scholarly journals Plasma levels of bile acids are related to cardiometabolic risk factors in young adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Osuna-Prieto ◽  
José Rubio-Lopez ◽  
Xinyu Di ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Isabelle Kohler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Brown Adipose

Abstract Context Bile acids (BA) are known for their role in intestinal lipid absorption, and can also play a role as signaling molecules to control energy metabolism. Prior evidence suggests that alterations in circulating BA levels and in the pool of circulating BA are linked to an increased risk of obesity and a higher incidence of T2D in middle-aged adults. Objective To investigate the association between plasma levels of BA with cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of well-phenotyped relatively healthy young adults. Methods Body composition, brown adipose tissue, serum classical cardiometabolic risk factors, and a set of 8 plasma BA (including glyco-conjugated forms) in 136 young adults (age 22.1±2.2 years, 67% women) were measured. Results Plasma levels of CDCA and GUDCA were higher in men than in women, although these differences disappeared after adjusting for body fat percentage. Furthermore, CA, CDCA, DCA, and GDCA levels were positively, yet weakly associated, with lean body mass levels, while GDCA and GLCA levels were negatively associated with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by brown adipose tissue. Interestingly, GCA, GCDCA, and GUDCA were positively associated with glucose and insulin serum levels, HOMA index, LDL-C, TNFa, IL-2 and IL-8 levels, but negatively associated with HDL-C, ApoA1, and adiponectin levels, yet these significant correlations partially disappeared after the inclusion of lean body mass as a confounder. Conclusion Our findings indicate that plasma levels of BA might be sex-dependent and that are associated with cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors in young and relatively healthy adults.

DXA-Determined Visceral Adipose Tissue Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Even in Healthy Young Adults from the Nutritionists’ Health Study—NutriHS

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2360-PUB
Author(s):  
ANGÉLICA M.M. VALENTE ◽  
BIANCA ALMEIDA-PITITTO ◽  
ALEXANDRE A. FERRARO ◽  
LUCIANA FOLCHETTI ◽  
ISIS T. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Elevated plasma succinate levels are linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Osuna-Prieto ◽  
Borja Martinez-Tellez ◽  
Lourdes Ortiz-Alvarez ◽  
Xinyu Di ◽  
Lucas Jurado-Fasoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract Background Succinate is produced by both host and microbiota, with a key role in the interplay of immunity and metabolism and an emerging role as a biomarker for inflammatory and metabolic disorders in middle-aged adults. The relationship between plasma succinate levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adults is unknown. Methods Cross-sectional study in 100 (65% women) individuals aged 18–25 years from the ACTIvating Brown Adipose Tissue through Exercise (ACTIBATE) study cohort. CVD risk factors, body composition, dietary intake, basal metabolic rate, and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed by routine methods. Plasma succinate was measured with an enzyme-based assay. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was evaluated by positron emission tomography, and circulating oxylipins were assessed by targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed in a sub-sample. Results Individuals with higher succinate levels had higher levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+ 42.5%), triglycerides (+ 63.9%), C-reactive protein (+ 124.2%), diastolic blood pressure (+ 5.5%), and pro-inflammatory omega-6 oxylipins than individuals with lower succinate levels. Succinate levels were also higher in metabolically unhealthy individuals than in healthy overweight/obese peers. Succinate levels were not associated with BAT volume or activity or with fecal microbiota composition and diversity. Conclusions Plasma succinate levels are linked to a specific pro-inflammatory omega-6 signature pattern and higher VAT levels, and seem to reflect the cardiovascular status of young adults.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk ◽  
Amanda E. Staiano
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between adherence to pediatric 24-hour movement guidelines (moderate to vigorous physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods:The sample included 357 white and African American children aged 5–18 years. Physical activity, television viewing, and sleep duration were measured using questionnaires, and the 24-hour movement guidelines were defined as ≥60 minutes per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity on ≥5 days per week, ≤ 2 hours per day of television, and sleeping 9–11 hours per night (ages 5–13 y) or 8–10 hours per night (ages 14–18 y). Waist circumference, body fat, abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose were measured in a clinical setting.Results:A total of 26.9% of the sample met none of the guidelines, whereas 36.4%, 28.3%, and 8.4% of the sample met 1, 2, or all 3 guidelines, respectively. There were significant associations between the number of guidelines met and body mass index, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, triglycerides, and glucose. There were no associations with blood pressure or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusions:Meeting more components of the 24-hour movement guidelines was associated with lower levels of obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors. Future efforts should consider novel strategies to simultaneously improve physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep in children.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations between Body Mass Index and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adolescents in a Country of the African Region

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanica Lyngdoh ◽  
Bharathi Viswanathan ◽  
Edwin van Wijngaarden ◽  
Gary J. Myers ◽  
Pascal Bovet
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

We assessed the association between several cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) (blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and glucose) in 390 young adults aged 19-20 years in Seychelles (Indian Ocean, Africa) and body mass index (BMI) measured either at the same time (cross-sectional analysis) or at the age of 12–15 years (longitudinal analysis). BMI tracked markedly between age of 12–15 and age of 19-20. BMI was strongly associated with all considered CRFs in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, with some exceptions. Comparing overweight participants with those having a BMI below the age-specific median, the odds ratios for high blood pressure were 5.4/4.7 (male/female) cross-sectionally and 2.5/3.9 longitudinally (P<0.05). Significant associations were also found for most other CRFs, with some exceptions. In linear regression analysis including both BMI at age of 12–15 and BMI at age of 19-20, only BMI at age of 19-20 remained significantly associated with most CRFs. We conclude that CRFs are predicted strongly by either current or past BMI levels in adolescents and young adults in this population. The observation that only current BMI remained associated with CRFs when including past and current levels together suggests that weight control at a later age may be effective in reducing CRFs in overweight children irrespective of past weight status.

Suppression of norepinephrine-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue by fasting

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. E582-E586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hayashi ◽  
T. Nagasaka
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Colonic Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Thermogenic Response

Fasting-induced changes in thermogenic responses to norepinephrine (NE, 4.0 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 iv) were studied in anesthetized rats previously cold acclimated. The rats were divided into five groups at the end of 30–40 days of cold acclimation (5 degrees C). The five groups were kept for 5 days at 25 degrees C and fed (intact fed), fasted (intact fasted), fasted with daily treatment with thyroxine (T4, 2 micrograms/kg sc), thyroidectomized and fed, or thyroidectomized and fasted. In the intact fasted group, in which the weight of brown adipose tissue decreased, NE-induced increases in oxygen consumption, colonic temperature (T col), and temperature of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (TBAT) were markedly suppressed. The two thyroidectomized groups also showed a reduction in thermogenic response. In these three groups, TBAT was lower than Tcol throughout NE infusion. In the T4-treated fasted group, fasting-induced suppression of thermogenic response to NE was largely prevented. In the intact fed and the T4-treated fasted groups, TBAT attained higher values than Tcol during NE infusion. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones were significantly lower in the intact fasted group than in the intact fed or the T4-treated fasted group. These results suggest that fasting-induced suppression of the thermogenic response to NE is largely due to the reduced thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue to NE. The lowering of the levels of the thyroid hormones induced by fasting may be one of a number of causes of the reduction in the thermogenic response of brown adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and associations with cardiometabolic risk in Inuit, Africans and Europeans: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e038071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pernille Falberg Rønn ◽  
Gregers Stig Andersen ◽  
Torsten Lauritzen ◽  
Dirk Lund Christensen ◽  
Mette Aadahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ObjectivesAbdominal fat has been identified as a risk marker of cardiometabolic disease independent of overall adiposity. However, it is not clear whether there are ethnic disparities in this risk. We investigated the associations of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with cardiometabolic risk factors in three ethnic diverse populations of Inuit, Africans and Europeans.DesignCross-sectional pooled study.SettingGreenland, Kenya and Denmark.MethodsA total of 5113 participants (2933 Inuit, 1397 Africans and 783 Europeans) from three studies in Greenland, Kenya and Denmark were included. Measurements included abdominal fat distribution assessed by ultrasound, oral glucose tolerance test, hepatic insulin resistance, blood pressure and lipids. The associations were analysed using multiple linear regressions.ResultsAcross ethnic group and gender, an increase in VAT of 1 SD was associated with higher levels of hepatic insulin resistance (ranging from 14% to 28%), triglycerides (8% to 16%) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, −1.0 to −0.05 mmol/L) independent of body mass index. VAT showed positive associations with most of the other cardiometabolic risk factors in Inuit and Europeans, but not in Africans. In contrast, SAT was mainly associated with the outcomes in Inuit and Africans. Of notice was that higher SAT was associated with higher HDL-C in African men (0.11 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.18) and with lower HDL-C in Inuit (−0.07 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.12 to –0.02), but not in European men (−0.02 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.09 to 0.05). Generally weaker associations were observed for women. Furthermore, the absolute levels of several of the cardiometabolic outcomes differed between the ethnic groups.ConclusionsVAT and SAT were associated with several of the cardiometabolic risk factors beyond overall adiposity. Some of these associations were specific to ethnicity, suggesting that ethnicity plays a role in the pathway from abdominal fat to selected cardiometabolic risk factors.

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