scholarly journals Modular, robust and extendible multicellular circuit design in yeast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carignano ◽  
Dai Hua Chen ◽  
Cannon Mallory ◽  
Clay Wright ◽  
Georg Seelig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Bistable Switch ◽  
Target Behaviors ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Band Pass ◽  
Molecular Signals ◽  
Cellular Circuits ◽  
Computational Predictions

Division of labor between cells is ubiquitous in biology but the use of multi-cellular consortia for engineering applications is only beginning to be explored. A significant advantage of multi-cellular circuits is their potential to be modular with respect to composition but this claim has not yet been extensively tested using experiments and quantitative modeling. Here, we construct a library of 24 yeast strains capable of sending, receiving or responding to three molecular signals, characterize them experimentally and build quantitative models of their input-output relationships. We then compose these strains into two- and three-strain cascades as well a four-strain bistable switch and show that experimentally measured consortia dynamics can be predicted from the models of the constituent parts. To further explore the achievable range of behaviors, we perform a fully automated computational search over all two-, three- and four-strain consortia to identify combinations that realize target behaviors including logic gates, band-pass filters and time pulses. Strain combinations that are predicted to map onto a target behavior are further computationally optimized and then experimentally tested. Experiments closely track computational predictions. The high reliability of these model descriptions further strengthens the feasibility and highlights the potential for distributed computing in synthetic biology.

scholarly journals GateRL: Automated Circuit Design Framework of CMOS Logic Gates Using Reinforcement Learning

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Hyoungsik Nam ◽  
Young In Kim ◽  
Jina Bae ◽  
Junhee Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Connection Matrix ◽  
Design Framework ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
Learning Speed ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
Automated Circuit Design ◽  
Circuit Configuration

This paper proposes a GateRL that is an automated circuit design framework of CMOS logic gates based on reinforcement learning. Because there are constraints in the connection of circuit elements, the action masking scheme is employed. It also reduces the size of the action space leading to the improvement on the learning speed. The GateRL consists of an agent for the action and an environment for state, mask, and reward. State and reward are generated from a connection matrix that describes the current circuit configuration, and the mask is obtained from a masking matrix based on constraints and current connection matrix. The action is given rise to by the deep Q-network of 4 fully connected network layers in the agent. In particular, separate replay buffers are devised for success transitions and failure transitions to expedite the training process. The proposed network is trained with 2 inputs, 1 output, 2 NMOS transistors, and 2 PMOS transistors to design all the target logic gates, such as buffer, inverter, AND, OR, NAND, and NOR. Consequently, the GateRL outputs one-transistor buffer, two-transistor inverter, two-transistor AND, two-transistor OR, three-transistor NAND, and three-transistor NOR. The operations of these resultant logics are verified by the SPICE simulation.

Improved Bond reliability through the use of Auxiliary Wires (Security Bumps and Stand-Off Stitch)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (1) ◽  
pp. 000474-000478 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J Rasmussen ◽  
Rodney Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wire Loop ◽  
The Wire ◽  
Die Bonding ◽  
Lower Loop ◽  
Major Impediment

Whether the need is due to poorly bondable materials, non-flat bonding surfaces, odd packaging situations, or just the need for high reliability; the integrity of a wire bond interconnect can usually be greatly improved through the proper use of Auxiliary Wires. Auxiliary Wires are defined as Security Wires, Security Bumps, or Stand-Off Stitch (aka Stitch on Bump). The old stand-by Security Wire has been an asset for several decades, however, this is being replaced by Security Bumps which require a smaller second bond termination area. Further, Stand-Off Stitch (SOS) has many more applications and also has many side benefits that could be incorporated into a circuit design for better wire strength properties, fewer interconnects (die to die bonding), and lower loops. Stand-Off Stitch bonding involves the placement of a ball bump at one end of the wire interconnect, then placing a wire with another ball at the other end of the interconnect and stitching off the wire on the previous placed ball bump. This results in a near homogeneous stitch bond interconnect to the bump with an inherent improvement in stitch bond pull strength. Another use for SOS is Reverse Bonding (Stitch bond on bump on die bond pad) often resulting in a lower loop profile than standard forward wire loop and the loop is stronger because the wire hasn't been work annealed above the ball (in the Heat Affected Zone). A major impediment to the implementation of SOS is the retraining of visual inspectors and the approval of quality departments.

Design and Realization of Tracking Autopilot for Leisure Yacht

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 1333-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Shun Wang ◽  
Hai Rong Xiao ◽  
Yao Zhen Han
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Software Design ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Automatic Steering ◽  
Control Principle ◽  
Schematic Circuit

On the basis of the autopilot control principle and the STM32F103RBT6 controller, an tracking autopilot for the leisure yacht was designed with manual steering and automatic steering function in this paper. The schematic circuit design and software design were detailedly described. Practical application confirmed that the autopilot has high reliability and good steering performance.

scholarly journals Symmetric stacked fast binary counters based on reversible logic

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2747
Author(s):  
C Santhi ◽  
Dr. Moparthy Gurunadha Babu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Power Dissipation ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Digital Circuit ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Reversible Logic ◽  
Binary Counter ◽  
Reversible Logic Gates

A Symmetric Stacked Fast Binary counter design is proposed in this paper. In the circuit design, the first phase is occupied by 3-bit stacking circuits, which are further followed by combining circuits. The resultant novel circuit thus becomes a 6-bit stacker. A 6:3 counter has been chosen as an example to demonstrate the working of the proposed circuit. The proposed circuit is further implemented by using reversible logic gates. Heat dissipation is a major problem in the designing of a digital circuit. Rolf Landauer has proved that the information loss in a digital circuit is directly proportional to the energy dissipation. The proposed modified Symmetric Stacking counter is implemented using reversible logic gates thus reducing the power dissipation of the circuit. 

Function Expansion of a Chaotic Logic Unit

2010 ◽  
Vol 171-172 ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Yi Yan Sheng ◽  
Wen Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Circuit Design ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Logic Gate ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Control Voltage ◽  
Computing Unit ◽  
Nor Gate ◽  
The Impact

Chaos computing is a new circuit design scheme of using chaos computing units to achieve reconfigurable logic gates. The computing unit can function as different kinds of logic gates by changing external parameters. In this paper, the possibilities of expanding the function of a chaotic NOR gate proposed in the literature is studied. The numerical model for the circuit design was built by constructing differential equations fit for Matlab integration mechanism. Besides, numerical model for integrator saturation was built to make results of numerical simulation conform to that of circuit simulation. Analysis of the impact of integrator saturation was done. With the analysis and by changing the control voltage, NAND function was expanded for the original chaotic logic gate that was only able to function as a NOR gate. By adding the function control signal to the input end and setting the voltage of it to different levels, the computing unit becomes a real time reconfigurable one.

High-speed, high-reliability circuit design for megabit DRAM

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1171-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gillingham ◽  
R.C. Foss ◽  
V. Lines ◽  
G. Shimokura ◽  
T. Wojcicki
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Reliability

scholarly journals A Synthetic Microbial Operational Amplifier

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Zeng ◽  
Jaewook Kim ◽  
Areen Banerjee ◽  
Rahul Sarpeshkar
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Operational Amplifier ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Output Stage ◽  
Cellular Circuits ◽  
Differential Transcription ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractSynthetic biology has created oscillators, latches, logic gates, logarithmically linear circuits, and load drivers that have electronic analogs in living cells. The ubiquitous operational amplifier, which allows circuits to operate robustly and precisely has not been built with bio-molecular parts. As in electronics, a biological operational-amplifier could greatly improve the predictability of circuits despite noise and variability, a problem that all cellular circuits face. Here, we show how to create a synthetic 3-stage inducer-input operational amplifier with a differential transcription-factor stage, a CRISPR-based push-pull stage, and an enzymatic output stage with just 5 proteins including dCas9. Our ‘Bio-OpAmp’ expands the toolkit of fundamental circuits available to bioengineers or biologists, and may shed insight into biological systems that require robust and precise molecular homeostasis and regulation.One Sentence SummaryA synthetic bio-molecular operational amplifier that can enable robust, precise, and programmable homeostasis and regulation in living cells with just 5 protein parts is described.

Evolving Fault Tolerant System Based on FPGA

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 819-823
Author(s):  
Jia Nan Lou ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Design Method ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Dynamically Reconfigurable ◽  
Dc Motor Control ◽  
Motor Control System ◽  
Adaptive Circuit ◽  
Circuit Function ◽  
Control Part

In order to overcome the single event function interrupt and SA failure, this paper proposes and implements a new way to design circuit, i.e. dynamically reconfigurable adaptive circuit design method. We load a Microblaze which is a soft CPU in FPGA as a motion control part of the circuit, as well as use some place of FPGA as evolution pool to find target circuit. Microblaze known input and the corresponding output applies genetic algorithm to search evolution pool. Depend on it, we successfully design and implement a DC Motor control system, besides, we carry out theoretical analysis on this circuit reliability and simulate circuit function repair test of SA fault, the result demonstrates that compared with the traditional circuit, this circuit and has a high reliability.

The Application and the Driver Design of Double Axis Step-Drive Electromotor in the Motorcycle Meter

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 594-599
Author(s):  
San Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Drive Mode ◽  
Driver Circuit ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Good Repeatability ◽  
Step Drive ◽  
Double Index

The traditional motorcycle meters are driven by the separate motors, these devices are simple and easy to be controlled, stable performance, but dial space has not been fully utilized. This paper introduces the double index show of motorcycle speed and speed，focus on analysis of dual-axis stepper motor driven connections, drive mode and the driver circuit design. The results of experiment and application shows that the coaxial two-pointer motorcycle display instrument has good repeatability, good linear scale, fast response, no jitter, high reliability and relatively small size and many other advantages, instrumentation stepper motor driver with dual-axis motor instrument design meet the relevant requirements of motorcycle meter, can be easily to achieve motor servo system driven synchronous control of double axis step-drive electromotor.

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