scholarly journals Vistas for the Politicization of Scientific Knowledge Through the Lens of Post-Normal Science

2021 ◽  
Vol V (4) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Vladimir Porus ◽  
Valentin Bazhanov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Normal Science ◽  
Political Actor ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Post Industrial

The article summarizes some results of the discussion, which has the goal to grope the prospects for science to acquire the status of a political actor in contest with the emergence of the phenomenon of post-normal science. Leaning upon the comments and considerations expressed by the participants in the discussion, questions raised for a further, more in-depth study of the problem of politicizing science. These questions assess the importance of forecasts of human society development within the context of the constantly growing and deterrent problems of life support that accompany the movement towards the post-industrial era on a global scale.

Humanitarian and Technological Revolution: Experience and Challenges of Engineering Evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Aleksandr I. Ageev ◽  
◽  
Alexander V. Putilov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Post Industrial

Changing the priorities of economic development in transition to post-industrial society inevitably causes reviewing approaches to the role of innovation in modern economy. If in the era of industrial development of society innovations are considered mainly as a factor of technological development, in case of a post-industrial society innovations should be considered in a broader perspective. Innovative technologies in all their diversity are being introduced not only in the technological sphere, but also in education, in the service industry, housing and communal services, life support sphere, etc. The problem of shifting regions and separate territories to innovative development approaches is one of the key issues in forming an economy based on knowledge. “Nuclear” cities, where development of nuclear technologies is implemented both for defense and civilian purposes (nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel production, etc.), can be ideally used as territories of advanced social and economic development (TASED) primarily thanks to human potential of these cities. The article analyzes recent humanitarian and technological changes, called the “humanitarian technological revolution” (HTR), and their impact on the speed and effectiveness of innovative changes in this area.

Sweetpotato genetic resources: today and tomorrow

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Jarret ◽  
◽  
Noelle L. Anglin ◽  
David Ellis ◽  
Arthur Villordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Germplasm Storage ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Generation Sequencing

The sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is the sixth most important food crop on a global scale. While China accounts for about 80% of global production, Nigeria, Uganda, Indonesia and Tanzania are also large producers of sweetpotato. The chapter examines the origin and dispersal of sweetpotato, including archaeological data for the early distribution of the crop, before moving on to considering its general botany. The chapter considers in vitro germplasm storage in sweetpotato genebanks, as well as issues of quality control. The chapter looks at the importance of managing sweetpotato crop wild relatives (CWR) and examines plant quarantine and phytosanitary issues and the status of genebanks under international treaties. The chapter considers a number of specific issues associated with sweetpotato germplasm. Finally, the chapter looks at the application of next-generation sequencing to sweetpotato and its CWR, before looking ahead to future trends in this area.

scholarly journals Organization and Application of ECLS Therapy—A Nationwide Survey in German Cardiosurgical Departments

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Alexander Assmann ◽  
Udo Boeken ◽  
Stefan Klotz ◽  
Wolfgang Harringer ◽  
Andreas Beckmann
Keyword(s):  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Extracorporeal Life Support ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Circulatory Support ◽  
Anticoagulation Management ◽  
The Status

Background In context of the multidisciplinary German scientific guideline “Use of extracorporeal circulation (extracorporeal life support [ECLS]/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) for cardiac and circulatory failure,” a nationwide survey should depict the status of organization and application of ECLS therapy in Germany. Methods Between June and October 2017, a standardized questionnaire consisting of 30 items related to ECLS therapy was sent to all German cardiosurgical departments, and all returned results were analyzed and evaluated. Results The return rate amounted to 92.9% (78 out of 84 departments). In the participating departments, ECLS therapy is subject to different responsibilities, and exhibits divergent processes and various ways for specialization of the involved personnel. This also concerns local application standards, such as cannulation strategies, anticoagulation management, left ventricular unloading, antiwatershed treatment, and weaning from circulatory support. Conclusion This nationwide survey underlines the necessity of a multidisciplinary guideline concerning ECLS therapy.

scholarly journals Survey on Pressure Situation of Professional Women and Causes Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Xu Tingting ◽  
Zuo Yuxiu ◽  
Ma Cunhong
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Work Efficiency ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Study

<span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">With the development of society and the rise of women's status, professional women become non-ignorable in the workplace. The development of professional women also results in all kinds of pressure. Through the survey of the status of professional women's occupational pressure, this paper aims to analyze the differences of the total pressure in age, disposition, education, marital status, type of work and demographics, so as to explore the main factors; besides, this paper will also study the coping situation and discuss the relationship between the way of release and occupational pressure. Hope to conduct a more in-depth study of professional women's stress from wider angles in all around, providing a scientific basis for most professional women to adjust the physical and mental state, relieve stress, avoid the negative effects of burnout and improve work efficiency. This research has adopted cluster sampling method, surveyed by way of questionnaire, and discussed the status and influencing factors of women's occupational stress. The investigation on the influencing factors and countermeasures of female occupational stress could provide a more effective way of pressure relief for the majority of women, improve their work efficiency and better serve society! Therefore, it becomes an important topic to study the stress of professional women.</span>

scholarly journals IN THE TRAJECTORY OF ECONOMIC REFORMS: SCIENCE AND SCIENCE POLICY IN THE YEARS OF THE “KHRUSHCHEV’S DECADE”

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Evgeny G. Vodichev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
General Line ◽  
The Status ◽  
Post War ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Technical Complex ◽  
Science In Society ◽  
Post Industrial

The paper is devoted to the problems of the USSR scientific and technology (S&T) policy during the “Khrushchev’s decade”, presented as part of the macroeconomic policy. The analysis is carried out in the context of economic reforms and experiments implemented in the country. The main components of S&T policy are revealed, the evolution of its structure and content in comparison with the first post-war decade is shown. In the analysis of S&T policy, the main attention is paid to the reflection of the status of science as a driver of economic development in the context of global challenges and the formation of new techno-economic paradigms. The emphasis on the applied function of research and development (R&D) proclaimed in the framework of S&T policy is presented as a reflection of the traditional for the USSR interpretations of the place and role of science in society under new conditions of scientific and technological revolution as a Soviet counter-thesis to the concepts of post-industrial society. The connection of decision-making mechanisms in the field of S&T policy with general line of Khrushchev’s populism, and the emerging practice of “bureaucratic bargaining” is outlined. The basic trends of approaches to planning in science and coordination in the field of R&D are identified, the directions of organisational restructuring in the governing of the scientific and technical complex are shown. It is concluded that S&T policy in the mid-1950s — 1960s remained a function of economic policy, that a unified S&T policy in the country under N. S. Khrushchev had not been formed. At the same time, the return on innovation remained at a low level.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of State Sovereignty: Past and Present

2020 ◽  
pp. 688-699
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Chekalenko
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Order ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
World War ◽  
Weak State ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Defence

The article examines the current condition of the status of state sovereignty, which is being gradually replaced by such social and political phenomenon as sovereignism. The author is convinced that the reason of its current rise is the weakening of sovereignty, the artificially made, legally enshrined, and not always successful mechanism of the state’s existence. Sovereignism became widely spread in the aftermath of World War II. The erstwhile world order in international relations rested upon state sovereignty, where the strong provided assistance to the weak in return for certain privileges, and the weak sought to find a protector of their sovereignty among the world’s leaders and international organisations. The author states any social phenomenon has to develop and evolve. This is also the case with sovereignty, an obsolete form of the state’s existence, which is searching for new variants of development on the global scale. Sovereignism may be regarded as a new pattern in the development of sovereignty and a means of weakening it. At the same time, it may be viewed as an impetus to strengthening sovereignty. Sovereignism has led to deadly wars and the influx of migrants all around the world; it is a hazardous challenge of the present. This fever of forgone political ambitions transcending state borders and spreading all over the globe is destructing established norms, traditions, and stability. Sovereignism is creating a new social identity in regions at war, which is a dangerous challenge for national security. Thus, sovereignism brings instability, chaos, clashes, and human toll. The author draws a conclusion that given current developments the protection of a weak state is possible only through integration with advanced economies and international agencies able to take responsibility for their partners and, most importantly, through building one’s own national defence forces. Keywords: nationalism, sovereignty, human rights, dignity, war.

scholarly journals Global Problems of Mankind: The Status and Prospects of Solving

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
O. V. Ptashchenko ◽  
◽  
D. Y. Arkhypova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
General Nature ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Status

The article examines the main global problems of the modern world space, defining the main tendencies of overcoming the crisis and the further path of human development. Globalization indicates the general nature of most processes meaningful to mankind. Modern humanity represents an indivisible system of economic, political, social and cultural ties and interactions, which is significative for the unity of its future destiny. Informatization became the basis of globalization, reflecting the current level of technology development. Global problems are problems affecting all mankind, influencing the course of economic development and social sphere, also ecology and political stability. These problems require international cooperation, since none, even a highly developed State, is able solve them on its own. The number of hungry people in the world has increased over the past few years. Now every ninth person in the world is starving every day, suffering from a lack of nutrition. Both the food scarcity and hunger are among the greatest threats to the overall health of the human population exceeding malaria, tuberculosis or HIV. Responsibility for the planet should begin with responsibility for the country, because the crisis of a separate country complicates the world situation in the political aspect; ecological and resource crises jeopardize environmental equilibrium and complicate the problem of resources on a global scale; an economic crisis leads to social consequences in other countries.

scholarly journals Engineering Properties of Sea Ice

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (81) ◽  
pp. 499-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Schwarz ◽  
W. F. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
The Status

AbstractAs the continental shelves of the Arctic become important as source areas for the oil and minerals required by human society, sea ice becomes an increasing challenge to engineers. The present paper starts with a consideration of the different fields of engineering which require information on sea ice with the tasks ranging from the design of ice-breaking ships to Arctic drilling platforms and man-made ice islands. Then the structure of sea ice is described as it influences the observed variations in physical properties. Next the status of our knowledge of the physical properties important to engineering is reviewed. Properties discussed include mechanical properties (compressive, tensile, shear and flexural strengths; dynamic and static elastic moduli; Poisson’s ratio), friction and adhesion, thermal properties (specific and latent heats, thermal conductivity and diffusivity, density) and finally electromagnetic properties (dielectric permittivity and loss, resistivity). Particular attention is given to parameters such as temperature, strain-rate, brine volume, and loading direction as they affect property variations. Gaps, contradictions in the data, and inadequacies in testing techniques are pointed out. Finally suggestions are made for future research, especially for more basic laboratory studies designed to provide the data base upon which further theoretical developments as well as field studies can be built.

Use of Nuclear Energy and Sustainable Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 1070-1072 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Fang Chen ◽  
Qiang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Plant Safety ◽  
The Status ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant Safety ◽  
Safety Operation

Nuclear energy as a clean energy, with the gradual depletion of traditional energy, is particularly important. In this paper, the status of the application of nuclear technology was reviewed. And problems during the use of nuclear energy were addressed, including environmental issue generated by radioactive mineral extraction, radwaste disposal, nuclear power plant safety operation. Although, there are still some problems in the process of nuclear energy use, undeniably nuclear energy is still the hope for the future of human society. Therefore, the technical and management improvement can achieve sustainable development of nuclear energy, in order to ensure the safety of human energy use and sustainability.

Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Saline Aquifers: Physicochemical Processes, Key Constraints, and Scale-Up Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip S. Ringrose ◽  
Anne-Kari Furre ◽  
Stuart M.V. Gilfillan ◽  
Samuel Krevor ◽  
Martin Landrø ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Saline Aquifers ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Injection Wells ◽  
Physicochemical Processes

CO2 storage in saline aquifers offers a realistic means of achieving globally significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions at the scale of billions of tonnes per year. We review insights into the processes involved using well-documented industrial-scale projects, supported by a range of laboratory analyses, field studies, and flow simulations. The main topics we address are ( a) the significant physicochemical processes, ( b) the factors limiting CO2 storage capacity, and ( c) the requirements for global scale-up. Although CO2 capture and storage (CCS) technology can be considered mature and proven, it requires significant and rapid scale-up to meet the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement. The projected growth in the number of CO2 injection wells required is significantly lower than the historic petroleum industry drill rates, indicating that decarbonization via CCS is a highly credible and affordable ambition for modern human society. Several technology developments are needed to reduce deployment costs and to stimulate widespread adoption of this technology, and these should focus on demonstration of long-term retention and safety of CO2 storage and development of smart ways of handling injection wells and pressure, cost-effective monitoring solutions, and deployment of CCS hubs with associated infrastructure. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 12 is June 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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