Klebsiella spp. in the pathology of poultry and their role in epidemiology of human foodborne diseases

One of the important problems, increasing successively, in intensive poultry production are bacterial infections, and the major reason of this inconvenient situation is increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics. In most cases infections are caused by bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, especially Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Additionally, bacteria Klebsiella spp. are isolated from many pathological conditions of poultry. To date these bacteria were isolated from dead embryos, yolk sac infections, pathological conditions associated with ascites, cellulitis, diseases with respiratory symptoms and from skin swabs of poultry carcasses. Klebsiella spp. are considered to be microbes of low pathogenicity, but in the case of birds’ immunosuppression they can intensify the course of primary infections. Moreover, an alarming fact is the very wide antimicrobial resistance of strains of these bacteria, and Klebsiella spp. is the frequent cause of critical infections in humans. The presence of these bacteria in poultry, and therefore the possibility of contamination of poultry carcasses, especially if processed without correct heat treatment, may serve as a source of infections for humans, which has been described in the past in studies with the use of phylogenetic analysis.

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Non-Antibiotics Strategies to Control Salmonella Infection in Poultry

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani12010102 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 102

Author(s):

José Martín Ruvalcaba-Gómez ◽

Zuamí Villagrán ◽

Juan José Valdez-Alarcón ◽

Marcelino Martínez-Núñez ◽

Lorena Jacqueline Gomez-Godínez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Safety Concern ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

In Ovo ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Health Significance ◽

Salmonella Control

Salmonella spp. is a facultative intracellular pathogen causing localized or systemic infections, involving economic and public health significance, and remains the leading pathogen of food safety concern worldwide, with poultry being the primary transmission vector. Antibiotics have been the main strategy for Salmonella control for many years, which has allowed producers to improve the growth and health of food-producing animals. However, the utilization of antibiotics has been reconsidered since bacterial pathogens have established and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can quickly increase within microbial communities. The use of alternatives to antibiotics has been recommended and successfully applied in many countries, leading to the core aim of this review, focused on (1) describing the importance of Salmonella infection in poultry and the effects associated with the use of antibiotics for disease control; (2) discussing the use of feeding-based (prebiotics, probiotics, bacterial subproducts, phytobiotics) and non-feeding-based (bacteriophages, in ovo injection, vaccines) strategies in poultry production for Salmonella control; and (3) exploring the use of complementary strategies, highlighting those based on -omics tools, to assess the effects of using the available antibiotic-free alternatives and their role in lowering dependency on the existing antimicrobial substances to manage bacterial infections in poultry effectively.

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Generalised myoclonus associated with COVID-19 infection

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-243780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. e243780

Author(s):

Aatma Ram ◽

Hafiz Jeelani ◽

Dilpat Kumar ◽

Heeren Patel

Keyword(s):

Critically Ill ◽

Complete Resolution ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Case Reports ◽

The Past ◽

Short Course ◽

Delayed Complication

Postinfectious generalised myoclonus has been reported after many viral and bacterial infections in the past. Recently, some case reports have described it in the context of COVID-19 infection. Most patients described in these case reports are either critically ill and intubated or have concurrent respiratory symptoms. Herein, we present a case of a 79-year-old man, who was recovering from a recent COVID-19 infection, presented with isolated generalised myoclonus. The patient was treated with levetiracetam, a short course (10 days) of dexamethasone, and required extensive rehabilitation. Outpatient follow-up at 2 months suggested complete resolution of symptoms and levetiracetam was subsequently discontinued. This case highlights that generalised myoclonus can occur as a delayed complication of COVID-19 infection.

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Overview of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Brazil from 2000 to 2018

10.20944/preprints201908.0172.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jessica A.F.F. Finger ◽

Wilma S.G.V. Baroni ◽

Daniele F. Maffei ◽

Deborah H.M. Bastos ◽

Uelinton M. Pinto

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Foodborne Disease ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Health Official ◽

Main Site ◽

The Past ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Official Data

This study aimed to assess the foodborne diseases (FBD) outbreaks reported in Brazil between 2000 and 2018, based on data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (official data) and from the scientific literature. According to official data, 13,163 FBD outbreaks were reported in the country during this period, involving 247,570 cases and 195 deaths. The largest prevalence of FBD outbreaks was observed in the Southeast region of Brazil (45.6%). In most outbreaks it was not possible to determine the food implicated (45.9%) but among those identified, water was the most frequently associated (12.0%). The etiological agent was not identified in most outbreaks (38.0%), while Salmonella (14.4%) was the most frequently reported, among those identified. Homes were the main site of FBD occurrence (12.5%). Regarding data obtained from the scientific literature, 57 articles dealing with FBD in the country throughout the same period were selected and analyzed. Based on these articles, mixed foods were the most prevalent in the outbreaks (31.6%), Salmonella spp. was the pathogen most frequently reported (22.8%) and homes were also the main site of FBD occurrence (45.6%). Despite under-notification, the records of FBD outbreaks that have occurred in Brazil in the past recent years show alarming data, requiring attention from health authorities. The notification of outbreaks is essential to facilitate public health actions.

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Overview of Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Brazil from 2000 to 2018

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8100434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 434 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jéssica A. F. F. Finger ◽

Wilma S. G. V. Baroni ◽

Daniele F. Maffei ◽

Deborah H. M. Bastos ◽

Uelinton M. Pinto

Keyword(s):

Scientific Literature ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Foodborne Disease ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Health Official ◽

Main Site ◽

The Past ◽

Health Authorities ◽

Official Data

This study aimed to assess the foodborne diseases (FBD) outbreaks reported in Brazil between 2000 and 2018, based on data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health (official data) and from scientific literature. According to official data, 13,163 FBD outbreaks were reported in the country during this period, involving 247,570 cases and 195 deaths. The largest prevalence of FBD outbreaks was observed in the Southeast region of Brazil (45.6%). In most outbreaks it was not possible to determine the food implicated (45.9%) but among those identified, water was the most frequently associated (12.0%). The etiological agent was not identified in most outbreaks (38.0%), while Salmonella (14.4%) was the most frequently reported among those identified. Homes were the main site of FBD occurrence (12.5%). Regarding data obtained from the scientific literature, 57 articles dealing with FBD in the country throughout the same period were selected and analyzed. Based on these articles, mixed foods were the most prevalent in the outbreaks (31.6%), Salmonella spp. was the pathogen most frequently reported (22.8%) and homes were also the main site of FBD occurrence (45.6%). Despite under-notification, the records of FBD outbreaks that have occurred in Brazil in the past recent years show alarming data, requiring attention from health authorities. The notification of outbreaks is essential to facilitate public health actions.

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Sources of paratyphoid Salmonella in the production chain of broilers in the Northern mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽

pp. 3021

Author(s):

Daniela Aguiar Penha Brito ◽

Gracielle Lopes Almeida Sousa ◽

Yara Lima de Souza ◽

Vanessa Reis ◽

Jéssica Ravane de Sousa Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Health Risk ◽

Foodborne Diseases ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Production Chain ◽

Bacterial Dissemination ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Poultry Farming

Paratyphoid Salmonella significantly impacts modern poultry farming, because it is one of the main causes of foodborne diseases in the world. Efforts have been made by the government and poultry industry to reduce the existence of Salmonella in the entire poultry production chain through sanitary programs. The aim of this work was to investigate the occurrence of Salmonella spp. and its serovars in environmental sources of production, poultry, and carcasses slaughtered in an artisanal manner in the northern mesoregion of Maranhão State, Brazil. A total of 520 samples were collected, comprising drag swabs (n = 60), prope (n = 60), cecal feces (n = 60), feed of feeder (n = 60), and cloacal swabs (n = 100) of poultry sent for slaughter, and newly slaughtered carcasses (n = 180). The samples were subjected to culture and isolation of Salmonella spp. and serotyping. The occurrence of the genus Salmonella was 25.0% (15/60) in drag swabs, 16.6% (10/60) in prope, 1.7% (1/60) in cecal feces, absent (0/60) in the feed, 7% (7/100) in cloacal swabs, and 48.9% (88/180) in poultry carcasses. Fifteen Salmonella enterica serovars were identified in the samples, with the highest occurrence in the Schwarzengrund (28.09%; 34/121), Albany (19.83%; 24/121), Enteritidis (7.43%; 9/121), and Heidelberg (7.43%; 9/121). Salmonella ser. Schwarzengrund showed higher predominance in the poultry production chain, with greater isolation in carcass samples (34 isolates), while Salmonella ser. Enteritidis had the highest occurrence in the initial production chain. The results of our study indicate the need to implement sanitary control in farms for paratyphoid salmonella and that artisanal poultry slaughter can increase bacterial dissemination in the final product, representing a public health risk.

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Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance Among Enterobacteriaceae Strains Isolated in an Infectious Diseases Hospital from Romania

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.5.6298 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 1240-1243

Author(s):

Manuela Arbune ◽

Mioara Decusara ◽

Luana Andreea Macovei ◽

Aurelia Romila ◽

Alina Viorica Iancu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Resistance Level ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacterial Genus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Carbapenem Resistant ◽

Invasive Infections ◽

Klebsiella Spp

The aim of the present study was to characterize the antibiotic resistance profile of enterobacteriaceae strains isolated in Infectious Diseases Hospital Galati, Romania, during 2016, in order to guide the local antibiotic stewardship strategy. There are 597 biological samples with positive cultures for enterobacteriaceae, related to invasive and non-invasive infections. The main bacterial genus were E. coli 62%, Klebsiella spp 15%, Proteus spp 11% and Salmonella spp 6%. Over a half of isolated strains have one or more antibiotic resistance. The resistance level depends on bacterial genus, with highest level found among the rare isolates: Enterobacter spp, Citrobacter spp, Morganella spp and Serratia spp. The rate of MDR was 17.,6% for E. coli, 40.9% for Klebsiella spp and 50.7% for Proteus spp. while the rate of strains producing Extended Spectrum of Beta Lactamase are 7.2% for E. coli, 28.4% for Klebsiella spp and 12.3% for Proteus spp. The carbapenem resistant strains were found in 1.1% cases.

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A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Studies of Inula Species

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407215666190207093538 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 557-567

Author(s):

Aparoop Das ◽

Anshul Shakya ◽

Surajit Kumar Ghosh ◽

Udaya P. Singh ◽

Hans R. Bhat

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Important Ingredient ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

The Family ◽

Pharmacological Studies ◽

Perennial Herbs ◽

Insight Into

Background: Plants of the genus Inula are perennial herbs of the family Asteraceae. This genus includes more than 100 species, widely distributed throughout Europe, Africa and Asia including India. Many of them are indicated in traditional medicine, e.g., in Ayurveda. This review explores chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species. Methods: Major databases and research and review articles retrieved through Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline were consulted to obtain information on the pharmacological activities of the genus Inula published from 1994 to 2017. Results: Inula species are used either alone or as an important ingredient of various formulations to cure dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, urinary system, central nervous system and digestive system, and for the treatment of asthma, diabetes, cancers, skin disorders, hepatic disease, fungal and bacterial infections. A range of phytochemicals including alkaloids, essential and volatile oils, flavonoids, terpenes, and lactones has been isolated from herbs of the genus Inula, which might possibly explain traditional uses of these plants. Conclusion: The present review is focused on chemical constituents, medicinal uses and pharmacological actions of Inula species and provides valuable insight into its medicinal potential.

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An Overview on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Morus alba Linn.

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216666201228114004 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Arpita Paul ◽

Monami Rajiung ◽

Kamaruz Zaman ◽

Sushil Kumar Chaudhary ◽

Hans Raj Bhat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Pharmacological Profile ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Significant Information ◽

The Past ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

The Family ◽

White Mulberry

Background: Morus alba Linn. commonly known as white mulberry, belongs to the family Moraceae, is a promising traditional medicine. In Asia, besides its use in the preparation of delicacies, every part of this plant is utilized in traditional medicine. Over the past decade, studies related to identification and isolation of biologically active compounds, with flavonoids as the major class of phytoconstituents, from this plant has been reported. These phytoconstituents are not only found to be beneficial for the maintenance of general health but also are associated with a range of potential pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, neuroprotective to name a few. Objective: This review aims to provide upgraded and comprehensive information regarding the phytochemical, ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological profile of the plant Morus alba Linn. Method: The significant information has been collected through various database viz. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct based on the recent findings, using different terms of Morus alba. Results: The outcome of the study suggests that Morus alba is a multifunctional plant numerous phytochemicals, and possess a range of pharmacological activities. Conclusion: The data assembled on Morus alba will be beneficial to trigger research in various fields of pharmaceutical and allied science to explore the medicinal importance of this unique plant.

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Factor X Deficiency Due to a Compound Heterozygosis Between a New Mutation (Gla72Asp) in Exon 2 and an Already Known one (Gly154Arg) in Exon 5: Factor X Mar Del Plata1)

Cardiovascular & Haematological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871529x19666181212103944 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 169-173

Author(s):

Antonio Girolami ◽

Diana Noemi Garcia de Paoletti ◽

Marcelo Leonardo Nenkies ◽

Silvia Ferrari ◽

Hugo Guglielmone

Keyword(s):

Bleeding Tendency ◽

Bleeding Disorders ◽

Factor X ◽

Substitution Therapy ◽

New Mutation ◽

Exon 2 ◽

The Third ◽

The Past ◽

Factor X Deficiency ◽

The Family

Background: Investigation of rare bleeding disorders in Latin-America. Objective: The report of a new case of FX deficiency due to a compound heterozygosis. Methods: Accepted clotting procedures were used. Sequencing of DNA was carried out by means of Applied Biosystems Instruments. Results: A compound heterozygote due to the association of a new mutation (Gla72Asp) with an already known mutation (Gly154Arg) of the FX gene is reported. The proposita is a 38 year old female who had a moderate bleeding tendency (menorrhagia, epistaxis, easy bruising). The proposita has never received substitution therapy but in the occasion of a uterine biopsy. The mother was asymptomatic but was a heterozygote for the new mutation. The father was asymptomatic but had deserted the family and could not be investigated. After this abandonment the mother of the proposita re-married with an asymptomatic man and she gave birth to a son who was asymptomatic but was also heterozygous for the new mutation (Gla72Asp). As a consequence it has to be assumed that the first husband of the mother of the proposita was heterozygous for the known mutation (Gly154Arg). Conclusion: This is the third case of a new mutation in the FX gene reported, during the past few years, in Argentina.

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Adhesion GPCRs in Glioblastoma

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdab046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriele Stephan ◽

Niklas Ravn-Boess ◽

Dimitris G Placantonakis

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽

The Past ◽

Novel Treatment ◽

The Family ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Basic Biology ◽

G Protein Coupled ◽

Potential Use ◽

Receptor Family

Abstract Members of the adhesion family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have received attention for their roles in health and disease, including cancer. Over the past decade, several members of the family have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma. Here, we discuss the basic biology of adhesion GPCRs and review in detail specific members of the receptor family with known functions in glioblastoma. Finally, we discuss the potential use of adhesion GPCRs as novel treatment targets in neuro-oncology.

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