scholarly journals Consensus on the principles of physical development monitoring in children, possible or not?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-274
Author(s):  
Anna Świąder-Leśniak ◽  
◽  
Anna Majcher ◽  
Beata Pyrżak ◽  
Piotr Dziechciarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization

Regular, long-term anthropometric follow-up is one of the fundamental methods of assessing the child’s health and well-being. However, there is still a lot of inconsistency in anthropometric practices and standards that may have a negative impact on clinical practice (e.g. delay in diagnosing children with growth or feeding disorders, genetic and metabolic syndromes). The paper discusses the principles of basic measurements: length/height, body weight, circumferences: head, chest and arm. Attention was also paid to the use of professional anthropometric equipment. Appropriately performed measurements allow the calculation of weight-height indices, which define nutrition disturbances (overweight, obesity and malnutrition), and also constitute the basis for conducting specialised diagnostics. In 2011, a group of experts recommended standards of body length/height, body weight, head circumference and body mass index developed by the World Health Organization for children up to 5 years of age. In 2013, nationwide reference values for weight, height and body mass index for children aged from 3 to 6 years were published and accepted as valid (OLA project). They complemented previously developed percentile charts for children aged 7–18 years (OLAF project). The paper proposes to adopt uniform standards of anthropometric measurements and to initiate a discussion in the paediatric community on the acceptance of common growth charts for the basic anthropometric measurements.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of children’s physical development in different age groups in Voronezh region 15 years apart (1997-1999 and 2011-2014)

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
O A Zhdanova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Standards ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Health Organization

Aim. To investigate physical development of children in Voronezh region in different age groups in 2011-2014 in comparison with the regional studies data in 1997-1999. Methods. The study was performed on 5644 children aged 1-18 years of health groups I and II in comparison with the data of 10 247 children aged 1-14 years examined in 1997-1999. Body height, weight and body mass index Z-scores, calculated using WHO AnthroPlus software, were evaluated. Results. Children’s Z-score values for body height in 2011-2014 were higher than in 1997-1999 in all age groups and at the age of 1-9 years these values exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Girls’ height approached the standards in 10-14 and 15-18 years, and boys’ height - in 15-18 years. Body weight of children aged 2-8 years was higher than the regional data in 1997-1999 and WHO standards approaching them at the age of 9. Body mass index increase compared to WHO standards was revealed in children aged 1-4 years (p=0.000), and in 2011-2014 the reported differences were less prominent than in 1997-1999. In 2011-2014 among 15-18-years-old girls the shift of body mass index values to the lack of body weight was noted, in 1997-1999 the same changes were found out for 10-14-years-old girls. Conclusion. In 2011-2014 specific attention was required to be paid to physical development of children at the age from 1 to 4 years due to overweight risk of and girls aged 15-18 years due to probable underweight risk.

Children Exposed or Unexposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index During the First 5 Years of Life—A Danish Nationwide Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 2168-2177
Author(s):  
Ellen Moseholm ◽  
Marie Helleberg ◽  
Håkon Sandholdt ◽  
Terese L Katzenstein ◽  
Merete Storgaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Chart ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Exposures to human immunodeficiency (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy in utero may have adverse effects on infant growth. Among children born in Denmark and aged 0–5 years, we aimed to compare anthropometric outcomes in HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children with those in children not exposed to HIV. Methods In a nationwide register-based study we included all singleton HEU children born in Denmark in 2000–2016. HEU children were individually matched by child sex, parity, and maternal place of birth to 5 singleton controls born to mothers without HIV. Weight-for-age z (WAZ) scores, length-for-age z (LAZ) scores, and weight-for-length or body mass index–for–age z scores were generated according to the World Health Organization standards and the Fenton growth chart for premature infants. Differences in mean z scores were analyzed using linear mixed models, both univariate and adjusted for social and maternal factors. Results In total, 485 HEU children and 2495 HIV-unexposed controls were included. Compared with controls, HEU children were smaller at birth, with an adjusted difference in mean WAZ and LAZ scores of −0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], −.46 to −.12) and −0.51 (95% CI, −.71 to −.31), respectively (both P ≤ .001). Over time, there was a trend toward increasing WAZ and LAZ scores in HEU children, and there was no significant difference in adjusted WAZ scores after age 14 days (−0.13 [95% CI, −.27 to .01]; P = .07) and LAZ scores after age 6 months (−0.15 [95% CI, −.32 to .02]; P = .08). Conclusion Compared with a matched control group, HEU children were smaller at birth, but this difference decreased with time and is not considered to have a negative effect on the health and well-being of HEU children during early childhood.

scholarly journals Gender diversity in developing overweight over 35 years of Westernization in an Inuit hunter cohort and ethno-specific body mass index for evaluation of body-weight abnormalities

2004 ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Andersen ◽  
G Mulvad ◽  
HS Pedersen ◽  
P Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Inuit Population ◽  
Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To establish an Inuit body mass index (BMI) norm from a healthy, not malnourished, pure Inuit population and to investigate the development of overweight in the Inuit in Greenland. DESIGN:Longitudinal study with 35 years follow-up on overweight among Inuit in Greenland. METHODS: The heights and weights of 97% of all inhabitants in Eastgreenland in 1963 (n=1852) were recovered recently and BMI calculated. We obtained similar data in 96% of the 50-69-year-old population in Eastgreenland in 1998 and in a random sample of 25% of individuals aged 50-69 years in the capital Nuuk (n=535). RESULTS: Overweight or obesity, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), was found in 30% of all men and 22% of all women in Eastgreenland in 1963, and in 31% of young Inuit hunters in 1963. Such high rates were incompatible with a hunter's way of living. Inuit-specific BMI norms from data on healthy Inuit aged 20-29 years in 1963 were computed: men, 20.2-27.9; women, 17.9-27.7. These differed from the WHO classification (P<0.001). Using the Inuit-specific BMI norm for the classification of 50-69-year-old Inuit in 1963 and 1998, the fraction of overweight men increased by over six times (4.0 to 25.6%; P<0.001), and overweight increased with Westernization (P=0.001). The fraction of overweight women by the Inuit BMI norm doubled from 1963 to 1998 (14.0 to 30.7%; P<0.001) while median BMI remained unaltered (P=0.22) because the fraction of slim women more than doubled (3.5 to 9.0%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: A steep increase in the fraction of overweight Inuit men and women calls for intervention. Westernization predicted increased BMI. In women the increased number of obese people was accompanied by an increased fraction of slim people. This illustrates that transition can be modified and indicates that monitoring of populations in transition should observe gender differences. Finally, the historical data argue against the global applicability of the WHO delineation of normal BMI.

scholarly journals Long-term body mass index changes in overweight and obese adults and the risk of heart failure, cardiovascular disease and mortality: a cohort study of over 260,000 adults in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Iyen ◽  
Stephen Weng ◽  
Yana Vinogradova ◽  
Ralph K. Akyea ◽  
Nadeem Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Although obesity is a well-recognised risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the impact of long-term body mass index (BMI) changes in overweight or obese adults, on the risk of heart failure, CVD and mortality has not been quantified. Methods This population-based cohort study used routine UK primary care electronic health data linked to secondary care and death-registry records. We identified adults who were overweight or obese, free from CVD and who had repeated BMI measures. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we examined the BMI trajectories of these individuals and then determined incidence rates of CVD, heart failure and mortality associated with the different trajectories. Cox-proportional hazards regression determined hazards ratios for incident outcomes. Results 264,230 individuals (mean age 49.5 years (SD 12.7) and mean BMI 33.8 kg/m2 (SD 6.1)) were followed-up for a median duration of 10.9 years. Four BMI trajectories were identified, corresponding at baseline, with World Health Organisation BMI classifications for overweight, class-1, class-2 and class-3 obesity respectively. In all four groups, there was a small, stable upwards trajectory in BMI (mean BMI increase of 1.06 kg/m2 (± 3.8)). Compared with overweight individuals, class-3 obese individuals had hazards ratios (HR) of 3.26 (95% CI 2.98–3.57) for heart failure, HR of 2.72 (2.58–2.87) for all-cause mortality and HR of 3.31 (2.84–3.86) for CVD-related mortality, after adjusting for baseline demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion The majority of adults who are overweight or obese retain their degree of overweight or obesity over the long term. Individuals with stable severe obesity experience the worst heart failure, CVD and mortality outcomes. These findings highlight the high cardiovascular toll exacted by continuing failure to tackle obesity.

scholarly journals Correlation of Body Mass Index with Oncologic Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Large Population-Based Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Chong-Chi Chiu ◽  
Chung-Han Ho ◽  
Chao-Ming Hung ◽  
Chien-Ming Chao ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
The Impact

It has been acknowledged that excess body weight increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is little evidence on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on CRC patients’ long-term oncologic results in Asian populations. We studied the influence of BMI on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and CRC-specific survival rates in CRC patients from the administrative claims datasets of Taiwan using the Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log-rank test to estimate the statistical differences among BMI groups. Underweight patients (<18.50 kg/m2) presented higher mortality (56.40%) and recurrence (5.34%) rates. Besides this, they had worse OS (aHR:1.61; 95% CI: 1.53–1.70; p-value: < 0.0001) and CRC-specific survival (aHR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.43–1.62; p-value: < 0.0001) rates compared with those of normal weight patients (18.50–24.99 kg/m2). On the contrary, CRC patients belonging to the overweight (25.00–29.99 kg/m2), class I obesity (30.00–34.99 kg/m2), and class II obesity (≥35.00 kg/m2) categories had better OS, DFS, and CRC-specific survival rates in the analysis than the patients in the normal weight category. Overweight patients consistently had the lowest mortality rate after a CRC diagnosis. The associations with being underweight may reflect a reverse causation. CRC patients should maintain a long-term healthy body weight.

Anaesthetic Management of a Super Morbid Obese Patient

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (32) ◽  
pp. 3039-3042
Author(s):  
Lekshmi Raj Jalaja ◽  
Stuti Lohia ◽  
Priyadarsini Bentur ◽  
Ravi Ramgiri
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anaesthetic Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Multisystem Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

‘Obesity’ is defined as a condition with excess body fat to the extent that health and well-being are adversely affected and uses a class system based on the body mass index (BMI), by the world health organization (WHO). Anaesthetic management of morbidly obese is challenging, as there is an increased risk of perioperative respiratory insufficiency and supplemental oxygen must be given throughout recovery period. The incidence of morbid obesity continues to grow and anaesthesiologists are exposed to obese patients presenting for various procedures. The prevalence of obesity is on the upward trend worldwide. Obesity is a multisystem disorder, involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and therefore, undergoing a surgical procedure under anaesthesia may entail a considerable risk. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is required in treating such patients. Quantification of the extent of obesity is done using the body mass index. BMI is defined as the relationship between weight and height (weight [kg] / height2 [m2 ]).

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: Coping with the Psychological Outcomes, Mental Changes, and the “New Normal” During and After COVID-19

2020 ◽  
pp. 07-19
Author(s):  
Hiba Takieddine ◽  
Samaa AL Tabbah
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
New Normal ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease that has rapidly swept across the world, inducing a considerable degree of fear, worry and concern in the population at large and among certain groups in particular, such as older adults, healthcare providers and people with underlying health conditions. Authorities around the world tried to prevent the virus spread by imposing social distancing measures, quarantining citizens and isolating infected persons. Apart from its physical impact, COVID-19 pandemic has brought numerous changes to people’s lives. It changed daily routines, caused worldwide economic crisis, increased unemployment, and placed people under emotional and financial pressures. It affected people psychologically and mentally especially in terms of emotions and cognition. During the acute crisis, everyone to varying degrees experienced fear of infection, somatic concerns, worries about the pandemic’s consequences, loneliness, depression, stress, as well as increased alcohol and drug use. As part of its public health response, the World Health Organization (WHO) has worked with partners to develop a set of new guidelines and messages that can be used to prevent, manage, and support mental and psychological well-being in different vulnerable target groups during the outbreak. Whether people like it or not, the psychological sequela of this pandemic will emerge and persist for months and years to come leading to long-term consequences. New lifestyles and “New Normals” will surely emerge. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the impact of coronavirus pandemic on the psychological and mental health of people around the world especially vulnerable groups. It also presents the relevant intervention actions and recommendations to cope efficiently and effectively with the psychological short-term and long-term outcomes, mental changes, and the “New Normal” during and after COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus, Psychological; Mental; New Normal

scholarly journals Triglyceride glucose-body mass index in identifying high-risk groups of pre-diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyuan Jiang ◽  
Ruijuan Yang ◽  
Maobin Kuang ◽  
Meng Yu ◽  
Mingchun Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background Triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) has been recommended as an alternative indicator of insulin resistance. However, the association between TyG-BMI and pre-diabetes remains to be elucidated. Methods More than 100,000 subjects with normal glucose at baseline received follow-up. The main outcome event of concern was pre-diabetes defined according to the diagnostic criteria recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) in 2018 and the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1999. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the role of TyG-BMI in identifying people at high risk of pre-diabetes. Results At a mean observation period of 3.1 years, the incidence of pre-diabetes in the cohort was 3.70 and 12.31% according to the WHO and ADA diagnostic criteria for pre-diabetes, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that TyG-BMI was independently positively correlated with pre-diabetes, and there was a special population dependence phenomenon. Among them, non-obese people, women and people under 50 years old had a significantly higher risk of TyG-BMI-related pre-diabetes (P-interaction< 0.05). Conclusions These findings suggest that a higher TyG-BMI significantly increases an individual’s risk of pre-diabetes, and this risk is significantly higher in women, non-obese individuals, and individuals younger than 50 years of age.

scholarly journals Obesity in children and adolescents: diagnosis criteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Olga V. Vasyukova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Parameter ◽  
International Group ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria ◽  
Obesity In Children

Currently in the world the main diagnostic parameter for assessing obesity is the magnitude of body mass index. In children, taking into account the growth and body weight indicators that dynamically change as the child grows up, it is common to use not absolute, but relative values of body mass index percentiles or standard deviations. The lecture examined various systems and methods for assessing the physical development of children in the world and in Russia domestic ones, R.N. Dorokhova and I.I. Bakhraha, World Health Organization (WHO), International Group for the Study of Obesity. A comparative analysis of the existing systems and the validity of the currently adopted Federal recommendations on the diagnosis of obesity in children based on the recommendations of WHO has been carried out.

Healthy Mind Healthy You: An Online Study Comparing Standard Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with a Brief Mindfulness Program to Improve Well-Being (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa G Sylvia ◽  
Mitchell R Lunn ◽  
Juno Obedin-Maliver ◽  
Robert N McBurney ◽  
W Benjamin Nowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Mindfulness Practice ◽  
World Health ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND Mindfulness can improve overall well-being by training individuals to focus on the present moment without judging their thoughts. However, it is unknown how much mindfulness practice and training are necessary to improve well-being. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare standard with brief mindfulness training to improve overall well-being. METHODS Participants were recruited from 17 Patient-Powered Research Networks, online communities of stakeholders interested in a common area of research. Participants were randomized to either a standard 8-session mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) or a brief 3-session mindfulness training intervention accessed online. Participants were followed for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was well-being as measured by the World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Index. We hypothesized that MBCT would be superior to brief mindfulness training. RESULTS We randomized 4,411 participants, 88% of whom were white and 80% female sex assigned at birth. Baseline WHO-5 score mean was 50.3 (SD = 20.7). Average self-reported well-being in each group increased over the intervention period (baseline to 8 weeks) (model-based slope [95% CI] for MBCT group: 0.78 [0.63, 0.93]; brief mindfulness group: 0.76 [0.60, 0.91]) as well as the full study period (i.e., intervention plus follow-up; baseline to 20 weeks) (model-based slope [95% CI] for MBCT group: 0.41 [0.34, 0.48]; brief mindfulness group: 0.33 [0.26, 0.40]). Change in self-reported well-being was not statistically significantly different between MBCT and brief mindfulness during the intervention period (model-based difference in slopes [95% CI]: -0.02 [-0.24, 0.19], P = .80) or during the intervention period plus 12-week follow-up (-0.08 [-0.18, 0.02], P = .10). During the intervention period, younger participants (P = .05) and participants who completed a higher percentage of intervention sessions (P = .005) experienced greater improvements in well-being across both interventions, effects that were stronger for participants in the MBCT condition. CONCLUSIONS Standard MBCT improved well-being but was not superior to a brief mindfulness intervention. Younger patients and those able to complete more training sessions improved the most. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03844321, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03844321

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