
Dalibor Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: In HIV negative population metabolic syndrome and steatosis are related to poorer neurocognitive (NC) performance. We investigated if similar relation exists in people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods:: We included male PLWH aged 20-65, with undetectable viral load for at least 6 months. Data on levels of education, anthropometric measurements, CD4 levels, ART, markers of metabolic syndrome, smoking and concurrent treatment were collected from database. Concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured. An ultrasound was used to establish the presence of steatosis, visceral fat thickness and carotid intima media thickness. An extensive NC assessment was done by an experienced neuropsychologist. Cognitive domains were defined as executive functions, divergent reasoning, visuo-constructional abilities, delayed recall and working memory and learning and were measured using a battery of 12 tests. Results: 88 PLWH were included (mean age 39,9 years), 51% on PIs, 46% on NNRTI; 20,4% had metabolic syndrome, 42% patients had steatosis. Weak but statistically significant negative correlations were found between the presence of metabolic syndrome, steatosis and VFT and cognitive domains (divergent reasoning, delayed recall and working memory). Poorer perfomrance in the domains of divergent reasoning and in the working memory were found in participants with steatosis (p=0,048 and 0,033 respectively). Conclusion: Although the sample size was relatively small, our results show consistent correlations between the observed neurocognitive variables and metabolic parameters. As central obesity is one of the contributors to NCI, it would be one of the modifiable factors to prevent further neurocognitive decline.

scholarly journals Moderate cardiovascular risk factor among Indonesian: do carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) predict further?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Rina Mawarti ◽  
Denny Suwanto ◽  
Johanes Nugroho Eko Putranto ◽  
Djoko Soemantri
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
The Impact

Determining management strategies in an individual with intermediate cardiovascular risk represent a great challenge. The impact of increased CIMT to improve estimated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score in individual at intermediate cardiovascular risk has not yet been fully elucidated. For this reason, we sought to determine the association between CIMT increment and incident of CVD. We conducted a longitudional retrospective cohort study involving 28 patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk (Framingham risk score 10% - 20%). Subjects with criteria fulfillment had their data collected through history taking, physical examination, and CIMT re-measurement using echocardiography. Bivariate analysis with regression logistic showed significant correlation between increased CIMT with CVD event (p=0.016). CIMT measurement is a plausible noninvasive method to predict subclinical cardiovascular disease to further promote more aggressive management.

scholarly journals Contribution of Human Herpesvirus 8 and Herpes Simplex Type 2 to Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in People Living With HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Lidón ◽  
Sergio Padilla ◽  
Jose A García ◽  
Marta Fernández ◽  
Javier García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a lymphotropic and vasculotropic herpesvirus with potential pro-atherogenic effects. We explored the influence of coinfection with HHV-8 and other herpesviruses on the rate of progression of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods Prospective cohort study including men who have sex with men (MSM) infected with HIV. At the baseline visit, IgG antibodies against HHV-8 and other herpesviruses, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, and Framingham risk scores were measured. To evaluate the progression of cIMT, successive measurements with high-resolution carotid artery ultrasound were performed over an 8-year period. Adjusted general linear mixed models were used to assess factors associated with faster cIMT progression. Results One hundred forty-one participants with suppressed HIV-RNA (&lt;200 copies/mL) at cIMT measurement during the study period were included. Forty-six (31.3%) were coinfected with HHV-8 and 76 (54%) with herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2). Factors associated with faster cIMT progression adjusting for CD4 cell counts, time between cIMT measurements, hepatitis C, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus coinfection were seropositivity for HHV-8 (P = .059), HSV-2+HHV-8 coinfection (P = .027), Framingham risk score (P = .057), and hsCRP (P = .027). Coinfection with HHV-8 was independently associated with higher levels of hsCRP (odds ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.17; P = .016). When hsCRP and HHV-8 were simultaneously included in the adjusted model, the relationship of HHV-8 with cIMT progression was attenuated. Conclusions HHV-8 might contribute to progression of cIMT with a more prominent role when it coinfects with HHV-2 in virologically suppressed PLWH, and this effect could be driven by systemic inflammation.

Myocardial fibrosis and inflammation are predictors of heart failure outcomes in people living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Arendt ◽  
P De Leuw ◽  
A Haberl ◽  
C Stephan ◽  
M Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
T2 Mapping ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Native T1 ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLWH) have higher prevalence of heart failure (HF), which cannot be fully related to traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor&lt; or coronary artery disease. Tissue characterisation by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), such as with T1 and T2 mapping, is a unique diagnostic approach to provide non-invasive insights into the underlying myocardial pathophysiology. Purpose To examine prognostic associations of CMR measures, conventional and modified CVD risk scores with HF outcome in PLWH on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods Consecutive PLWH underwent prospectively standardized evaluation of HF using CMR, risk scores and blood markers. CMR protocol included T1 and T2 mapping, perfusion and scar imaging. MAGGIC, Framingham and D:A:D risk scores were collected. Primary HF endpoint was defined as hospitalization or mortality due to HF, and time-to-even analysis from the index CMR to the first event per patient was performed. Results 141 PLWH (61% males, 48.0 [40.1–54.6] years, CD4 count 655 [411–909] cells/μl) were included. 16 HF events were observed (12 hospitalizations and 4 deaths) during a median follow-up of 13 [9–16] months. Baseline myocardial native T1, T2, left ventricular volumes and troponin were significant univariate predictors of the HF endpoint. The only signifcant (p&lt;0.001) independent predictor in the multivariate analysis was myocardial native T1 (T1 ≥4 SD, HR (95% CI): 5.0 [1.8–13.4]). Conventional and modified CVD risk scores showed no prognostic association with HF outcomes. Conclusions Our results show that presence and severity of myocardial inflammation and predominantly diffuse fibrosis detected by T2 and T1 mapping strongly relates to HF events in contrast to conventional and traditional CVD risk scores. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)

Prevalence and risk of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in the global population with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242097285
Author(s):  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Yongle Zhan ◽  
Yu Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Population

The current evidence regarding the prevalence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (SCA) for people living with HIV(PLWH) is inconsistent. In this study, we aimed to synthesize data on the prevalence and association of SCA patients with HIV infection. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Medline, SinoMed, and CNKI from inception to March 2, 2020. The pooled proportion, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. For inclusion, SCA was measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), with a B-mode ultrasound machine. Twenty-six studies consisting of 6590 participants were identified. The overall prevalence of SCA was 31.6% (95% CI 13.4‐53.3; I2 = 99%; 4 studies) according to CIMT ≥ 0.78 mm criteria, and 32.3% (19.6‐46.4; 97%; 10 studies) according to CIMT ≥ 0.90 mm criteria. SCA prevalence was higher in Europe, over 40 years old and male. What’s more, PLWH have a higher likelihood of developing SCA comorbidity than HIV-negative controls (pooled OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.57‐4.50, I2 = 74%; 9 studies), even after sensitivity analysis (pooled OR 2.58, 1.54‐4.31, 73%). This study suggests a high prevalence and risk of SCA in the global population with HIV. As a result, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis deserves more attention from policymakers, HIV health-care providers, researchers, and stakeholders.

scholarly journals Impact of switching to TAF/FTC/RPV, TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi and ABC/3TC/DTG on cardiovascular risk and lipid profile in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Giacomelli ◽  
Federico Conti ◽  
Laura Pezzati ◽  
Letizia Oreni ◽  
Anna Lisa Ridolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the overall cardiovascular and metabolic effect of the switch to three different single tablet regimens (STRs) [tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine/rilpivirine (TAF/FTC/RPV), TAF/FTC/elvitegravir/cobi (TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi) and ABC/lamivudine/dolutegravir (ABC/3TC/DTG)] in a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) under effective ART. Methods All PLWH aged above 18 years on antiretroviral treatment with an HIV-RNA < 50 cp/mL at the time of the switch to TAF/FTC/RPV, TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi and ABC/3TC/DTG were retrospectively included in the analysis. Framingham risk score modification after 12 months from the switch such as lipid profile and body weight modification were assessed. The change from baseline to 12 months in mean cardiovascular risk and body weight in each of the STR’s group were assessed by means of Wilcoxon signed-rank test whereas a mixed regression model was used to assess variation in lipid levels. Results Five-hundred and sixty PLWH were switched to an STR regimen of whom 170 (30.4%) to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi, 191 (34.1%) to TAF/FTC/RPV and 199 (35.5%) to ABC/3TC/DTG. No difference in the Framingham cardiovascular risk score was observed after 12 months from the switch in each of the STR’s groups. No significant overtime variation in mean total cholesterol levels from baseline to 12 months was observed for PLWH switched to ABC/3TC/DTG [200 (SD 38) mg/dl vs 201 (SD 35) mg/dl; p = 0.610] whereas a significant increment was observed in PLWH switched to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi [192 (SD 34) mg/dl vs 208 (SD 40) mg/dl; p < 0.0001] and TAF/FTC/RPV [187 (SD 34) mg/dl vs 195 (SD 35) mg/dl; p = 0.027]. In addition, a significant variation in the mean body weight from baseline to 12 months was observed in PLWH switched to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi [72.2 (SD 13.5) kilograms vs 74.6 (SD 14.3) kilograms; p < 0.0001] and TAF/FTC/RPV [73.4 (SD 11.6) kilograms vs 75.6 (SD 11.8) kilograms; p < 0.0001] whereas no difference was observed in those switched to ABC/3TC/DTG [71.5 (SD 12.8) kilograms vs 72.1 (SD 12.6) kilograms; p = 0.478]. Conclusion No difference in the cardiovascular risk after 1 year from the switch to these STRs were observed. PLWH switched to TAF/FTC/EVG/cobi and TAF/FTC/RPV showed an increase in total cholesterol levels and body weight 12 months after the switch.

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