Adolescent Breakfast Skipping Is Associated With Poorer Academic Performance: a School-based Study From Hidhabu Abote District, Ethiopia

Abstract Background: Breakfast is regarded as “the most important meal of the day”, suggested to positively affect learning in children and adolescent in terms of cognitive and school performance. Yet, studies in LMIC settings are few, and show very inconsistent results. Objective: To assess the prevalence and correlates of breakfast skipping and its association with school performance among randomly selected in-school adolescents in HidhabuAboteWereda North Shewa Zone, Central Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from November to December 2020. A total of 422 participants were selected randomly from high schools of Hidhabu Abote Wereda. Data were entered in to Epiata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified factors that were significantly associated with the breakfast skipping. Odds ratio along with 95% Confidence interval was estimated to measure the strength of the association and level of statistical significance declared at p-value less than 0.05.Results: The magnitude of breakfast skipping was 41.3%, (95% CI: (36.6-46.0)].There was statistically significant association between breakfast skipping and overall academic performance [AOR: 5.18, 95%CI (1.54-7.46)], mathematics performance (3.88, 95%CI (1.34-11.22)], and English language performance scores [2.92, 95%CI (1.38-7.58)]. Being female [AOR = 1.857, 95% CI (1.05-3.27)], household food insecurity [AOR: 2.478, 95% CI (1.36-4.51)], and less maternal education [AOR: 1.89, 95%CL (3.38-7.77)] were independently associated with breakfast skipping. The primary reasons given for breakfast skipping were lack of time, lack of appetite in morning, and concerns around weight gain.Conclusion: Nearly half of in school adolescents were skipped breakfast meals, and reportedly in most cases for reasons unrelated to lack of food access. Students who skipped breakfast had lower levels of school performance.

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Maternal Education and Acute Diarrhea Among Children Aged 2-5 Years In Pakistan: Cross Sectional Study

10.53350/pjmhs211561944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1944-1947

Author(s):

Fatima Ehsan ◽

Ayesha Ehsan ◽

Wajahat Ullah Khan ◽

Rizwan Masud ◽

Hamad Hanif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Diarrhea ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Military Hospital ◽

Ethical Review ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Childhood Diarrhea ◽

Cross Sectional

Childhood diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death globally. All over the world, children below five years of age experience, on average, 3.2 episodes of diarrhea per year. Objectives: To explore an association of maternal education with childhood diarrhea in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Methodology: This study was conducted from Aug 2016 to Jan 2017 in Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Peshawar following approval from ethical review board. Total children under study were 363 aged 2 to 5 years, amid whom 121 were acute diarrhea cases and 242 were healthy controls leading to cases control ratio as 1:2. Data collection was done through semi structured questionnaire asked from mothers. Statistical analysis: Data was analyzed by SPSS software, version 22. To compare the association of maternal education with acute diarrhea, chi square test was applied at 5% level of significance. Statistical significance was taken at p value <0.05. Results: In present study, there was significant association between formal education of mothers and acute diarrhea with a highly statistically significant association (p < 0.001) observed showing increased proportion of childhood diarrhea, with increasing levels of education in mothers. Conclusion: We concluded that a significant increase in childhood diarrhea with higher levels of maternal education refutes the commonly observed finding. We need to further probe the underlying causes to minimize this high observed morbidity. Key Words: Maternal Education, Child Health and Safety and Acute Childhood Diarrhea

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Anemia and its Effect on the Scholastic Performance of Fifth Grade School Children

10.53350/pjmhs2115113012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 3012-3013

Author(s):

Muhammad Usman Anjum ◽

Ijaz Ali ◽

Arshad Wahab Shah

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

School Performance ◽

Fifth Grade ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Educational Performance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fifth Grade Students ◽

Local Schools ◽

Scholastic Performance

Aim: To study the effect of anemia on the academic performance of fifth grade students, Study design: Cross-sectional comparative study. Place and duration of study: Local schools in Abbottabad from January to June 2018. Methods: Study subjects were fifth grade students who were randomly divided into two groups based on their hemoglobin (Hb) levels. First group, which was control group, had 40 students with Hb levels ≥ 10.0 gm/dL while second group, which was anemic group, consisted of 40 anemic students who had Hb levels < 10.0 gm/dL. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using 03 cc of blood in EDTA containing vials using aseptic technique and using standard method. Academic performance was assessed based on the scores obtained using tests (both objective and subjective) in the subjects of English, Math and Urdu. Results: Mean Hb levels were 14.5gm/dL in control group while it was 9.45gm/dL in case of anemic group. There was a significant association between anemia and the academic performance of the students. Average test score of control subjects was 96.23 while mean score for anemic subjects was 76.35. This showed that the students in control group had performed significantly well as compared to that in anemic group (p value 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between anemia and scholastic performance of the students wherein anemia affects their educational performance. Therefore, nutritional supplementation programs should be initiated particularly at primary school levels so as to avoid the detrimental effects of micronutrient deficiency particularly iron on cognition and education and which in turn will lead to better educational performance and achievement. Keywords: Anemia, school, performance, scholastic

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Complementary Feeding Practices Among Mothers of Rural Bangladesh; A Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Study

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v11i1.47147 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

Mohammad Akteruzzaman ◽

Shahana Parveen ◽

Shafi Ahmed ◽

Syeda Afroza ◽

Rahat bin Habib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maternal Education ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cultural Practice ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Feeding Force

Background. In developing countries, inadequate knowledge and cultural practice on complementary feeding (CF) is one of the main reasons for malnutrition. Objective: This study aimed to document the knowledge, attitude, and practices pertaining to CF among the mothers of rural area in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A communitybased cross-sectional study was conducted in upazila health complex, kachua, Chandpur from July to December, 2017. A total 408 mothers of the babies aged 6-24 months and children under six months were included. Data were collected from the mothers/caregivers of the children in a pretested semi-structured data collection sheet and analyzed by SPSS version 20. Appropriate statistical tests were done. Statistical significance was considered if p value was <0.05. Results: Knowledge regarding recommended CF practice only 50.8% but feeding should be started at 6 months of age (52.9),thick consistency (40.2%), adequate quantity( 61.8%), and appropriate quality (62.3%) cases. Knowledge in recommended appropriate timing and consistency varied significantly with maternal education. Frequency of CF was not appropriate in many cases. Most common first complimentary food was thick dal with rice/roti, khichuri rice 166(40.7%). One hundred twenty four (30.4%) mothers did not properly clean their hands before feeding and 138(33.8%) of mother used bottle for feeding, force full feeding (56.9%) and environment during feeding playing 72.5% and roaming around 25.5%. Conclusion: CF knowledge and practices are far gap from ideal in our country. Awareness building in the community may change improper feeding practices need health education. KYAMC Journal Vol. 11, No.-1, April 2020, Page 26-31

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Impact of Social Media on Academic Performance

European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.5.512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Manahil Jamil ◽

Qurat ul Ain ◽

Salma Batool ◽

Sidra Saadat ◽

Shaista Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Social Network ◽

Social Networking ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Network Usage ◽

The Impact

Social media is a mode of communication, influencing nearly every field of life. Researchers have found that the use of social media can be addictive, which may cause significant impairment in various aspects of an individual’s life. This study has been designed to investigate the impact of Social Networking on students’ academic performance in Islamabad and Rawalpindi (Pakistan). This Cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to February 2020. 385 students of age 15 to 25 years, enrolled in different educational institutes of twin cities were included in the study. Data was collected using self-designed Questionnaire. Analysis of data was performed using SPSS V.21. Total of 348 participants were included from different educational institutes of Rawalpindi and Islamabad city. Studies show that among youth, teen age group was more addicted to social networking and maximum participants were using social media for more than 3 years for just recreation or relaxation purpose. Though the results do not show statistical significance (Social Network Usage per 24 hours* Negative Effect of social networking on study timings p-value 0.061) but being close to the statistically significant figure, shows that somehow the fact that spending more time on social network has overall negative effect on academic’s outcome. We cross tabulated, duration since using social network with social network usage/24 hours and found statistically significant association between it (i.e. p- value= 0.000) which shows that those who were using social media for longer duration are actually using it for no specific reason or fruitful purpose. Most of the subjects under study were females in both age groups. More time spent on social media in 24 hours affects the study timings negatively thus affecting the study outcome and academic results.

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN PEKERJAAN IBU HAMIL DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN KEHAMILAN DI PUSKESMAS MARIANA KECAMATAN BANYUASIN I KABUPATEN BANYUASIN TAHUN 2011

Jurnal Kebidanan : Jurnal Medical Science Ilmu Kesehatan Akademi Kebidanan Budi Mulia Palembang ◽

10.35325/kebidanan.v2i1.20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leny Leny

Keyword(s):

Prenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

World Health ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Organization

ABSTRACT Prenatal care is health care by health personnel to care the pregnant according to standards. Worlrd Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 500.000 women die during pregnancy or childbirth. Maternal mortality in Indonesia is 307 per 100,000 live births. The quantity of pregnant women’s visit in Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2009 of 89.1%. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between education and occupation with prenatal care at Puskesmas Mariana Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin in 2011. This study uses analytic approach survey by Cross Sectional methods, the population are 1.946 pregnant women and the samples as many as 332 people. The results of univariate analysis study of pregnant women who are higher education as much as 45.2%, and low maternal education as much as 54.8%. In pregnant women who work of 43.4%, and pregnant women who do not work for 56.6%. From the results of bivariate analysis and Chi-Square statistical tests found a significant association between education of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000, and there was a significant association between occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care with P Value = 0.000. Can be concluded that there is a relationship between education and occupation of pregnant women with prenatal care. Expected to health workers to provide counseling on the importance of prenatal care in pregnant women and expected future studies may explore again the factors associated with prenatal care with the different variables. ABSTRAK Pemeriksaan kehamilan adalah pelayanan kesehatan oleh tenaga kesehatan untuk memeriksakan ibu hamil sesuai standar. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan lebih dari 500.000 ibu pertahunnya meninggal saat hamil atau bersalin. AKI di Indonesia 307 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Jumlah kunjungan ibu hamil di Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun 2009 sebesar 89,1%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan di Puskesmas Mariana Kecamatan Banyuasin I Kabupaten Banyuasin tahun 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional, populasi ibu hamil dengan jumlah 1.946 orang dan jumlah sampel sebanyak 332 orang. Hasil penelitian Analisa Univariat adalah ibu hamil yang pendidikan tinggi sebanyak 45,2%, dan pendidikan rendah ibu hamil sebanyak 54,8%. Pada variabel pekerjaan ibu hamil yang bekerja sebesar 43,4%, dan ibu hamil yang tidak bekerja sebesar 56,6%. Dari hasil analisa bivariat dan uji statistik Chi-Square didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan P Value = 0,000, dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan P Value = 0,000. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu hamil dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan. Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat memberikan penyuluhan tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan pada ibu hamil dan diharapkan penelitian yang akan datang dapat menggali lagi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan pemeriksaan kehamilan dengan variabel yang berbeda.

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Awareness of radiation doses and risks among radiology residents, fellows, specialists, consultants and technologists in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Study. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14460 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bashayer Hassan Shuaib ◽

Rahaf Hisham Niazi ◽

Ahmed Haitham Abduljabbar ◽

Mohammed Abdulraheem Wazzan

Keyword(s):

Interventional Radiology ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

P Value ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Right ◽

Interventional Radiology Procedures ◽

Radiology Staff

BACKGROUND Radiology now plays a major role to diagnose, monitoring, and management of several diseases; numerous diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures involve exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiology now plays a major role to diagnose, monitoring, and management of several diseases; numerous diagnostic and interventional radiology procedures involve exposure to ionizing radiation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to discover and compare the awareness level of radiation doses, protection issues, and risks among radiology staff in Jeddah hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional survey containing 25 questions on personal information and various aspects of radiation exposure doses and risks was designed using an online survey tool and the link was emailed to all radiology staff in eight tertiary hospitals in Jeddah. The authors were excluded from the study. A P-value of < .05 was used to identify statistical significance. All analyses were performed using SPSS, version 21. RESULTS Out of 156 participants the majority 151 (96.8%) had poor knowledge score, where the mean scores were 2.4±1.3 for doses knowledge, 2.1±1.1for cancer risks knowledge, 2.3±0.6 for general information, and 6.7±1.9 for the total score. Only 34.6% of the participants were aware of the dosage of a single-view chest x-ray, and 9.0% chose the right answer for the approximate effective dose received by a patient in a two-view. 42.9% were able to know the correct dose of CT abdomen single phase. There is a significant underestimation of cancer risk of CT studies especially for CT abdomen where only 23.7% knew the right risk. A p-value of <0.05 was used to identify statistical significance. No significant difference of knowledge score was detected regarding gender (P =.2) or work position (P=.66). CONCLUSIONS Our survey results show considerable inadequate knowledge in all groups without exception. We recommended a conscientious effort to deliver more solid education and obtain more knowledge in these matters and providing periodic training courses to teach how to minimize the dose of radiation and to avoid risk related. CLINICALTRIAL not applicable

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Prelacteal Feeding Practices and Its Associated Factors among Mother of Children Less Than 2 Years of Age in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211018321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110183

Author(s):

Ahmedzekuwan Adem ◽

Nega Assefa ◽

Merga Deresa ◽

Mohammed Yuya ◽

Galana Mamo Ayana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

P Value ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Prelacteal Feeding ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Timely Initiation ◽

Eastern Ethiopia ◽

Initiation Of Breastfeeding

Background. Prelacteal feeding is defined as administration of any substances other than breast milk to newborn babies during the first 3 days after birth. Despite its negative health outcomes, it is commonly practiced in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding practices and associated factors among mothers of children aged less than 2 years of age in Kersa district, Eastern Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 465 mothers having children aged less than 2 years in Kersa district. A multistage sampling technique was used to select study participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify factors associated with prelacteal feeding practices. Variables with a P-value <.05 were identified as statistically significant factors. Results. The prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding in Kersa district was 46.4% (95% CI; 42.0%, 51.5%). Initiating breastfeeding after 1 hour of delivery (AOR = 10.80, 95% CI: (5.79, 20.17)), giving birth at home (AOR = 2.77, 95% CI: (1.41, 5.46)), not knowing risks associated with pre-lacteal feeding (AOR = 3.25, 95% CI: (1.72, 6.15)) and perceiving pre-lacteal feeding as beneficial (AOR = 9.56, 95% CI: (4.45, 20.52)) were factors significantly associated with practice pre-lacteal feeding practices. Conclusion. Significant proportions of mothers were practicing pre-lacteal feeding in the study area. Late initiation of breastfeeding, home delivery, not knowing risks of prelacteal feeding, and perceiving pre-lacteal feeding as beneficial were contributing factors for practicing of pre-lacteal feeding. Therefore, promoting institutional delivery and timely initiation of breastfeeding would reduce prelacteal feeding in Kersa district.

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Comparative assessment of overweight/obesity among rural and urban reproductive-age women in Ethiopia: Evidence from a cross-sectional 2016 national survey

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106020982346 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026010602098234

Author(s):

Gizachew Worku Dagnew ◽

Melash Belachew Asresie

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Health Problem ◽

Rural Women ◽

Alcohol Intake ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reproductive Age Women

Background: Overweight/obesity has become a global health problem for both developed and developing regions. Nowadays, overweight/obesity among childrearing-age women has become rapidly increasing in both urban and rural areas. Aim: This study aimed to assess the variation of overweight/obesity among urban and rural reproductive-age women in Ethiopia. Methods: For this study, the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data were used. The survey was a community-based cross-sectional study, which used a two-stage stratified cluster sampling technique to select the participants. A total of 13,451 reproductive-age women were included in the analysis. Both descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. A p-value of less than 0.05 was used as the measure of statistical significance. Results: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among urban reproductive-age women was statistically higher ( p = 21.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 18.2–25.1) than the rural women ( p = 3.5%; 95% CI: 2.9%–4.2%). Women who attend secondary or above education, women in the age groups 25–34 and ≥ 35 years, and high wealth index (rich) had higher odds of overweight/obesity in both urban and rural women. Moreover, women who were married, who had a large family size, and who have a history of alcohol intake had higher odds of overweight/obesity among urban women. Conclusions: Overweight/obesity among reproductive-age women is a public health problem in Ethiopia, especially for women who are living in urban settings. Therefore, it is important to establish targeted overweight reduction programs with particular emphasis on urban, older aged, educated, and married women. Additionally, encouraging the limitation of the number of family size and alcohol intake can reduce women’s overweight/obesity.

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Assessment of nutritional status of hemodialysis patients by subjective global assessment score: a single centre study from Karachi, Pakistan

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.1935 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 71 (12) ◽

pp. 2761-2765

Author(s):

Lubna Ghazi ◽

Murtaza Dhrolia ◽

Aamna Hamid ◽

Ruqaya Qureshi ◽

Kiran Nasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Global Assessment ◽

Practical Method ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽

P Value ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Subjective Global Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional

Objective: Despite being an important predictor of morbidity and mortality, routine screening for malnutrition in dialysis patients is not a common practice in Pakistan. Modified Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is a convenient, inexpensive and practical method to assess nutritional status particularly in resource limited setup. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in The Kidney Center Post Graduate Training institute (TKC-PGTI). Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) were included through non-probability consecutive sampling. A one-time SGA score was calculated based on the history and physical examinations using modified SGA or Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS). Chi square test was applied to find association between variables, while to observe the amount of effect of factors on SGA score; binary logistic regression analysis was run. P value of ? 0.05 considered significant. Results: Mild-Moderately malnourished patients were the most frequent in our study 96(64%).None of patient had severe malnourishment. Females were 2.6 times more prone for malnourishment (p value=0.009). More than 5- years on hemodialysis also increased the risk of malnourishment by 12.5 times (p value <0.001). Overweight patients had 85 % less chance of being malnourished as compare to patients with normal weight (p value=0.004). Conclusion: Malnutrition is quite common in hemodialysis patients, which necessitates its regular assessment and monitoring. There is a need to assess the reasons of more malnourishment in female as compared to male. Similarly, the longer duration (> 5 years) on hemodialysis also need attention for prevention and cure of malnourishment. Continuous...

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Perception on Management of Nursing Education Institutes among Bachelors Students in Selected Nursing Colleges at Kathmandu

Journal of Advanced Academic Research ◽

10.3126/jaar.v7i1.35409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 23-36

Author(s):

Bhuwan Kumari Dangol ◽

Narbada Thapa

Keyword(s):

Nursing Education ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Data Entry ◽

Education Institution ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Current Status ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Organizational Goals

Management is a process of planning, decision making, organizing, leading, motivating and controlling, and an effective utilization of the resources to reach the organizational goals efficiently and effectively. Management has a crucial role in quality of work and production in any institutions. Although a rapid increase of Nursing Education Institutions in Nepal since last decade which had been trained thousands of nursing cadres, the management aspects of these institutions are not studied adequately. Thus current study intended to explore the current status of Nursing Education Institution Management as experienced and perceived by the bachelors nursing students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the nursing institutions in Kathmandu valley. Of the total 28 in the valley, 14 were selected purposively. From the selected institutions, all 377 eligible students currently in final year of study were selected. Among them, 208were from BSN and 169 were from B Sc program. The data was collected through the self administered structured questioners after taking informed consent. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 16 software. The findings of the study show that 70% students were satisfied in institutional management (mean59.62, SD ± 3.66). In academic management (78%), (mean139.82, SD ± 6.22), followed by human resources 67%, (mean43.54, SD ± 2.79) and were in physical resources management 75% students were satisfied (mean45.02, SD ± 3.08). Analysis of variations between group (administrators, faculties, students) found statistical significance (p value <0.05). So it is concluded the perception of students, faculties and administrator were different on managing the nursing education.

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