The effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on improving physical and nutrition status of obese and overweight women

Background Regarding the high rate of obesity and overweight among women, develop a comprehensive and effective program it seems necessary to improve their nutritional behaviors and physical activity. This study aims to survey the effect of educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on improving physical and nutritional activities of obese and overweight women. Methods This experimental study was performed on 400 obese and overweight women over the age of 20. The sampling method was A simple random sampling. The data collection was valid and reliable self-reports measure, questionnaires. This tools was including demographic information, questionnaire based on the constructs of the theory of planned behavior, physical activity performance questionnaire and nutritional performance questionnaire that individuals completed before and 6 months after the educational intervention. The training intervention for the experimental group consisted of 12 sessions of 50–55 min. Data analyzed by SPSS22 and by using chi-square test, independent t-test and paired t-test. Results Findings showed that before the educational intervention, was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of education, household monthly income, occupation, mean age, marital status, awareness, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, physical activity and nutritional behavioral intentions, and physical activity and nutritional performance, weight and BMI. However, six months after the training intervention, there was a significant increase in each of the TPB contracts, weight and BMI in the experimental group, while no significant difference was observed in the control group. The meaningful level was considered 0.05. Conclusion Our findings partially support of applying theory of planned behavior in reducing the weight, BMI and improved nutritional performance and physical activity of the study subjects. TPB could be an important strategy for effective future educational interventions.

Soy Intake and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Japanese Men and Women: JACC Study

The evidence on the protective effects of soy foods against type 2 diabetes has been inconsistent. We thought to examine the association between the dietary intakes of soy and the risk of diabetes in a prospective study encompassing 21,925 healthy Japanese men and women aged 40–79 years. A validated self-administered food frequency questionnaire determined the intakes of soy, and their associations with risk of type 2 diabetes were evaluated by the logistic regression analysis. During the 5-year follow-up period, we observed 593 new cases of type 2 diabetes (302 in men and 291 in women). There was no association between dietary intakes of soy foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes among men. Whereas among women, higher tofu intake was inversely associated with risk of type 2 diabetes; the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) of type 2 diabetes were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.69–1.21) for 3–4 times per week and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.94) for almost daily (p-trend = 0.03) in reference to those consuming tofu less than 3 times per week. Intakes of boiled beans and miso soup were not associated with the risk in both genders. The inverse association tended to be more evident among overweight women and postmenopaused women. In conclusion, the frequency of tofu intake was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes among women.

Precision Nutrition Model Predicts Glucose Control of Overweight Females following the Consumption of Potatoes High in Resistant Starch

Individual glycemic responses following dietary intake result from complex physiological processes, and can be influenced by physical properties of foods, such as increased resistant starch (RS) from starch retrogradation. Predictive equations are needed to provide personalized dietary recommendations to reduce chronic disease development. Therefore, a precision nutrition model predicting the postprandial glucose response (PPGR) in overweight women following the consumption of potatoes was formulated. Thirty overweight women participated in this randomized crossover trial. Participants consumed 250 g of hot (9.2 g RS) or cold (13.7 g RS) potatoes on two separate occasions. Baseline characteristics included demographics, 10-day dietary records, body composition, and the relative abundance (RA) and α-diversity of gut microbiota. Elastic net regression using 5-fold cross-validation predicted PPGR after potato intake. Most participants (70%) had a favorable PPGR to the cold potato. The model explained 32.2% of the variance in PPGR with the equation: 547.65 × (0 [if cold, high-RS potato], ×1, if hot, low-RS potato]) + (BMI [kg/m2] × 40.66)—(insoluble fiber [g] × 49.35) + (Bacteroides [RA] × 8.69)—(Faecalibacterium [RA] × 73.49)—(Parabacteroides [RA] × 42.08) + (α-diversity × 110.87) + 292.52. This model improves the understanding of baseline characteristics that explain interpersonal variation in PPGR following potato intake and offers a tool to optimize dietary recommendations for a commonly consumed food.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise Concurrent with Caffeine Supplementation on Weight and Body Fat Among Overweight Women

Background: Obesity and overweight are among serious global epidemics that significantly threaten human health, especially among women. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the concurrent effects of 6-week caffeine supplementation with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on weight and body fat among overweight women. Methods: Thirty overweight females (age: 36.47 ± 6.48 years; BMI: 27.61 ± 1.54 kg/m2; mean ± SD) with a sedentary lifestyle were recruited to the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group, EC (exercise + caffeine) group, who took 100 milligrams of caffeine of the “API” brand supplement 30 minutes before exercise training (n = 15) or control group, EP (exercise + placebo) (n = 15). All participants performed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with an intensity of 40 to 60% of heart rate reserve based on the individual's exercise test for 30 minutes, three days a week for six weeks. Measurements, including the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, and skinfold (suprailiac, abdominal), were done two times, at baseline and after six weeks of exercising. Results: There were no significant differences between control and experimental groups related to weight (P = 0.22), percentage body fat (P = 0.88), and other measurements after six weeks. Conclusions: 6 weeks of caffeine supplementation combined with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise without dietary interventions couldn’t make a significant reduction in weight and central or total body fat among overweight women.

Effects of Wet and Dry Intermittent Fasting on Weight and Cardiovascular Risk Indicators

Intermittent fasting (IF) has two broad types: wet (with water) and dry (without water) fasting. Studies suggest that both are effective for reducing weight and for promoting overall metabolic well-being; however, their relative efficacy is not yet established. The study was a 9-day cross-over clinical trial with the purpose to compare the effectiveness of wet and dry fasting. Adult overweight women (n = 18) from Dhaka, Bangladesh were recruited as subjects of this study. It included 3 days of wet IF and 3 days of dry IF (14 h fasting and 50% calorie restriction), with a 3-day washout period (ad libitum intake) in between. Both types of IF resulted in significant weight loss. The loss was significantly higher after 3 days of dry IF (−0.23 ± 0.02 kg; P < 0.05). Waist circumference and BMI were significantly reduced in both interventions (P <0.05) and diastolic pressure changed significantly after dry fasting (P <0.05). None of the biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, atherogenic coefficient, and fasting plasma glucose) changed significantly within or between interventions. The intervention compliance percentage was high for both, with no significant difference. The study findings suggest that both wet and dry IF were effective for weight loss but dry IF was more effective. The biochemical parameters did not change significantly in short term and so longer trials are needed. [Trial registration number: UMIN000041481] Bioresearch Commu. 8(1): 1053-1060, 2022 (January)

The relationship between overweight and female infertility

Excessive weight seems to negatively influence fertility, and as it is a modifiable factor, understanding this relationship can contribute to infertility treatment. Adipose tissue is responsible for releasing several hormones and cytokines related to the reproductive system, such as leptin, TNF-a, and Interleukin-6, substances that can negatively impact female fertility. Additionally, a woman's diet and lifestyle can influence body weight and fertility. Food consumption, characterized by a high intake of foods with high energy density, high levels of sugar, saturated fat, and poor nutrients, as well as physical inactivity, can favor excessive weight. Thus, losing body weight obtained through a healthy diet associated with physical activity may restore fertility in overweight women.

Resistance Exercise Reduces the Necessity for Hypoglycemic Agent (Humulin) in Overweight Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is currently treated with blood sugar monitoring, nutritional supplements, increased fatal police work, and hypoglycemic agent medical help PRN to achieve and maintain normoglycemia. Even though humulin therapy has been demonstrated to reduce low birth weight in women with GDM, using hypoglycemic drugs is likely challenging and may not address peripheral hypoglycemic agent resistance, which is a critical role in the development of GDM. Furthermore, the use of aggressive low blood sugar medication therapy may result in a twofold rise in the amount of small-for-gestational-age infants. The resistance exercise was used in overweight women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Because resistance exercise increase the lean body muscle or decrease the body fat and Resistance exercise is an effective glycaemic management and cardio metabolic health strategy. Methods: Fifteen patients with physiological condition DM were arbitrarily assigned whether it's to a group that received strength training or to a group that did not receive strength training to scale back the necessity for the hypoglycaemic agent. Results: Despite therapy, the number of girls who required hypoglycemic agent medical care has been the same. However, a meta-analysis with only overweight girls (pre-pregnancy BMI) revealed that the exercise cluster used to have a lower rate of hypoglycemic medication use (P<05) than that of the non-exercise receiving patients. Conclusion: Resistance exercise coaching might facilitate to avoid hypoglycaemic agent medical aid for pregnant overweight girls with physiological state diabetes

Low and Moderate Intensity Exercise Decreased Body Fat and Increased Free Fatty Acid in Overweight Women

Highlight:Aerobic exercise was reduced body fat and increased free fatty acids.LICT and MICT decreased body fat and increased free fatty acids. Abstract:Overweight is fat imbalances can affect the health. It is one of the problems in many countries, especially Indonesia recorded an increase case in 2007 (8.8%) to 2013 (13.5%). Overweight categorized by 25-30 kg/m2 body mass index in units (Organization 2018). Figures overweight can be pressed to provide some treatments, such as aerobics sports activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of Continuous Low Intensity Training (LICT) and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) to decrease body fat content (FM) and increase in free fatty acids (FFA) in overweight women. 18 female subjects completed the study 4X/week exercise LICT or MICT for 5 weeks. LICT and MICT performed for 30 minutes with an additional 5 minutes warm-up and 5 minutes of cooling down with LICT intensity of 60%-70% and MICT 70%-80% of maximum HR where both types of exercise using ergo cycle while measurement FM and FFA were measured before and after practice. LICT occurred decreasing in body fat and increasing in free fatty acids that significant pre and post LICT (p < 0.05). MICT occurred decreasing in body fat and increasing in free fatty acids that significant pre and post MICT (p<0.05). In the second comparison group (LICT and MICT) were decline against body fat and an increased in free fatty acids between workouts Low-Intensity Continuous Training (LICT) greater tendency than Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) with delta FM (p = 0.120) and delta FFA (p=0.131) in which the value is >0.05. LICT and MICT was increase while body fat was decreased. The results of a comparison test occur list downward trend in body fat while in free fatty acids was increased.

Frequency of Overweight Women and Ovarian Enlargement among Females Presented with Pelvic Pain Complains

Objective: To determine the frequency of overweight females and ovarian enlargement among women presenting with pelvic pain complaints at rural Health facilities of district Tando Muhammad Khan. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at physiology department of Sindh University with the collaboration of different rural health facilities of Tando Muhammad Khan, Sindh. All the females presented with pelvic pain and age more than 18 and up to 45 years were included. Body mass index (BMI) was assessed by the ratio of the individual's weight in kilograms divided by the height in meters squared (BMI = kg/m2). All the patients underwent ultrasound examination. Data collection was done by structured study proforma. Analysis of the data was done by the SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 239 women with pelvic pain complaints were studied, their mean age was 32.79+4.31 years. Neoplastic ovarian lesions were seen amogn12.54% of the cases. Cystic ovarian lesions were among 30.54% of the females, 5.01% had ovarian mass and 21.33% females had mixed pathologies. BMI was normal among 62.76% cases, while 20.08% women were overweight, 03.34% were obese and 13.8%females were underweight. Conclusion: Overweight females and ovarian enlargement were observed to be highly frequent among females presented with pelvic pain complaints. Cystic enlargement was observed to be the commonest cause of ovarian enlargement.