scholarly journals Does Market Interaction Erode Moral Values?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Bartling ◽  
Ernst Fehr ◽  
Yagiz Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Market Interaction ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Influential Paper

The widespread use of markets leads to unprecedented material well-being in many societies. We study whether market interaction, as a side effect, erodes moral values. In an influential paper, Falk and Szech (2013) provide experimental data that seem to suggest that “market interaction erodes moral values.” Although we replicate their main treatment effect, we show that additional treatments are necessary to corroborate their conclusion. These treatments reveal that playing repeatedly, and not market interaction, causes the erosion of moral values. Our paper thus shows that neither Falk and Szech's data nor our data support the claim that markets erode morals.

Nadaplatin or cisplatin combined with paclitaxol in treating non-small cell lung cancer: A randomized controlled study

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7689-7689
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
G. Xu ◽  
Z. Guan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Nsclc Patients

7689 Background: Nadaplatin is a 2nd generation platinum compound created in Japan. It also has been used in China for recent years and shown treatment effect in several kinds of cancer including lung cancer. However, no randomized clinical trial has been done compared with cisplatin when combined with paclitaxol in treating non-small cell lung cancer. This prospective clinical study is to investigate the treatment effect, long term survival, side effect and quality of life (QOL) of NSCLC patients treated with nadaplatin combined with paclitaxol controlled with cisplatin combined with paclitaxol. Methods: NSCLC patients with stage IIIB or IV were randomized into two groups: TN group- nadaplatin 30 mg/m2 d1–3, paclitaxol 175 mg/m2 d1, repeated every 4 weeks; TP group- DDP30 mg/m2 d1–3, paclitaxol 175 mg/m2 d1, repeated every 4 weeks. The treatment effect, 1 and 2 year survival and the side effect were observed. The functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung (FACT-L) was used to evaluate the quality of life (QOL). Results: Sixty patients were enrolled and 57 were assessable with 30 in TN group and 27 in TP group. The overall response rate were 43.3% vs 48.1% (P=0.716), and the disease control rate were 86.7% vs 88.8% in TN and TP group (P=0.799), respectively. The median survival time were 14.3 vs 13.0 months, and the 1 and 2 year survival were 62.5% vs 59.1%, 0% vs 5.8% in TN and TP group (P=0.839), respectively. Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were similar in TN and TP group whereas more patients in TP group suffered from anemia (38.5% vs 17.5%, P=0.001), nausea and vomiting (68.0% vs 34.7% with grade 1 and 2, 14.6% vs 0.9% with grade 3 and 4, P=0.000), fatigue (35.9% vs 14.1% P=0.000) and peripheral neurotoxicity (50.0% vs 21.9%, calculated by case, p=0.023). In the FACT-L assessment, the relationship with doctor, the emotional well-being and the lung cancer related symptom were similarly improved in both TN and TP group whereas physical well-being was improved only in TN group. Conclusions: Nadaplatin combined with paclitaxol is an effective treatment regimen for NSCLC patients. When compared with similar regimen using cisplatin, the response rate and survival were similar; however, nadaplatin regimen shows superiority in some aspects of side effects and QOL. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Older adults’ philanthropic crafting of face masks during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Guy Schnittka
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Front Line Workers

During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, people of all ages began sewing fabric face masks. Organized through separate grassroots movements, oftentimes using social media platforms, people pooled their resources to make masks for front line workers and others in desperate need. While some people sold these face masks, many participated in philanthropic crafting, donating them to hospitals and other health care centres. Older adults were identified early on as being particularly vulnerable to the effects of the virus, and so their response to mitigate the impacts of the pandemic through crafting was salient. This study investigated the experience of philanthropic hand crafting by older adults who were living through the COVID-19 pandemic. Twenty-seven older adults of age 60–87 who sewed masks for others were interviewed. A comprehensive data analysis of these interviews yielded 39 descriptive codes that were collapsed into eight themes: emotions, engagement, meaning, relationships, accomplishment, intellect, moral values and agency. One finding was that there were psychological, relational and existential benefits for the crafters. Making masks allowed participants to help other people, and it gave the participants a feeling of value, worthiness and purpose. Additionally, participants felt more in control in a chaotic world as they made masks to protect themselves, their loved ones, as well as strangers. The philanthropic crafting enhanced older adults’ well-being in many ways, and lessons learned from this study could be extended into ‘normal times’. For example, more older adults would be able to participate in craft-based philanthropy if they had access to the tools and materials. They would be more motivated if they received thank you notes and pictures of the recipients using their handmade gifts, and if they could express their creativity more. Finally, creating a physical or virtual community for older adults around craft philanthropy would help older adults feel more connected to and supported by their peers, and the community at large.

DOMINANT SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES OF CADET DEPARTMENTAL UNIVERSITY (EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EXPERIENCE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
N.P. POLIVAEVA ◽  
◽  
A.R. BERENOV ◽  
A.P. SHUMAROV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Actual Reality ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Spiritual Potential

The purpose of the article is to present the results of a sociological survey on the formation of spiritual and moral values of cadet youth. The object of the study was the cadets of the Faculty of Law and Engineering and Technology, whose age ranged from 18 to 22 years. The representative sample, in addition to the age and profile of the faculty, also took into account such socio-demographic characteristics as gender. The key features of the spiritual potential of future officers of the Federal Penitentiary Service are revealed, in particular, the combination of adherence to traditional values with the strengthening of individualism, their own well-being and self-development. Such an important feature of youth perception of actual reality as a certain lack of a sense of security, fear of an increase in crime, unemployment and the possibility of war is recorded. The authors note that cadets are characterized by adherence to traditional life values, one way or another intertwined with a certain increase in individualism, their own well-being and self-development, which reflects modern global and Russian trends.

Bounding Treatment Effects with Contaminated and Censored Data: Assessing the Impact of Early Childbearing on Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Censored Data ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Teenage Mothers ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
First Birth ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEmpirical researchers commonly invoke instrumental variable (IV) assumptions to identify treatment effects. This paper considers what can be learned under two specific violations of those assumptions: contaminated and corrupted data. Either of these violations prevents point identification, but sharp bounds of the treatment effect remain feasible. In an applied example, random miscarriages are an IV for women’s age at first birth. However, the inability to separate random miscarriages from behaviorally induced miscarriages (those caused by smoking and drinking) results in a contaminated sample. Furthermore, censored child outcomes produce a corrupted sample. Despite these limitations, the bounds demonstrate that delaying the age at first birth for the current population of non-black teenage mothers reduces their first-born child’s well-being.

scholarly journals Conceptual Usage of Systems Dynamics in Patients Rehabilitation Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Tudor Irimiaș ◽  
Giuseppe Carbone ◽  
Adrian Pîslă
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Systems Dynamics ◽  
Rehabilitation Management ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Brain

The essence of social sciences is well encompassed in Green’s (2006) quote “People were created to be loved. Things were created to be used. The reason why the world is in chaos is because things are being loved and people are being used. ” For this reason, social sciences are important, as major research paradigm on how and why individuals interrelate. The aim of the actual research is to look for a conceptual approach activity, as part of a larger project focused on individual rehabilitation. The brain is trained to react to the stimulus and command a behavior. The premise, for the considered approach, is understanding the social sciences as revealing the individuals interests for self conscience, well being and moral values and drawing the line to it’s importance for governments authorities, policymakers or NGO’s.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL MAXIMIZATION AND COALITION GOVERNMENT FORMATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 407-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROD GARRATT ◽  
JAMES E. PARCO ◽  
CHENG-ZHONG QIN ◽  
AMNON RAPOPORT
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Winning Coalition ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Dominated Strategies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Minimal Winning Coalitions ◽  
Unique Potential

A model of coalition government formation is presented in which inefficient, non-minimal winning coalitions may form in Nash equilibrium. Predictions for five games are presented and tested experimentally. The experimental data support potential maximization as a refinement of Nash equilibrium. In particular, the data support the prediction that non-minimal winning coalitions occur when the distance between policy positions of the parties is small relative to the value of forming the government. These conditions hold in games 1, 3, 4 and 5, where subjects played their unique potential-maximizing strategies 91, 52, 82 and 84 percent of the time, respectively. In the remaining game (Game 2) experimental data support the prediction of a minimal winning coalition. Players A and B played their unique potential-maximizing strategies 84 and 86 percent of the time, respectively, and the predicted minimal-winning government formed 92 percent of the time (all strategy choices for player C conform with potential maximization in Game 2). In Games 1, 2, 4 and 5 over 98 percent of the observed Nash equilibrium outcomes were those predicted by potential maximization. Other solution concepts including iterated elimination of weakly dominated strategies and strong/coalition-proof Nash equilibrium are also tested.

scholarly journals Profit over People? Evaluating Morality on the Front Line during the COVID-19 Crisis: A Front-Line Service Manager’s Confession and Regrets

2020 ◽  
pp. 095001702097156
Author(s):  
Anastasios Hadjisolomou ◽  
Sam Simone
Keyword(s):  
Moral Economy ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
Organizational Policies

This article gives voice to a front-line manager in food retailing, discussing her experiences during the COVID-19 outbreak which, overnight, became an ‘essential service’, leaving employees exposed to the virus. The article utilizes the ‘moral economy’ framework to understand how organizational policies, which were developed by senior management and implemented by front-line managers, denied human flourishing and well-being during a period of socio-economic crisis. The article captures the complexity of morality in organizations across managerial levels. Questioning the morality of managerial decisions during the pandemic and emphasizing how these are driven by the intense competition in the market, it reveals that front-line managers are caught between conflicting moral values and expectations. This study contributes to the ‘moral economy’ framework suggesting that the structural constraints of front-line managerial authority have challenged their moral values and narrowed the space for safe and meaningful work and well-being for front-line managers and employees.

scholarly journals Treatment Interactions with Nonexperimental Data in Stata

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham K. Brown ◽  
Thanos Mergoupis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Average Treatment Effect ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Average Treatment ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Predicted Values

Treatment effects may vary with the observed characteristics of the treated, often with important implications. In the context of experimental data, a growing literature deals with the problem of specifying treatment interaction terms that most effectively capture this variation. Some results of this literature are now implemented in Stata. With nonexperimental (observational) data, and in particular when selection into treatment depends on unmeasured factors, treatment effects can be estimated using Stata's treatreg command. Though not originally designed for this purpose, treatreg can be used to consistently estimate treatment interaction parameters. With interactions, however, adjustments are required to generate predicted values and estimate the average treatment effect. In this article, we introduce commands that perform this adjustment for multiplicative interactions, and we show the required adjustment for more complicated interactions.

The Performance of the Cuban Revolution: A Provisional Assessment

1973 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Jorge I. Domínguez
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Cuban Revolution ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Capacity To Change

Is the Cuban Revolution “good?” This essay seeks to assess the performance of the Cuban revolutionary government as it prepares for its fifteenth birthday in January, 1974.We will evaluate the revolutionary government’s performance on eight basic values of social life identified by Harold Lasswell and Abraham Kaplan, as modified partly by Karl Deutsch, and further modified for the purposes of this essay. Power is the participation in decisions about severe sanctions or the capacity to change the probability of outcomes. Enlightenment involves knowledge, insight, and access to information. Skill is the proficiency in the practice of any arts and crafts, in trades, or professions. Wealth is income, including both goods and services. Well-being includes both health and safety. Deference includes status, honor, recognition, prestige, glory, or reputation. Rectitude comprises moral values: virtue, goodness, righteousness, etc. Affection includes both love and friendship.

scholarly journals The influence of closed brine pockets and permeable brine channels on the thermo-elastic properties of saline ice

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2086) ◽  
pp. 20150351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Marchenko ◽  
Ben Lishman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Half Space ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Waves ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Model Solutions ◽  
Data Support ◽  
University College London ◽  
The University

A model of the thermo-elastic behaviour of saline ice is formulated, and model solutions describing thermo-elastic waves (TEW) propagating into a half-space of the ice are investigated. The model is based on a proposal that saline ice is a matrix, which encompasses both closed brine pockets and permeable channels filled with brine. Experiments on the thermal expansion of saline ice samples, and on TEW in saline ice, have been performed in the cold laboratories of the University Centre in Svalbard and in University College London. The experimental data are compared with theoretical conclusions. The experimental data support our hypothesis that the brine in saline ice is divided between closed pockets and open, permeable channels. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Microdynamics of ice’.

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