Amending Ongoing Upper-Limb Reaches: Visual and Proprioceptive Contributions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Goodman ◽  
Valentin A. Crainic ◽  
Stephen R. Bested ◽  
Darrin O. Wijeyaratnam ◽  
John de Grosbois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Online Control ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Tendon Vibration ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Target Regulation

In order to maximize the precise completion of voluntary actions, humans can theoretically utilize both visual and proprioceptive information to plan and amend ongoing limb trajectories. Although vision has been thought to be a more dominant sensory modality, research has shown that sensory feedback may be processed as a function of its relevance and reliability. As well, theoretical models of voluntary action have suggested that both vision and proprioception can be used to prepare online trajectory amendments. However, empirical evidence regarding the use of proprioception for online control has come from indirect manipulations from the sensory feedback (i.e., without directly perturbing the afferent information; e.g., visual–proprioceptive mismatch). In order to directly assess the relative contributions of visual and proprioceptive feedback to the online control of voluntary actions, direct perturbations to both vision (i.e., liquid crystal goggles) and proprioception (i.e., tendon vibration) were implemented in two experiments. The first experiment employed the manipulations while participants simply performed a rapid goal-directed movement (30 cm amplitude). Results from this first experiment yielded no significant evidence that proprioceptive feedback contributed to online control processes. The second experiment employed an imperceptible target jump to elicit online trajectory amendments. Without or with tendon vibration, participants still corrected for the target jumps. The current study provided more evidence of the importance of vision for online control but little support for the importance of proprioception for online limb–target regulation mechanisms.

Multisensory Feedback Can Enhance Embodiment Within an Enriched Virtual Walking Scenario

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Leonardis ◽  
Antonio Frisoli ◽  
Michele Barsotti ◽  
Marcello Carrozzino ◽  
Massimo Bergamasco
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Tendon Vibration ◽  
Motion Platform ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Skin Response

This study investigates how the sense of embodiment in virtual environments can be enhanced by multisensory feedback related to body movements. In particular, we analyze the effect of combined vestibular and proprioceptive afferent signals on the perceived embodiment within an immersive walking scenario. These feedback signals were applied by means of a motion platform and by tendon vibration of lower limbs, evoking illusory leg movements. Vestibular and proprioceptive feedback were provided congruently with a rich virtual scenario reconstructing a real city, rendered on a head-mounted display (HMD). The sense of embodiment was evaluated through both self-reported questionnaires and physiological measurements in two experimental conditions: with all active sensory feedback (highly embodied condition), and with visual feedback only. Participants' self-reports show that the addition of both vestibular and proprioceptive feedback increases the sense of embodiment and the individual's feeling of presence associated with the walking experience. Furthermore, the embodiment condition significantly increased the measured galvanic skin response and respiration rate. The obtained results suggest that vestibular and proprioceptive feedback can improve the participant's sense of embodiment in the virtual experience.

scholarly journals Sensory substitution reveals a manipulation bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja T. Zai ◽  
Sophie Cavé-Lopez ◽  
Manon Rolland ◽  
Nicolas Giret ◽  
Richard H. R. Hahnloser
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Auditory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Song Learning ◽  
Sensory Substitution ◽  
Voluntary Action ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach

AbstractSensory substitution is a promising therapeutic approach for replacing a missing or diseased sensory organ by translating inaccessible information into another sensory modality. However, many substitution systems are not well accepted by subjects. To explore the effect of sensory substitution on voluntary action repertoires and their associated affective valence, we study deaf songbirds to which we provide visual feedback as a substitute of auditory feedback. Surprisingly, deaf birds respond appetitively to song-contingent binary visual stimuli. They skillfully adapt their songs to increase the rate of visual stimuli, showing that auditory feedback is not required for making targeted changes to vocal repertoires. We find that visually instructed song learning is basal-ganglia dependent. Because hearing birds respond aversively to the same visual stimuli, sensory substitution reveals a preference for actions that elicit sensory feedback over actions that do not, suggesting that substitution systems should be designed to exploit the drive to manipulate.

scholarly journals 4091 Influence of Vision and Proprioception on Motor Control in ASD

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (s1) ◽  
pp. 97-97
Author(s):  
Robin L Shafer ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Matthew W. Mosconi
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Tendon Vibration ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Visual Gain ◽  
Target Force

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Sensorimotor integration deficits are common in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). There is evidence for both an over-reliance on visual and proprioceptive feedback during motor control in ASD, suggesting deficits in the ability to modulate sensory feedback processing in order to use the most reliable input. This study aims to test this hypothesis. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: 40 persons with ASD (ages 10-33 yrs) and 25 age-, sex- and nonverbal IQ-matched controls completed precision gripping tasks under multiple proprioceptive and visual feedback conditions. Participants squeezed a force sensor with their index finger and thumb and tried to match their force output to a target force. Visual feedback of the target force (stationary bar) and their force output (bar that moved up/down with increased/decreased force) were displayed on a computer screen. Visual feedback was presented across low, medium, and high gain levels; the force bar moved a greater distance per change in force at higher gains. Proprioceptive feedback was manipulated using 80Hz tendon vibration at the wrist to create an illusion that the muscle is contracted. Force regularity (approximate entropy; ApEn) was examined. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We have scored data from 18 participants with ASD and 13 control participants to date. Preliminary results from these participants indicate a Group x Tendon Vibration x Visual Gain interaction for ApEn (F = 1.559, p = 0.023). Individuals with ASD show slight increases in ApEn with 80Hz tendon vibration relative to no tendon vibration in all visual conditions. Controls showed increased ApEn during 80Hz compared to no tendon vibration at low visual gain but decreased ApEn with tendon vibration at high visual gain. These preliminary results indicate that controls shift to using a secondary source of sensory feedback (e.g., proprioception) when the primary source (e.g., vision) is degraded. However, persons with ASD do not reweight different sensory feedback processes as feedback inputs are degraded or magnified. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our preliminary results reveal that sensorimotor issues in ASD result from deficits in the reweighting of sensory feedback. Namely, persons with ASD fail to dynamically recalibrate feedback processes across visual and proprioceptive systems when feedback conditions change. Our results may aid treatment development for sensorimotor issues in ASD.

Human Cerebral Potentials During Motor Training Under Different Forms of Sensory Feedback

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Uwe Niederberger ◽  
Wolf-Dieter Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Motor Training ◽  
Feedback Group ◽  
Emg Feedback ◽  
The Right ◽  
Training Success

Abstract In two experiments with four and two groups of healthy subjects, a novel motor task, the voluntary abduction of the right big toe, was trained. This task cannot usually be performed without training and is therefore ideal for the study of elementary motor learning. A systematic variation of proprioceptive, tactile, visual, and EMG feedback was used. In addition to peripheral measurements such as the voluntary range of motion and EMG output during training, a three-channel EEG was recorded over Cz, C3, and C4. The movement-related brain potential during distinct periods of the training was analyzed as a central nervous parameter of the ongoing learning process. In experiment I, we randomized four groups of 12 subjects each (group P: proprioceptive feedback; group PT: proprioceptive and tactile feedback; group PTV: proprioceptive, tactile, and visual feedback; group PTEMG: proprioceptive, tactile, and EMG feedback). Best training results were reported from the PTEMG and PTV groups. The movement-preceding cortical activity, in the form of the amplitude of the readiness potential at the time of EMG onset, was greatest in these two groups. Results of experiment II revealed a similar effect, with a greater training success and a higher electrocortical activation under additional EMG feedback compared to proprioceptive feedback alone. Sensory EMG feedback as evaluated by peripheral and central nervous measurements appears to be useful in motor training and neuromuscular re-education.

scholarly journals Visuo-proprioceptive integration and recalibration with multiple visual stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke B. Debats ◽  
Herbert Heuer ◽  
Christoph Kayser
Keyword(s):  
Visual Stimulus ◽  
Hand Movement ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Multisensory Perception ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Cursor Control ◽  
Sensory Recalibration ◽  
Winner Takes All

AbstractTo organize the plethora of sensory signals from our environment into a coherent percept, our brain relies on the processes of multisensory integration and sensory recalibration. We here asked how visuo-proprioceptive integration and recalibration are shaped by the presence of more than one visual stimulus, hence paving the way to study multisensory perception under more naturalistic settings with multiple signals per sensory modality. We used a cursor-control task in which proprioceptive information on the endpoint of a reaching movement was complemented by two visual stimuli providing additional information on the movement endpoint. The visual stimuli were briefly shown, one synchronously with the hand reaching the movement endpoint, the other delayed. In Experiment 1, the judgments of hand movement endpoint revealed integration and recalibration biases oriented towards the position of the synchronous stimulus and away from the delayed one. In Experiment 2 we contrasted two alternative accounts: that only the temporally more proximal visual stimulus enters integration similar to a winner-takes-all process, or that the influences of both stimuli superpose. The proprioceptive biases revealed that integration—and likely also recalibration—are shaped by the superposed contributions of multiple stimuli rather than by only the most powerful individual one.

scholarly journals Hip proprioceptive feedback influences the control of mediolateral stability during human walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 2220-2229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin C. Roden-Reynolds ◽  
Megan H. Walker ◽  
Camille R. Wasserman ◽  
Jesse C. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Bipedal Walking ◽  
Hip Abductor ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mediolateral Stability

Active control of the mediolateral location of the feet is an important component of a stable bipedal walking pattern, although the roles of sensory feedback in this process are unclear. In the present experiments, we tested whether hip abductor proprioception influenced the control of mediolateral gait motion. Participants performed a series of quiet standing and treadmill walking trials. In some trials, 80-Hz vibration was applied intermittently over the right gluteus medius (GM) to evoke artificial proprioceptive feedback. During walking, the GM was vibrated during either right leg stance (to elicit a perception that the pelvis was closer mediolaterally to the stance foot) or swing (to elicit a perception that the swing leg was more adducted). Vibration during quiet standing evoked leftward sway in most participants (13 of 16), as expected from its predicted perceptual effects. Across the 13 participants sensitive to vibration, stance phase vibration caused the contralateral leg to be placed significantly closer to the midline (by ∼2 mm) at the end of the ongoing step. In contrast, swing phase vibration caused the vibrated leg to be placed significantly farther mediolaterally from the midline (by ∼2 mm), whereas the pelvis was held closer to the stance foot (by ∼1 mm). The estimated mediolateral margin of stability was thus decreased by stance phase vibration but increased by swing phase vibration. Although the observed effects of vibration were small, they were consistent with humans monitoring hip proprioceptive feedback while walking to maintain stable mediolateral gait motion.

The effect of sensory feedback on crayfish posture and locomotion: II. Neuromechanical simulation of closing the loop

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Bacqué-Cazenave ◽  
Bryce Chung ◽  
David W. Cofer ◽  
Daniel Cattaert ◽  
Donald H. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Chordotonal Organ ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Reflex Reversal ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Recorded Activity

Neuromechanical simulation was used to determine whether proposed thoracic circuit mechanisms for the control of leg elevation and depression in crayfish could account for the responses of an experimental hybrid neuromechanical preparation when the proprioceptive feedback loop was open and closed. The hybrid neuromechanical preparation consisted of a computational model of the fifth crayfish leg driven in real time by the experimentally recorded activity of the levator and depressor (Lev/Dep) nerves of an in vitro preparation of the crayfish thoracic nerve cord. Up and down movements of the model leg evoked by motor nerve activity released and stretched the model coxobasal chordotonal organ (CBCO); variations in the CBCO length were used to drive identical variations in the length of the live CBCO in the in vitro preparation. CBCO afferent responses provided proprioceptive feedback to affect the thoracic motor output. Experiments performed with this hybrid neuromechanical preparation were simulated with a neuromechanical model in which a computational circuit model represented the relevant thoracic circuitry. Model simulations were able to reproduce the hybrid neuromechanical experimental results to show that proposed circuit mechanisms with sensory feedback could account for resistance reflexes displayed in the quiescent state and for reflex reversal and spontaneous Lev/Dep bursting seen in the active state.

scholarly journals The Kinematic Control During the Backward Gait and Knee Proprioception: Insights from Lesions of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Viggiano ◽  
Katia Corona ◽  
Simone Cerciello ◽  
Michele Vasso ◽  
Alfredo Schiavone-Panni
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Proprioceptive Information ◽  
Knee Motion ◽  
Backward Walking ◽  
Motor Strategy ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

AbstractAn already existing large volume of work on kinematics documents a reduction of step length during unusual gaits, such as backward walking. This is mainly explained in terms of modifications of some biomechanical properties. In the present study, we propose that the proprioceptive information from the knee may be involved in this change of motor strategy. Specifically, we show that a non-automated condition such as backward walking can elicit different motor strategies in subjects with reduced proprioceptive feedback after anterior cruciate ligament lesion (ACL). For this purpose, the kinematic parameters during forward and backward walking in subjects with ACL deficit were compared to two control groups: a group with intact ACL and a group with surgically reconstructed ACL. The knee proprioception was tested measuring the threshold for detection of passive knee motion. Subjects were asked to walk on a level treadmill at five different velocities (1-5km/h) in forward and backward direction, thereby calculating the cadence and step length. Results showed that forward walking parameters were largely unaffected in subjects with ACL damage. However, they failed to reduce step length during backward walking, a correction that was normally observed in all control subjects and in subjects with normal proprioceptive feedback after ACL reconstruction. The main result of the present study is that knee proprioception is an important signal used by the brain to reduce step length during the backward gait. This can have a significant impact on clinical evaluation and rehabilitation.

Auditorily Paced Keytapping Performance during Synchronous, Decreased, and Delayed Visual Feedback

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond S. Karlovich ◽  
James T. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Feedback Stimulus ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Kinesthetic Feedback ◽  
Temporal Deviation ◽  
Delayed Visual Feedback

20 young adult female Ss tapped on a tapping key to low, mid, and high sensation-level pure-tone auditory-pacing stimuli while being exposed to synchronous visual-feedback, delayed visual-feedback, and decreased sensory-feedback conditions. The stroboscopic visual-feedback stimulus was judged to be as bright as the mid-sensation-level auditory stimulus was loud in a preliminary cross-modality matching study. The dependent variables evaluated were tapping error, temporal deviation of the taps from the onset of the pacing stimuli, and tap duration. Few tapping errors occurred under any of the conditions which indicated that the auditory sensory modality is effective in regulating motor performance even when temporally distorted visual feedback is associated with the performance. Tapping deviation data strongly suggested that the relative perceptual magnitudes between the auditory pacing stimuli and the delayed visual-feedback stimulus are important factors in determining the speed of motor response. Tap durations were greater during decreased sensory-feedback and delayed visual-feedback conditions than during synchronous visual-feedback conditions, and it was speculated that these changes occurred due to an increase in tactual and kinesthetic feedback employed by Ss to counterbalance the distorted and decreased sensory feedbacks.

The Effects of Visual and Proprioceptive Feedback on Motor Learning

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Adams ◽  
Daniel Gopher ◽  
Gavan Lintern
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Proprioceptive Feedback ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Effective Source

A self paced linear positioning task was used to study the effects of visual and proprioceptive feedback on learning and performance. Subjects were trained with knowledge of results (KR) and tested without it. The analysis of the absolute error scores of the no-KR trials is discussed in this paper. Visual feedback was the more effective source of sensory feedback, but proprioceptive feedback was also effective. An observation that the response did not become independent of sensory feedback as a result of learning, was interpreted as supporting Adams closed loop theory of motor learning in preference to the motor program hypothesis. Other data showed that the presence of visual feedback during learning could inhibit the later effectiveness of proprioceptive feedback.

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