Higher Education Systems and Continuing Education in the United States, Canada and Germany

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan M. Buettner
Author(s):  
Jane Kotzmann

This chapter explores the real-life operation of six higher education systems that align with the theoretical models identified in Chapter 2. Three states follow a largely market-based approach: Chile, England, and the United States. Three states follow a largely human rights-based approach: Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. The chapter describes each system in terms of how it aligns with the particular model before evaluating the system in relation to the signs and measures of successful higher education systems identified in Chapter 3. This chapter provides conclusions as to the relative likelihood of each approach facilitating the achievement of higher education teaching and learning purposes.


Author(s):  
M. Bratko

The article describes the features of public (community) US colleges as a part of the US system. This reference provides some aspects of the community college in America. The mission of America’s community colleges is focused on three areas of commitment: access, responsiveness to community need, and equity. It is found that US community colleges are focused primarily on meeting the needs of the local community and cooperation with it, providing training for local organizations and businesses. They offer a wide range of educational programs for the training specialists who are prepared directly for work in the workplace and continuing education (academic (associate degree), labor and vocational (vocational and occupational education) programs; programs in adult education and continuing education, ensuring the implementation of the concept of “life-long learning” corporate training programs for the needs of a particular company or organization, etc.), as well as providing correction a previous level of education and, in some cases, providing a complete secondary education. Community colleges in the United States have a considerable popularity, which is growing every year. Community colleges serve the region where they are located, usually a city and district. College students often study in various forms of education (day, evening, distance form) and have the opportunity to work during the day. The commitment to access is exemplified by the open admissions policies of community colleges and the multiple ways colleges remove financial, physical, and academic barriers to entry. That access has resulted in entry into higher education by first generation, low-income, minorities, dropouts, working adults, and others who lacked the financial, academic, time, or location means to participate in traditional higher education systems. The author summarizes the experience of public (community) US colleges through the prism of the feasibility of its implementation in the domestic educational practice. A special interest of educational manager of Ukrainian colleges is paid on issues concerning governance, financing, access into higher education and cooperation with employers at community colleges. This article will be valued by everyone interested in the past, present, and future of the community college in America.


2021 ◽  
pp. 002205742110325
Author(s):  
Zachary Mngo

The spread and influence of older European higher education models and the current Bologna Process (BP) is strongly linked to its colonial and neocolonial hegemony. However, the 1999 convergence of European models under the umbrella of the BP reform has had implications beyond the colonial and neocolonial spheres, with its effects impacting even the well-established and reputable education systems of North America. Unlike the countries of Africa, Latin America, the Caribbean, Asia Pacific, and the United States did not have any reasons to embrace the BP models. However, they are indirectly affected by it. The international nature of academe, characterized by cooperation and exchanges, has made it impossible for United States tertiary education systems to avoid the effects of the European BP reform entirely. Student and faculty mobility, transferability of degrees, and joint and dual degree offerings have increased significantly as a result of the “external dimension” objectives of the Bologna reform. The highly globalized higher education market is characterized by partnerships and exchanges, including competition between European and the United States colleges and universities over international students. The BP ultimately has and will likely continue to influence the calculations of higher education stakeholders in the United States.


2022 ◽  
pp. 82-102
Author(s):  
Susan Wuchenich Parker

Defining trauma is an individualized process that includes looking at events, experiences, and effects. Best practices explicitly state the importance of an individual's experiences when defining trauma. Therefore, solely utilizing a professional lens for discussion is often inappropriate. The purpose of this chapter is to examine trauma and trauma-informed care through both a professional and personal lens. Research on outcomes for children internationally adopted or living in foster care will be intertwined with personal narrative. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development will be the lens to examine how trauma affects life and learning as children grow and mature. Finally, specific anecdotal strategies will be shared that either provided or negated support on how potentially to navigate public and higher education systems in the United States.


Author(s):  
Alina Evgenievna Vinnik

The article presents the study results of the effectiveness of managing the higher education system using the experience of leading countries of the world. The higher education systems of the United States, the UK and Sweden were chosen as the objects of study representing the North American, European and Scandinavian models of education. The educational organizations of the above countries traditionally hold the leading positions in the world ratings, including the rating of the national education systems Universitas 21, rating of the world's academic universities and ranking of the best universities in the world according to the Times Higher Education version. The official data of the leading world ratings in the field of education were analyzed, as well as the distinctive features of the educational policy of the United States of America, the UK and Sweden were identified, on the basis of which factors ensuring the high efficiency and competitiveness of the higher education system in the global educational service market were stated. Among the main factors are the following: high government spending on the education system, increasing the accessibility of higher education for the population, ensuring high quality educational services, export orientation, etc. The system of indicators has been formed to assess the effectiveness of managing national educational systems. The dynamics of coefficient of higher education propagation in the period within 1970-2014 has been illustrated; the forecast of involving the population of the leading countries into the higher education up to 2050 has been presented. It has been stated that in the developing countries the problem of higher education can be solved due to its accessibility and in the economically developed countries it is solved due to increasing the quality of educational programs, rising the number of educational trajectories and costs.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siluvai Raja

Education has been considered as an indispensable asset of every individual, community and nation today. Indias higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States (World Bank). Tamil Nadu occupies the first place in terms of possession of higher educational institutions in the private sector in the country with over 46 percent(27) universities, 94 percent(464) professional colleges and 65 percent(383) arts and science colleges(2011). Studies to understand the profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education either in India or Tamil Nadu were hardly available. This paper attempts to map the demographic profile of the entrepreneurs providing higher education in Arts and Science colleges in Tamil Nadu through an empirical analysis, carried out among 25 entrepreneurs spread across the state. This paper presents a summary of major inferences of the analysis.


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