Your politeness is my impoliteness

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeko Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Japanese Adults

It is often noted that usage of Japanese honorifics has been changing over the years (see, for example, Keigo no Shishin ‘Guidelines on honorifics’, Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyujo 2007), Yet, ‘average’ Japanese adults are expected to use honorifics correctly, observing their rules, or grammar. But do they all share the same understanding of honorific rules, especially given the ongoing change in usage? If they do not, why? What are its consequences? To address these questions, this study examines native speakers’ metapragmatic comments on honorifics expressed in blogs. In particular, it focuses on their understandings of grammatical categories and indexical meanings of honorifics – a topic largely understudied. The analyses show wide diversity in the interpretation of same honorific forms, including contrary interpretations concerning politeness, which is highly related to the divergent understandings of honorific categories, the ambiguity of concepts such as respect and politeness, and language ideologies that mediate honorific forms and their meanings.

nr="309"Innere Sicherheit, Sprache und Biographie. : Eine biographietheoretische Perspektive auf einen komplexen Zusammenhang

2021 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-325
Author(s):  
Nadja Thoma
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Innere Sicherheit

Zusammenfassung Im Kontext der zunehmenden Versicherheitlichung von Migration, deren Bedeutung auch für sprachliche Bildung im Kontext nationaler und globaler Sicherheitsagenden diskutiert wird, werden bestimmte Gruppen von Migrant*innen als Sicherheitsbedrohung konstruiert. Die Instrumentalisierung von Sprache für Identitätspolitik, die im Konzept von Sprache als ,Schlüssel zur Integration‘ besonders deutlich wird und unter Rückgriff auf Sprachideologien erklärt werden kann, bleibt nicht ohne Folgen für Angehörige minorisierter Gruppen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, was ,innere Sicherheit‘ für Student*innen bedeutet, denen zugeschrieben wird, keine ,native speaker‘ zu sein. Den Bezugspunkt der ,inneren Sicherheit‘ bildet dabei nicht der Nationalstaat, sondern das Subjekt. Aus einer biographieanalytischen Perspektive wird rekonstruiert, mit welchen (Un-)Sicherheitsdimensionen die Subjekte an der Universität und in Hinblick auf ihre beruflichen Pläne konfrontiert sind, wie Sicherheit und Sprache biographisch eingebettet sind und welche Strategien und Wege die Student*innen (nicht) nutzen (können), um ihre Sicherheitsspielräume zu erweitern.Abstract: In light of the increasing securitization of migration, language education is discussed as part of national and global security agendas, and certain groups of migrants have been constructed as a security threat. The instrumentalization of language for identity politics is particularly evident in the concept of language as a ‘key to integration’ and can be explained with language ideologies. These ideologies are not without consequences for members of minoritized groups. The article at hand explores the meaning of ‘internal security’ for university students who are not considered ‘native speakers’. The reference point of ‘internal security’ is not the nation state, but the subject. From a biographical-analytical perspective, the article reconstructs dimensions of security and insecurity which the subjects confront at university with regard to their professional aims. It will explore how the connection between security and language is embedded in their biographies, as well as the strategies and pathways students can and cannot use to expand their security scope.

scholarly journals Perceptie van toon en vocaalduur in het dialect van Weert

1970 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Jo Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Grammatical Categories

This study investigates the perceptual relevance of vowel duration and pitchmovement alignment to lexical tone identification in the Dutch-Limburgdialect of Weert. For this purpose a perception experiment was carried out inwhich listeners identified a series of experimental stimuli differing in vowelduration and tonal alignment as instances of the grammatical categories 'singular'or 'plural'. The results of this experiment suggest that native speakers ofthe Weert dialect are most sensitive to vowel duration differences. Only whenvowel duration is ambiguous, tonal alignment enables them to disambiguatethe stimuli. This supports the tonal re-interpretion hypothesis in terms ofvowel duration.

Deferring to the Other

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-148
Author(s):  
Joseph Sung-Yul Park
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Linguistic Insecurity

This chapter discusses how the notion of linguistic insecurity can illuminate the processes by which essentialist conceptions of language and identity—in particular, the persistent colonial ideology of nativeness—contribute to the hegemonic status of English in neoliberalism. This chapter conceptualizes linguistic insecurity in terms of tensions that speakers experience between conflicting language ideologies. Focusing on the case of Korean mid-level managers working in non-Korean multinational corporations abroad, the chapter argues that the notion of linguistic insecurity allows us to explore how conflicting ideologies about English in neoliberalism—one in which English is valorized as a commodifiable resource available to anyone through projects of self-development, and one in which who counts as a legitimate speaker of English is defined in ethnonational terms—can jointly create a sense of insecurity in those who are traditionally considered non-native speakers of English, and rationalize the inequalities they are subjected to in neoliberalism.

Using key part-of-speech analysis to examine spoken discourse by Taiwanese EFL learners

ReCALL ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Liang Lin
Keyword(s):  
English Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Spoken Interaction

AbstractThis study reports on a corpus analysis of samples of spoken discourse between a group of British and Taiwanese adolescents, with the aim of exploring the statistically significant differences in the use of grammatical categories between the two groups of participants. The key word method extended to a part-of-speech level using the web-based corpus analytical tool, Wmatrix, highlights those linguistic domains which deserve particular attention. Specifically, it reveals the lexical and grammatical categories that occur unusually frequently or unusually infrequently in the English learners’ discourse when compared with the language used by the native speakers of English in the sample. The research findings delineate the pedagogical merit of key domain analysis and thus help to inform English as a foreign language teachers and materials developers in the design of courses emphasising spoken interaction.

scholarly journals Schwerpunkte immer noch schwer? Einige Überlegungen über die deutsche Grammatik für slawische native speakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Olga Kostrova ◽  
Izabela Prokop
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Mother Tongue ◽  
State University ◽  
Error Prevention ◽  
Grammatical Categories ◽  
Suitable Measure ◽  
Adam Mickiewicz

The aim of this article is to present the project of a contrastive Polish-German and Russian-German grammar, which arose as a result of the cooperation between Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education and Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan. The idea of a unilateral grammar which is based on the categories of the mother tongue of the learner and is aimed at the foreign language to be learned, is designed as a suitable measure within the framework of error prevention. The grammar contains selected grammatical categories that are significant sources of errors for native Slavic speakers

National identity and belonging among gay ‘new speakers’ of Irish

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Walsh
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
New Speakers

Abstract ‘New speakers’ refer to people who use a language regularly but are not traditional ‘native’ speakers of that language. Although this discussion has been going on for some time in other sub-disciplines of linguistics, it is more recent in research about European minoritised languages. A feature of discourse around such languages relates to their perceived suitability for diverse urban settings removed from their historical rural heartlands. Irish is an example of a minoritised language which was long associated with conservative rural communities, a reified Catholic discourse of national identity and language ideologies based on nativism. Such an approach not only marginalised urban new speakers of Irish but also exhibited hostility to LGBTQ citizens who did not befit its particular version of Irishness. In this paper, a framework of Critical Sociolinguistics is used to analyse identity positions and ideologies expressed by urban new speakers of Irish who identify as gay and/or queer.

Language ideology, identity and the commodification of language in the call centers of Pakistan

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
TARIQ RAHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Call Centers ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Language Policies ◽  
Linguistic Capital ◽  
Language Discrimination ◽  
Sales Strategy

ABSTRACTThis article relates the language ideologies of Pakistan in general, and its call centers in particular, with the language policies and practices of the latter. The specific policy focused upon is the commodification of English with a near-native (American or British) accent as linguistic capital. These accents are indexed to the desired foreign identities which the workers of call centers perform in telephonic interaction with clients as part of their sales strategy. This crossing over to native-speaker linguistic identities is not always successful. When successful, however, some workers in the call centers pass as native speakers in certain contexts and for certain purposes. Such practices and the policies upon which they are contingent are consequences of language ideologies that entail language discrimination against the workers of the call centers by the Pakistani English-using elite, and vice versa. (English, commodification of language, accent, linguistic capital, language policy, identity, passing, crossing, call centers, Pakistan)

Deontological issues, language ideologies and reflexivity in linguistics

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valelia Muni Toke
Keyword(s):  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Ideal Language ◽  
Language Needs

Given the fact that ‘native’ speakers and linguists both can be considered as experts in language, the specificity of their knowledge(s) of language needs to be described. The reflexive discourses they respectively produce seem to indicate a difference in the perception of temporality (speakers tend to stress the loss of an ideal language throughout the ages, whereas linguists tend to see scientific findings as positively oriented towards progress) and in the capacity of acknowledging ignorance. In this respect, the present paper analyzes two kinds of data: Guidelines produced by linguists acting as experts for language analysis in asylum cases, and elicited interviews collected in the field within an anthropological framework.

“Late dividends of the British Empire”: Language ideologies and the native/non-native question in online newspaper comments

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-153
Author(s):  
Andrew Sewell
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Business World ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
Ideological Perspective

Abstract As the use of English as a lingua franca increases in a range of contexts, one question that has received recent media attention is that of whether native or non-native speakers are more effective communicators in these contexts. The native/non-native question resists a straightforward answer, but taking account of the views of people in the business world is a necessary step towards understanding the underlying issues. This article investigates the nature and origin of these views by analysing online newspaper comments written in response to a column in the Financial Times. It first identifies several topics related to the native/non-native question, including perceived differences between and within the two categories. It then discusses these topics from a language-ideological perspective, aiming to identify the patterns of beliefs and assumptions that inform the comments. Although this perspective involves a critical evaluation of the binary “native/non-native” opposition, the article identifies several important effects of the native speaker concept, ranging from outright discrimination to feelings of frustration and inhibition. It portrays the comments as both reflecting and questioning the ideological premises of the native speaker concept, and it considers the implications of the approach for ELF research and for the wider study of international communication.

scholarly journals Language Ideologies and Learning Historical Minority Languages

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
Attila Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Historical Discourses

Language ideologies surrounding the learning of historical minority languages deserve more/closer attention because due to the strong nation state ideology, the relation between majority and minority languages has long been problematic, and native speakers of majority languages do not typically learn the languages of the minorities voluntarily. This article discusses the language ideologies of voluntary learners of Swedish and Hungarian in two contexts where these languages are historical minority languages. Data was collected at evening courses in Oradea, Romania and Jyväskylä, Finland on which a qualitative analysis was conducted. In the analysis, an ethnographic and discourse analysis perspective was adopted, and language ideologies were analyzed in their interactional form, acknowledging the position of the researcher in the co-construction of language ideologies in the interviews. The results show that the two contexts are very different, although there are also similarities in the language ideologies of the learners which seem to be significantly influenced by the prevailing historical discourses in place about the use and role of these languages. In the light of resilient historical metanarratives, I suggest that the challenges related to the learning of historical minority languages lie in the historical construction of modern ethnolinguistic nation-states and the present trajectories of such projects. At the same time, the learning of historical languages in contemporary globalized socio-cultural contexts can build on new post-national ideologies, such as the concept of learning historical languages as commodities.

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