scholarly journals A new view of the native revolts in Spanish Florida and the West Indies in the 16th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Konstantin E. Ashrafyan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Spanish Florida ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Gender Factor ◽  
Step Over ◽  
The Relationship

This study is a more general research of the Christianization of Florida in the 16th and 18th centuries. This topic became a separate study since when compiling the chronology of Christianization and the foundation of settlements, there were revolts of local residents. When identifying the causes of these revolts, identical and recurring events were identified. To identify them we studied the cause-and-effect relationships between Spaniards and natives. We compared primary sources, their translations from various Spanish sources, as well as recent archaeological finds and research, reviewed data on the nature of the revolts, researchers work; we also compared the facts and the process of describing events during Christianization. To complete this work it was necessary to find the kinship and the root cause that gave rise to the prerequisites for the revolt. We decided to step over the theory of class struggle and apply the search for the cause of revolts in interpersonal relations (social psychology), studying the chronology of witnesses of that time. The author uses the gender factor, i.e. the relationship between man and woman, as a new concept when considering the processes of revolts of natives and introduces a new term expectation formula, applied to the relations between the local chiefs (caciques) and Spaniards. The gender factor is important as an increase or, conversely, as a decrease in the expectation formula, at a low or zero value when revolts begin. At the same time, the expectation formula has a clear dependence on the size of the ego of the local leaders, who assumed certain benefits for themselves and that can be seen in the formula of the cause-and-effect relationships that led to revolts against the Spanish crown. As a result, we came to the conclusion that socio-psychological and behavioral universal factors can explain both the acceptance and rejection of the union of aborigines with Europeans, without involving the study of the theory of class struggle. When the expectation factor was lowered or dropped, the union broke up, and this led to a revolt of the natives on the Spanish territories.

Conflictos por tomas de tierras y modos de intervención estatal: análisis de una experiencia del Alto Valle de Río Negro (Argentina)

2016 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Mariana Giaretto ◽  
Victoria Naffa
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
General Context ◽  
Land Occupation ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

ResumenEn este trabajo analizamos las relaciones entre tomas de tierras y Estado, en elAlto Valle de Río Negro en Argentina. En un contexto general de especulacióninmobiliaria, por la que se encarecen los precios de alquileres y terrenos, y depolíticas de vivienda selectivas y acotadas, los sectores populares acceden aun espacio en la ciudad mediante tomas de tierras. Frente a estos conflictos,el Estado, en sus diferentes niveles y poderes, despliega una forma deintervención basada en la criminalización de las luchas por tierra y vivienda.Al mismo tiempo, el poder ejecutivo nacional crea la Secretaría de Acceso alHábitat, para posibilitar la intervención política orientada a la regularizaciónde los asentamientos. Sin embargo, esta intervención tiende a reinscribir laproblemática habitacional en el campo político, para reducirla a un conflicto“entre partes”, eludiendo la responsabilidad estatal.Desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo, seleccionamos como referenteempírico el caso del asentamiento de Villa Obrera en Fiske, Menuco (Gral.Roca), y las técnicas de recolección de datos se basan en fuentes secundarias,como expedientes judiciales y normativa, y en fuentes primarias como son losrelatos de los protagonistas mediante entrevistas individuales y colectivas.Palabras clave: tomas de tierras, Estado, criminalización de los conflictos.Conflicts caused by land occupation and modesof State intervention: analysis of an experience ofAlto Valle in Río Negro (Argentina)AbstractThis paper analyzes the relationship between State and land occupation,at Alto Valle in Río Negro, Argentina. In a general context of real estatespeculation, where rents and land prices are expensive, and a policy ofselective and limited housing, popular sectors can have access to a spacein the city through land occupation. In front of these conflicts, the Statein its different levels and powers, displays a form of intervention basedon the criminalization of struggles for land and housing. At the sametime, the national executive creates the Secretariat of Access to Habitat,oriented to allow political intervention for the regularization of settlements.However, this intervention tends to re-register the housing problems in thepolitical arena, reducing it to a conflict “between parties” and eluding theresponsibility of the State.From a qualitative methodological approach, we selected as empirical referencethe case of the settlement of Villa Obrera in Fiske, Menuco (GeneralRoca). The techniques of data collection are based on secondary sources, suchas policy and legal records, and primary sources as the stories of protagoniststhrough individual and collective interviews.Keywords: land occupation, State, criminalization of conflicts.Conflitos sobre ocupações de terras e modos deintervenção do estado: análise de uma experiênciado Alto Valle do Rio Preto (Argentina)ResumoEste trabalho analisa as relações entre a posse de terra e o Estado, no AltoValle do Rio Preto, na Argentina. Num contexto geral da especulaçãoimobiliária, por qual se encarecem os preços do aluguel e das terras, e depolíticas de habitação seletivas e limitadas, os setores populares acedem aum espaço na cidade através de ocupações de terras. Frente a estes conflitos,o Estado, em seus diferentes níveis e poderes, desenvolve uma forma deintervenção com base na criminalização das lutas pela terra e vivenda. Aomesmo tempo, o poder executivo nacional cria a Secretaria de Acesso àHabitat para possibilitar à intervenção política orientada a regularização dosassentamentos. No entanto, esta intervenção tende a registrar os problemasde habitação no campo político, para reduzi-la a um conflito “entre aspartes”, iludindo a responsabilidade do Estado.A partir de uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, foi selecionado comoreferência empírica o caso do Assentamento de Villa Obrera em Fiske,Menuco (Gral. Roca), e as técnicas de recolecção de dados são baseados emfontes secundárias, como expedientes judiciais e normativos, e em fontes primárias como são as histórias dos protagonistas através de entrevistasindividuais e coletivas.Palavras-chave: tomada de terras, Estado, criminalização dos conflitos.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Konstan
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Ancient Ethics ◽  
Other Regarding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines the tension in classical thought between reciprocity and altruism as the two fundamental grounds of interpersonal relations within the city and, to a lesser extent, between citizens and foreigners. It summarizes the chapters that follow, and examines in particular the ideas of altruism and egoism and defends their application to ancient ethics. Various attempts to reconcile the two, especially in respect to Aristotle’s conception of virtue as other-regarding, are considered, and with the relationship to modern concepts of “egoism” and “altruism” is explored. The introduction concludes by noting that one of the premises of the book is that, in classical antiquity, love was deemed to play a larger role in the way people accounted for motivation in a number of domains, including friendship, loyalty, gratitude, grief, and civic harmony.

The Personal Sociability and Connections Scale (PeSCS): Development and initial assessment at a primary care facility

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402199351
Author(s):  
Emmanouil K Symvoulakis ◽  
Manolis Linardakis ◽  
Apostolos Kamekis ◽  
Myfanwy Morgan ◽  
Spyridon Klinis
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: An individual’s lack of social connections and social isolation is often associated with feelings of loneliness which is regarded as having a negative effect on health. This paper describes the development and assessment of a 10 item ‘Personal Sociability and Connections Scale’ (PeSCS) to measure individual’s disposition and accompanying skills to seek out companionship and engage in interpersonal relations. Methods: The study was conducted at a rural primary care unit in Northern Greece. A total of 199 attenders were recruited over a 6-week period in 2020 and questionnaires completed. This informed the 10-items PeSCS that comprises Social, Behavioral, and Emotional components focusing on the expression of social comfort, willingness to share experiences, stories and concepts, and feelings of similarity at first contact. Reliability of the PeSC scale was assessed and the relationship with scale scores examined as an indicator of convergent validity. A multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship of PeSC scale score with the characteristics of participants. Results: Assessment of reliability of PeSC scale produced a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.809. The relationship between components and the total PeSCS scores identified significant correlations ( p < .001). At a multivariate level, male gender was the sample characteristic with a significant association with scale levels ( p < .05) and higher annual income with Social component ( p < .05). Otherwise the distribution of sociability dispositions was similar across population groups. Conclusion: The 10-item PeSC scale forms a simple and quick to complete measure whose overall reliability was rated as ‘meritorious’. The PeSC instrument may be a useful tool for assessing the causes and appropriate responses to the negative health effects of loneliness and social isolation.

scholarly journals A Student’s Guide to the Classification and Operationalization of Variables in the Conceptualization and Design of a Clinical Study: Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chittaranjan Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Study ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
Know How ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Students without prior research experience may not know how to conceptualize and design a study. This article explains how an understanding of the classification and operationalization of variables is the key to the process. Variables describe aspects of the sample that is under study; they are so called because they vary in value from subject to subject in the sample. Variables may be independent or dependent. Independent variables influence the value of other variables; dependent variables are influenced in value by other variables. A hypothesis states an expected relationship between variables. A significant relationship between an independent and dependent variable does not prove cause and effect; the relationship may partly or wholly be explained by one or more confounding variables. Variables need to be operationalized; that is, defined in a way that permits their accurate measurement. These and other concepts are explained with the help of clinically relevant examples.

Science or Art? How Aesthetic Standards Grease the Way Through the Publication Bottleneck but Undermine Science

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Giner-Sorolla
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Results

The current crisis in psychological research involves issues of fraud, replication, publication bias, and false positive results. I argue that this crisis follows the failure of widely adopted solutions to psychology’s similar crisis of the 1970s. The untouched root cause is an information-economic one: Too many studies divided by too few publication outlets equals a bottleneck. Articles cannot pass through just by showing theoretical meaning and methodological rigor; their results must appear to support the hypothesis perfectly. Consequently, psychologists must master the art of presenting perfect-looking results just to survive in the profession. This favors aesthetic criteria of presentation in a way that harms science’s search for truth. Shallow standards of statistical perfection distort analyses and undermine the accuracy of cumulative data; narrative expectations encourage dishonesty about the relationship between results and hypotheses; criteria of novelty suppress replication attempts. Concerns about truth in research are emerging in other sciences and may eventually descend on our heads in the form of difficult and insensitive regulations. I suggest a more palatable solution: to open the bottleneck, putting structures in place to reward broader forms of information sharing beyond the exquisite art of present-day journal publication.

scholarly journals Recapitulation of the relationship between economic thoughts and realities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Hua Liang
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose It is rather common for China’s current academic circles to use western doctrines that originated in situ to explain China’s economic problems, a suspicion of scenario misplacement may thus arise. The root cause lies in the lack of reflection about the current relationship between economic thoughts and realities. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Correctly understanding economic thoughts associated with the brand of “that era” and effectively deducing its characteristics is of great significance to finding new features of this era and constructing new ideas with the characteristics of “this era.” Findings This motif is exactly the keynote on which to base the study of economic history and economic thought. Originality/value In a period of major historical turning points, the economic realities on which the economic thinking about that era (the era of economists) relied was undergoing major changes, and re-emphasizing the ancient topic of the relationship between economic thoughts and economic realities became particularly urgent.

scholarly journals The Quality of Interpersonal Relationships and Satisfaction with the Marriage of Young People

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-161
Author(s):  
G.S. Kozhukhar
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Young People ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Conflict Behavior ◽  
Marriage Satisfaction ◽  
Civil Marriage ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. Analysis of the relationship between the assessment of interpersonal relations and satisfaction with marriage among young spouses in an official and civil marriage. Background. Against the background of the growing number of divorces, the need to analyze and understand the factors associated with marriage satisfaction among nowday’s youth is increasing in order to develop programs for overcoming difficulties in communication and maintaining relationships. Study design. The work examined the relationship between interpersonal relationships and marital satisfaction. The presence and nature of the relationship was checked through correlation, regression, factor analysis and automatic modeling (SPSS). The survey was conducted individually or in a group before the start of the pandemic. Participants. 108 young spouses, of which 30 couples, 48 respondents took part without their partners (44.44% of boys, 55.56% of girls) from 20 to 35 years old (M=28.6; SD=2.83). Measurements. Marriage Satisfaction Test Questionnaire (MAR); test questionnaire “Analysis of family anxiety” (ACT); Russian-language versions of the questionnaire “Scale of love and sympathy” and methods of researching partnerships Partnership Questionnaire (PFB); PEA questionnaire to identify the level of understanding, emotional attractiveness and authority (respect) of partners in marriage. Results. A complex system of relationships was revealed between the types of relationships between partners, indicators of family anxiety and satisfaction with marriage. Satisfaction with marriage increases in case of manifestation of love and sympathy in interpersonal relationships, experiences of emotional attraction between partners, respect and rare use of conflict behavior. Predictors of marital satisfaction have been identified, and a standard model of interpersonal relationships has been described, which allows predicting marital satisfaction at a young age. Main conclusion. There is a complex systemic relationship between the assessment of the quality of interpersonal relationships and the perception of satisfaction with marriage in young spouses and partners in a civil marriage, the knowledge of which allows you to create a model of the relationship system in order to predict the satisfaction with marriage of young people and prevent conflicts in relationships leading to their destruction.

scholarly journals Studi Hubungan Ruralisasi Dengan Penduduk Lokal: Pola Kerukunan Hidup Umat Beragama Di Daerah Pinggiran Jakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwan Lubis ◽  
Bambang Wirawan ◽  
Amirsyah Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Pull Factor ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Push Factor ◽  
Area Of Origin

There are four types patterns of shifting population due to the influence of modernity, namely ruralization, urbanization, transmigration and circulation. Ruralization is the movement from city to village while urbanization is moving from village to city. Migration is a permanent migration of people from one area to another. Finally, circulation is the movement of people to fulfill certain interests such as work and living in two different places, so they must move every day from village to city. This research focuses on the Study of the Relationship between Ruralization and Local Residents: The Pattern of Religious Harmony in the Suburbs of Jakarta. The overflow of Jakarta's population is accommodated by new growth areas which are then concluded to be Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi. The occurrence of this displacement is due to a push factor from the area of origin, a pull factor from the destination. Attractor factor is the hope of getting opportunity to improve their standard of living and religious, political, and ethnic considerations in the area of origin. Eventhough religion is another factor but residents of villages as rural targets have religious affinity that is inherent in religious identity with ethnic groups, especially Betawi ethnic groups as local residents with migrants residents. Religious factors as a basis for determining the work ethic of social cohesiveness in this case religious harmony. Therefore, a strategy is needed to build social cohesiveness due to culture and diversity to avoid social tensions.

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