Embodiment in Composition: 4E Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence from a Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492096144
Author(s):  
Ulla Pohjannoro
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Extended Cognition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Compositional Process ◽  
Musical Notation ◽  
Musical Structures ◽  
Sonic Environment ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The purpose of this study was to theorise on a composer’s corporeality from the point of view of the embodied, enacted, embedded, and extended cognition paradigm, in the light of empirical data that cover the compositional process of creating one particular piece of music. The data include related manuscripts and the composer’s verbal account of those manuscripts. Composition is seen as an interactive coping behaviour and an adaptive process of knowledge acquisition and production in a sonic environment. In this epistemic process, the composer begins working with various kinds of ideas: sounds, timbres, musical structures, experiences, philosophical thoughts. They explicate these intuitive or reflective embodied representations through different kinds of externalisations, such as musical gestures, narratives, visualisation, and finally, musical notation. This study substantiates the way in which embodied, extrabodily, embedded, and enactive processes constitute the cognitive acts of a composer, usually considered as almost purely mental. It shows how musical composition may not only be grounded but also depend on embodied knowledge that the score only partly conveys. In addition to helping composers and performers communicate in real life, the findings may be useful for identifying the different cognitive premises and circumstances that can result in discrepancies between the ways in which they interpret musical notation.

scholarly journals The modes of music information in a compositional process: a case study

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 987-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla Pohjannoro ◽  
Antti Mikael Rousi
Keyword(s):  
Musical Composition ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
Compositional Process ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Musical Structures ◽  
Music Information

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an actual compositional process that entails a diversity of music information modes and describe the way these modes contribute to the creative aspirations of a composer.Design/methodology/approachThe music information typology proposed by Rousi, Savolainen and Vakkari is used as a point of departure for defining the different modes of music-related information. First, relevant music information modes are identified from the composer-informant’s verbal description of a compositional process. Then, their proportions and dynamics are examined.FindingsThe findings suggest that the music information typology may be applied within the context of musical composition, that is, all of its five modes of music information could be identified from the composer’s verbal description of the compositional process. However, two additional significant information modes were identified: shaping music as the third mode of enactive representations and genuine iconic representations.Research limitations/implicationsThe purpose of this case study is not to claim that the results regarding the significance of individual music information modes apply to all compositional processes within diverse genres of music.Originality/valueThis study introduces a new mode of music information indicative of the artistic capacity of expressiveness: shaping musical structures as the third mode of enactive representations was the means whereby the composer made musical structures work for himself and hence created performative power in his music.

Bleak Weather for Sun-Shine AG: A Case Study of Impairment of Assets

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Detzen ◽  
Tobias Stork genannt Wersborg ◽  
Henning Zülch
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Professional Judgment ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Instructional Resource

ABSTRACT This case originates from a real-life business situation and illustrates the application of impairment tests in accordance with IFRS and U.S. GAAP. In the first part of the case study, students examine conceptual questions of impairment tests under IFRS and U.S. GAAP with respect to applicable accounting standards, definitions, value concepts, and frequency of application. In addition, the case encourages students to discuss the impairment regime from an economic point of view. The second part of the instructional resource continues to provide instructors with the flexibility of applying U.S. GAAP and/or IFRS when students are asked to test a long-lived asset for impairment and, if necessary, allocate any potential impairment. This latter part demonstrates that impairment tests require professional judgment that students are to exercise in the case.

scholarly journals Framing Real-Life Experimentations as Case Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Stefano Crabu ◽  
Ilaria Mariani ◽  
Felicitas Schmittinger
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point

AbstractThe chapter describes the case studies methodology on the ground of the volume: their use and comparison are investigated from a theoretical point of view. This chapter has a twofold aim: (i) contextualise case studies and the experimentation/prototyping conducted by the pilots, then (ii) to provide a compass for going through the next chapters in which it is detailed the experience of each pilot as a case study. This reasoning is a premise for understanding and situating the relevant points emerged in the larger picture of the RRI framework.

scholarly journals Mind the body: Materiality and physicality in a composer’s thinking process

2021 ◽  
pp. 030573562110349
Author(s):  
Ulla Pohjannoro
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Material Object ◽  
Compositional Process ◽  
Musical Structures ◽  
Verbal Data ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
The Mind

This exploratory case study investigated the grounds of the material and physical aspects of compositional thinking, viewing musical composing as organizing the world of sounds. The data tracks one compositional process, including the full body of the manuscripts and verbal data accounting those manuscripts. The results present a composer, who wishes to create music that has performative power, that is, expressivities that have the capacity to move the mind of the listener. The composer is inspired by the materiality of sound and musical instruments, but on the other hand constrained and challenged by the corporal affordances of performers and their instruments as well as by the (im)practicalities and intelligibility of notational practices. Five different aspects of materiality were identified: (1) visual images and representations, (2) the score as the material object of composition, (3) the material and physical affordances of musical instruments, performers that play them, and sounds that are produced by them, (4) physical reactions entailing embodied intuitive knowledge of the composer, and (5) metaphoric processes, where the composer, when shaping timbres and musical structures, “pushes,” even “forces” sounds to “move” and sound in a way that is meaningful and transpires to the listener as music that moves the mind.

Noting as Learning: Its Significance for Teaching and Learning Japanese in Volunteer Language Classrooms for Migrants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sau Kuen Fan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Language Management ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Language Classrooms ◽  
Eastern Japan

This paper discusses problems in volunteer Japanese classrooms as a field of teaching foreign language for special purposes, which is to enhance migrant learners in the neighbourhood to participate in the host society through the target language. The data on which the discussion is based was collected from a case study conducted in a volunteer Japanese classroom in eastern Japan. From the point of view of “noting” in the Language Management Theory (LMT; cf. Neustupný 1985, 1994; Jernudd and Neustupný 1987), the findings suggest that although all the learners in the classroom intend to stay in Japan permanently, they appear to be reluctant to interact with local Japanese and to expand their Japanese social network due to the inability to note deviations from norms underlying in Japanese speech situations. In the second half of the paper, I raise an example of teaching materials to illustrate that noting as learning can be enhanced through systematic classroom activities. It is suggested that the ability to become sensitive about possible problems when interacting with local Japanese people can help foreigners in the neighbourhood to be more prepared and thus more confident to use the target language in real life.  

scholarly journals Life in Sounds, Colours and Atmospheres: A Case Study on Synaesthesia

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Heikki Ruismäki ◽  
Antti Juvonen
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Phenomenon

Abstract In this article we focus on the world of colour associations and atmospheres experienced by a famous and successful piano pedagogue. The aim of the study is to open one point of view inside the phenomenon of synaesthesia through one case which is truly reliable. This case study is based on personal interviews with the pedagogue (August 16-19, 1999, and April 27, 2010), and the findings are anchored theoretically in the synaesthetic experience. The article subtitles are the themes and subjects used in the interviews, and the free association discussions have been shaped into more structured form. To express the events in a way that is similar to the real life experiences, we have quoted the interviewee directly in our text. The article shows one individual´s way of experiencing, seeing and feeling the world of sounds and voices. It is concluded that the synaesthesia experiences of the target of the case study were genuine and they were repeated in two different interviews. Synaesthesia is a real phenomenon and not fake in any point of view

Session Six: Forgiveness

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Tayyab Rashid ◽  
Martin Seligman
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Positive Psychotherapy

Session Six teaches clients that forgiveness is a process for change rather than an event. This session explains what forgiveness is and what it is not. The central positive psychotherapy (PPT) practices covered in this session are writing a Forgiveness Letter and REACH, which is an approach to forgiveness, as follows: Step One: R = Recall an event; Step Two: E = Empathize from the perpetrator’s point of view; Step Three: A = Altruistic gift of forgiveness; Step Four: C = Commit yourself to forgive publicly; and Step Five: H = Hold onto forgiveness. The chapter provides a list of readings, videos, and websites that relate to forgiveness and offers two worksheets to practice the concepts learned in the chapter. The chapter also includes a real-life case study about forgiveness.

Contamination Lab of Turin (CLabTo)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora FIORE ◽  
Giuliano SANSONE ◽  
Chiara Lorenza REMONDINO ◽  
Paolo Marco TAMBORRINI
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Skills ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Positive Effect

Interest in offering Entrepreneurship Education (EE) to all kinds of university students is increasing. Therefore, universities are increasing the number of entrepreneurship courses intended for students from different fields of study and with different education levels. Through a single case study of the Contamination Lab of Turin (CLabTo), we suggest how EE may be taught to all kinds of university students. We have combined design methods with EE to create a practical-oriented entrepreneurship course which allows students to work in transdisciplinary teams through a learning-by-doing approach on real-life projects. Professors from different departments have been included to create a multidisciplinary environment. We have drawn on programme assessment data, including pre- and post-surveys. Overall, we have found a positive effect of the programme on the students’ entrepreneurial skills. However, when the data was broken down according to the students’ fields of study and education levels, mixed results emerged.

Participation and spatial transformation in large housing estates in Poland. Case study of Ursynów Północny

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Krystyna Ilmurzyńska
Keyword(s):  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
Large Housing Estates ◽  
Existing Housing ◽  
Housing Estates

Abstract This article investigates the suitability of traditional and participatory planning approaches in managing the process of spatial development of existing housing estates, based on the case study of Warsaw’s Ursynów Północny district. The basic assumption of the article is that due to lack of government schemes targeted at the restructuring of large housing estates, it is the business environment that drives spatial transformations and through that shapes the development of participation. Consequently the article focuses on the reciprocal relationships between spatial transformations and participatory practices. Analysis of Ursynów Północny against the background of other estates indicates that it presents more endangered qualities than issues to be tackled. Therefore the article focuses on the potential of the housing estate and good practices which can be tracked throughout its lifetime. The paper focuses furthermore on real-life processes, addressing the issue of privatisation, development pressure, formal planning procedures and participatory budgeting. In the conclusion it attempts to interpret the existing spatial structure of the estate as a potential framework for a participatory approach.

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