scholarly journals A New Perspective on the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Sleep Deprivation-Related Consequences: Can Curcumin Help?

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽  
Hilal Bardakcı ◽  
Çiğdem Yücel ◽  
Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak ◽  
Büşra Karpuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain

Sleep disturbances, as well as sleep-wake rhythm disorders, are characteristic symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) that may head the other clinical signs of this neurodegenerative disease. Age-related structural and physiological changes in the brain lead to changes in sleep patterns. Conditions such as AD affect the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, locus coeruleus, and the hypothalamus, thus changing the sleep-wake cycle. Sleep disorders likewise adversely affect the course of the disease. Since the sleep quality is important for the proper functioning of the memory, impaired sleep is associated with problems in the related areas of the brain that play a key role in learning and memory functions. In addition to synthetic drugs, utilization of medicinal plants has become popular in the treatment of neurological diseases. Curcuminoids, which are in a diarylheptanoid structure, are the main components of turmeric. Amongst them, curcumin has multiple applications in treatment regimens of various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and aging. Besides, curcumin has been reported to be effective in different types of neurodegenerative diseases. Scientific studies exclusively showed that curcumin leads significant improvements in the pathological process of AD. Yet, its low solubility hence low bioavailability is the main therapeutic limitation of curcumin. Although previous studies have focused different types of advanced nanoformulations of curcumin, new approaches are needed to solve the solubility problem. This review summarizes the available scientific data, as reported by the most recent studies describing the utilization of curcumin in the treatment of AD and sleep deprivation-related consequences.

scholarly journals Probable Causes of Alzheimer’s Disease

Sci ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
James David Adams
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

A three-part mechanism is proposed for the induction of Alzheimer’s disease: (1) decreased blood lactic acid; (2) increased blood ceramide and adipokines; (3) decreased blood folic acid. The age-related nature of these mechanisms comes from age-associated decreased muscle mass, increased visceral fat and changes in diet. This mechanism also explains why many people do not develop Alzheimer’s disease. Simple changes in lifestyle and diet can prevent Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease is caused by a cascade of events that culminates in damage to the blood–brain barrier and damage to neurons. The blood–brain barrier keeps toxic molecules out of the brain and retains essential molecules in the brain. Lactic acid is a nutrient to the brain and is produced by exercise. Damage to endothelial cells and pericytes by inadequate lactic acid leads to blood–brain barrier damage and brain damage. Inadequate folate intake and oxidative stress induced by activation of transient receptor potential cation channels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase damage the blood–brain barrier. NAD depletion due to inadequate intake of nicotinamide and alterations in the kynurenine pathway damages neurons. Changes in microRNA levels may be the terminal events that cause neuronal death leading to Alzheimer’s disease. A new mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease induction is presented involving lactic acid, ceramide, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, folate, nicotinamide, kynurenine metabolites and microRNA.

scholarly journals Inverse Correlation Between Alzheimer’s Disease and Cancer: Short Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zabłocka ◽  
Wioletta Kazana ◽  
Marta Sochocka ◽  
Bartłomiej Stańczykiewicz ◽  
Maria Janusz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Common Risk Factors

AbstractThe negative association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer suggests that susceptibility to one disease may protect against the other. When biological mechanisms of AD and cancer and relationship between them are understood, the unsolved problem of both diseases which still touches the growing human population could be overcome. Actual information about biological mechanisms and common risk factors such as chronic inflammation, age-related metabolic deregulation, and family history is presented here. Common signaling pathways, e.g., p53, Wnt, role of Pin1, and microRNA, are discussed as well. Much attention is also paid to the potential impact of chronic viral, bacterial, and fungal infections that are responsible for the inflammatory pathway in AD and also play a key role to cancer development. New data about common mechanisms in etiopathology of cancer and neurological diseases suggests new therapeutic strategies. Among them, the use of nilotinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, protein kinase C, and bexarotene is the most promising.

scholarly journals Magnetic Nanoparticles as In Vivo Tracers for Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Bhargy Sharma ◽  
Konstantin Pervushin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Drug formulations and suitable methods for their detection play a very crucial role in the development of therapeutics towards degenerative neurological diseases. For diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive clinical technique suitable for early diagnosis. In this review, we will discuss the different experimental conditions which can push MRI as the technique of choice and the gold standard for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Here, we describe and compare various techniques for administration of nanoparticles targeted to the brain and suitable formulations of nanoparticles for use as magnetically active therapeutic probes in drug delivery targeting the brain. We explore different physiological pathways involved in the transport of such nanoparticles for successful entry in the brain. In our lab, we have used different formulations of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and protein nanocages as contrast agents in anatomical MRI of an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain. We compare these coatings and their benefits to provide the best contrast in addition to biocompatibility properties to be used as sustainable drug-release systems. In the later sections, the contrast enhancement techniques in MRI studies are discussed. Examples of contrast-enhanced imaging using advanced pulse sequences are discussed with the main focus on important studies in the field of neurological diseases. In addition, T1 contrast agents such as gadolinium chelates are compared with the T2 contrast agents mainly made of superparamagnetic inorganic metal nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Osmotin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles with electromagnetic guidance for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Nanoscale ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (30) ◽  
pp. 10619-10632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Ul Amin ◽  
Ali Kafash Hoshiar ◽  
Ton Duc Do ◽  
Yeongil Noh ◽  
Shahid Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Amyloid Beta ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Electromagnetic Guidance ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-related neurodegenerative disease, pathologically characterized by the accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain.

scholarly journals he amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: past and present, hopes and disappointments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
I. V. Litvinenko ◽  
A. Yu. Emelin ◽  
V. Yu. Lobzin ◽  
K. A. Kolmakova ◽  
K. M. Naumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Amyloid Hypothesis ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Protein Overproduction ◽  
The Brain

In 1887, S.A. Belyakov, a physician of the Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy, first described amyloid deposits in the brain of patients with dementia. Later, in 1906, A. Alzheimer revealed amyloid plaques and tau tangles in a patient with clinical signs of dementia. Over the following 100 years, the development of the concept of the amyloid origin of Alzheimer's disease (AD) confirmed numerous relationships between the brain accumulation of APs and cognitive decline. And if at the beginning of the amyloid era many researchers considered that the disease was caused by amyloid beta (Aβ) protein overproduction, in recent years they have increasingly pointed to a defect in the mechanisms of Aβ clearance, especially after the discovery of the lymphatic system of the brain. The role of disturbed homeostasis of redox-active metals, primarily iron and copper, in the development of the disease is also considered.The amyloid hypothesis of AD has served as the basis for several areas in the design of drugs, such as secretase inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs for active and passive immunization. However, only one drug (Akatinol memantine, an inhibitor of NMDA receptors and glutamatergic excitotoxicity) for the treatment of AD has been introduced into clinical practice over the past 20 years. Of interest are the data obtained in new studies of Akatinol memantine, which suggest that the latter is able to some extent affect the main pathophysiological processes underlying the development of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer-type pathology. 

scholarly journals Elevated age-related cortical iron, ferritin and amyloid plaques in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

2019 ◽  
pp. S445-S451 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Svobodová ◽  
D. Kosnáč ◽  
Z. Balázsiová ◽  
H. Tanila ◽  
P.O. Miettinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Amyloid Plaque ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Important Marker

Iron is very important element for functioning of the brain. Its concentration changes with aging the brain or during disease. The aim of our work was the histological examination of content of ferritin and free iron (unbound) in brain cortex in association with Aβ plaques from their earliest stages of accumulation in amyloid plaque forming APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Light microscopy revealed the onset of plaques formation at 8-monthage. Detectable traces of free iron and no ferritin were found around plaques at this age, while the rate of their accumulation in and around Aβ plaques was elevated at 13 months of age. Ferritin accumulated mainly on the edge of Aβ plaques, while the smaller amount of free iron was observed in the plaque-free tissue, as well as in and around Aβ plaques. We conclude that free iron and ferritin accumulation follows the amyloid plaques formation. Quantification of cortical iron and ferritin content can be an important marker in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.

The Mechanical Cause of Age-Related Dementia (Alzheimer's Disease): The Brain is Destroyed by the Pulse

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Stone ◽  
Daniel M. Johnstone ◽  
John Mitrofanis ◽  
Michael O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: Multitargeting Strategy Based on Anti-Alzheimer's Drugs Repositioning

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (33) ◽  
pp. 3519-3535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tanvir Kabir ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Mst. Marium Begum ◽  
Shanmugam Thangapandiyan ◽  
Md. Sohanur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Improvement ◽  
Ache Inhibition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Brain Acetylcholine ◽  
The Brain

: In the brain, acetylcholine (ACh) is regarded as one of the major neurotransmitters. During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly feasible target for the symptomatic improvement of AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvement in AD because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibiting peripheral AChE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AChE inhibition was a reachable therapeutic target. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have been continued to be developed. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper, we summarize the different types of ChEIs which are under development and their respective mechanisms of actions.

Expression of CD40 in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurological diseases

2000 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Togo ◽  
Haruhiko Akiyama ◽  
Hiromi Kondo ◽  
Kenji Ikeda ◽  
Masanori Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Promise and Challenge: The Lens Model as a Biomarker for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Tian ◽  
Boai Zhang ◽  
Yanjie Jia ◽  
Zhaoming Li
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Lens Model ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Protein Deposits ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia pathologically characterized by cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition. Early and accurate diagnosis of the disease still remains a big challenge. There is evidence that Aβaggregation starts to occur years before symptoms arise. Noninvasive monitoring of Aβplaques is critical for both the early diagnosis and prognosis of AD. Presently, there is a major effort on looking for a reasonably priced technology capable of diagnosing AD by detecting the presence of Aβ. Studies suggest that AD is systemic rather than brain-limited focus diseases and the aggregation of the disease-causing proteins also takes place in lens except the brain. There is a possible relationship between AD and a specific subtype of age-related cataract (supranuclear cataract). If similar abnormal protein deposits are present in the lens, it would facilitate non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. However, there are controversies on the issues related to performance and validation of Aβdeposition in lens as biomarkers for early detection of AD. Here we review the recent findings concerning Aβdeposition in the lenses of AD patients and evaluate if the ocular lens can provide a biomarker for AD.

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