The Development of Professional Developers: Learning to Assist Teachers in New Settings in New Ways

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Kay Stein ◽  
Margaret Schwan Smith ◽  
Edward Silver
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Interpersonal Sensitivity ◽  
Educational Reforms ◽  
Common Features ◽  
School Settings

In this article, Mary Kay Stein, Margaret Schwan Smith, and Edward A. Silver identify and describe the challenges that practicing teacher educators and professional developers are likely to encounter as they design and implement new programs to help teachers learn new paradigms of teaching and learning amidst current educational reforms. The authors call attention to the fact that, just as teachers will need to relearn their teaching practice, so will experienced professional developers need to relearn their craft, which traditionally has been defined as providing courses, workshops, and seminars. This article focuses on two professional developers who engaged in long-term efforts to work with teachers in new ways, identifying the tensions that each actually faced. The cases illustrate the challenges that professional developers may encounter in supporting the transformation of teachers, including learning how to work with groups of teachers in school settings, expanding their repertoires beyond workshops and courses, and balancing interpersonal sensitivity with the need to challenge prevailing practices and beliefs. The final section of the article looks across the two cases and begins to map out common features of the terrain through which practicing professional developers can expect to travel.

Teaching and learning L2 in the classroom: It's about time

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patsy M. Lightbown ◽  
Nina Spada
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
First Language ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Intensive Instruction ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

AbstractOne of the challenges facing second and foreign language (L2) teachers and learners in primary and secondary school settings is the limited amount of time available. There is disagreement about how to meet this challenge. In this paper we argue against two ‘common sense’ recommendations for increasing instructional time – start as early as possible and use only the L2 (avoiding the use of the first language (L1)) in the classroom. We propose two better ways to increase the instructional time: provide periods of intensive instruction later in the curriculum and integrate the teaching of language and content. Studies in schools settings around the world have failed to find long-term advantages for an early start or exclusive use of the L2 in the classroom. Nevertheless, many language educators and policy makers continue to adopt these practices, basing their choice on their own intuitions and public opinion rather than on evidence from research.

scholarly journals Mathematics educator teacher stories

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Signe E. Kastberg ◽  
Elizabeth Suazo-Flores ◽  
Sue Ellen Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Teacher Stories ◽  
Counter Narrative ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Teacher stories/autobiographies have been used by mathematics teacher educators (MTEs) to gain insight into prospective teachers’ (PTs) experience with mathematics, yet stories of MTEs’ motivation for and learning by engaging PTs in creating teacher stories is less understood. We fill this gap by narrating our experiences gaining insight into motivations for engaging PTs in creating teacher stories. Artifacts from our teaching practice, discussions of the work of Dewey and Rogers, and reflections were used to create themes that informed the plot line of each narrative. Findings focus on ways that teacher stories sustain PTs and MTEs by creating a living counter-narrative to the narrative of teacher evaluation MTEs and PTs live in the United States. We argue that MTEs’ motivations for collecting PTs’ teacher stories are informed by MTEs’ life experiences and the development of MTEs’ views of teaching and learning to teach.

scholarly journals "And My Screen Wouldn't Share": Student-Teachers' Perceptions of ICT in Online Teaching Practice and Online Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-529
Author(s):  
Nicola Fořtová ◽  
Jitka Sedláčková ◽  
František Tůma
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
The Face

The sudden switch to online teaching enforced by the covid-19 pandemic has impacted teacher education at universities, particularly micro-teachings and teaching practice, as technology has become an inherent part of these processes. The growing body of literature on online teaching and teacher education during lockdown conditions mainly addresses challenges in teacher education and educator perceptions. However, very few studies deal with the perceptions of student- teachers. To fill this gap, a group of teacher educators conducted a research study with 63 students enrolled in a master’s Degree in Teaching efl for Secondary Schools offered at Masaryk University, Czechia. To carry it out, qualitative coding procedures were employed on a dataset of 120 lesson reflections written by students completing their teaching practice via online courses which were ordinarily conducted in person. The purpose was to find out how student-teachers perceived technology use when teaching online. The main findings show that, despite constant comparison between the face-to-face and online classrooms and an initial reliance on the success of technology to determine a lesson’s success, the majority of student-teachers normalized technology as a platform for teaching, using technology-specific language for teaching strategies and classroom events. These findings suggest that online teaching and learning should be seen as an integral part of teacher education.

scholarly journals Pre-service Teachers’ Views of Their Training: Key Issues to Sustain Quality Teacher Education

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Assunção Flores ◽  
Patrícia Santos ◽  
Sandra Fernandes ◽  
Diana Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Initial Teacher Education ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
Key Issues

Abstract This paper draws upon data from a broader piece of research aimed at examining pre-service teachers' views of their initial teacher education within the context of a master’s degree programme in teaching. The data were collected through questionnaires and written narratives at the beginning and at the end of the programme. In this paper, the data arising from 47 narratives at the end of the programme are presented. Five categories emerged from the qualitative data: curriculum content, teaching practice, the role of teacher educators, teaching and learning methods, the organisational aspects and structure of the programme. Although the participants identified positive aspects of the initial teacher education programme, they also stress that there is room for improvement, especially with regard to a greater coherence of the curriculum and a better articulation of its different components. Implications of the findings for enhancing the quality of initial teacher education and the role of teachers’ educators are discussed.

scholarly journals "And My Screen Wouldn't Share": Student-Teachers' Perceptions of ICT in Online Teaching Practice and Online Teaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-529
Author(s):  
Nicola Fořtová ◽  
Jitka Sedláčková ◽  
František Tůma
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Student Teachers ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Teachers Perceptions ◽  
The Face

The sudden switch to online teaching enforced by the covid-19 pandemic has impacted teacher education at universities, particularly micro-teachings and teaching practice, as technology has become an inherent part of these processes. The growing body of literature on online teaching and teacher education during lockdown conditions mainly addresses challenges in teacher education and educator perceptions. However, very few studies deal with the perceptions of student- teachers. To fill this gap, a group of teacher educators conducted a research study with 63 students enrolled in a master’s Degree in Teaching efl for Secondary Schools offered at Masaryk University, Czechia. To carry it out, qualitative coding procedures were employed on a dataset of 120 lesson reflections written by students completing their teaching practice via online courses which were ordinarily conducted in person. The purpose was to find out how student-teachers perceived technology use when teaching online. The main findings show that, despite constant comparison between the face-to-face and online classrooms and an initial reliance on the success of technology to determine a lesson’s success, the majority of student-teachers normalized technology as a platform for teaching, using technology-specific language for teaching strategies and classroom events. These findings suggest that online teaching and learning should be seen as an integral part of teacher education.

scholarly journals CLIL4CHILDREN: Teaching Materials for CLIL Lessons in Maths, Geography and Science for Primary School

e-TEALS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (s1) ◽  
pp. 132-152
Author(s):  
Margarida Morgado
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Development ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Access To Knowledge

Abstract This article describes the didactic principles underlying the creation of a ready-made fifteen lesson plan package for primary CLIL (for Maths, Geography and Science) for pupils aged 5 to 12, developed through the collaboration of an international group of English and primary teachers, teacher educators, researchers and teaching materials developers across four European countries in the framework of the CLIL for Children (C4C) project (2015-2018) on educating teachers for CLIL teaching environments. These principles are presented in the framework of a brief state-of-the art discussion on the lack of ready-made teaching materials for CLIL, their importance for teacher development and quality teaching and learning in CLIL classrooms, and criteria they should conform to. The article proceeds by summarising the findings of two C4C surveys, one on best CLIL teaching practice through national reports of four European countries (Italy, Portugal, Poland and Romania) and the other on Open Educational Resources (OER) available for CLIL Maths, Science and Geography, as well as by drawing on C4C Guidelines. The article then demonstrates these principles in practice through a module of a three lesson plan sequence for CLIL Science on the topic “The World of Plants” by showing how language (vocabulary or content-specific terminology and language functions), specific communication skills, content and culture are integrated and developed through a child-centred, holistic (Brooks and Brooks), constructivist approach. Digital technologies are included as everyday learning processes for access to knowledge and playfulness in learning. Methodologies for active, experiential, discovery, problem solving and cooperative learning are foregrounded. The article further highlights how teacher cooperation and teacher identities (English and primary education teachers) as individuals with multilingual repertoires, expectations, and expertise are crucial for producing quality CLIL materials and resources.

Can Technologies Advance the Integration of Restorative Pedagogy into Teacher Education Curricula?

2016 ◽  
pp. 606-622
Author(s):  
Martha A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Relational Pedagogy ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Punitive Discipline ◽  
Discipline Policies

Educators across the globe familiar with the principles and practices of restorative justice have been changing the relational ecology in their schools by embracing restorative pedagogy and praxis that address power and status imbalances caused by authoritarianism and punitive discipline policies. This chapter introduces teacher educators and teachers to the philosophy and practices of restorative justice as implemented in school settings and projects an image of how teaching and learning technologies might facilitate the incorporation of restorative justice modules into a variety of teacher education course curricula. The chapter conceptualizes how technologies can provide a continuous source for professional growth and community-building in teacher education for teachers willing to explore and adopt restorative approaches and relational pedagogy.

Can Technologies Advance the Integration of Restorative Pedagogy into Teacher Education Curricula?

2014 ◽  
pp. 275-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Restorative Justice ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Learning Technologies ◽  
Relational Pedagogy ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Punitive Discipline ◽  
Discipline Policies

Educators across the globe familiar with the principles and practices of restorative justice have been changing the relational ecology in their schools by embracing restorative pedagogy and praxis that address power and status imbalances caused by authoritarianism and punitive discipline policies. This chapter introduces teacher educators and teachers to the philosophy and practices of restorative justice as implemented in school settings and projects an image of how teaching and learning technologies might facilitate the incorporation of restorative justice modules into a variety of teacher education course curricula. The chapter conceptualizes how technologies can provide a continuous source for professional growth and community-building in teacher education for teachers willing to explore and adopt restorative approaches and relational pedagogy.

The Implementation Of Make A-Match Model In Social Science Learning To Improve Student Learning Outcomes In Class IV SDN 115 Manado

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 2 Nomor 2 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Match Model ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Improve Student Learning

There is a tendency in the education field today to return to the idea that children will learn better if the environment is created naturally. Learning will be more meaningful if children "experience" themselves what they are learning, not 'knowing' it. Target-oriented learning of material mastery proves to be successful in short-term 'remembering' competitions, but fails to equip children to solve problems in long-term life. The problems that would to be studied in this study are: (a) how is the improvement of Social Science learning outcomes by applying the Make A-Match Model to it? (b) how does the Make A-Match Model apply towards the learning motivation? The objectives of this study are: (a) want to know the improvement in Social Science learning achievement after the implemetation of the Make A-Match Model. (b) want to know the effect of Make A-Match Model towards students’ motivation of the subject after it is applied. This research is used two rounds of action research. In each round consists of four stages, namely: design, activity and observation, reflection and revision. The target of this research is the fourth grade students of Mongodow. The data obtained in the form of formative test results, observation sheets of teaching and learning activities. From the results of analysts obtained student achievement has increased from cycle I to cycle II namely, cycle I (65%), cycle II (83%). The conclusion of this research is the Make A-Match Model of Social Science learning could positively influence the motivation of learning of central students, and this learning model could be used as an alternative to Social Science learning.

GA: Armani’s Giorgio Armani

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brooker ◽  
Margaret Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Shop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Fashion Designer ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Career Woman

The Armani high-fashion example illustrates the importance of adaptive rational methods in his founding and developing of an iconic high-fashion firm. Armani adapted stylistically to fashion’s new times in the 1970–80s by creating a new style catering for the career woman. His stylistic adaptation is compared with that of another famous Italian fashion designer, Versace, who instead modernized haute couture fashion and created a succession of glamourous styles. Both leaders exploited the same opportunity but in different ways. The third section compares these leaders’ legacies in the 1990s–2000s and assesses from a long-term perspective how capably they had used adaptive rational methods. The final section shifts the focus from fashion to the cosmetics industry and from Italy to the UK. Anita Roddick used adaptive rational methods to establish The Body Shop corporation in the 1970s–80s. However, she then abandoned rational methods with dire results for her corporation in the 1990s.

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