scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED FITNESS EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 047
Author(s):  
Predrag Bićanin ◽  
Saša Milenković ◽  
Dragan Radovanović ◽  
Aco Gajević ◽  
Jelena Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Fitness Clubs ◽  
Experimental Group

This research included a sample of 79 pre-school boys aged 6 and 7 with 40 of them in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. Their current state of body composition was studied, as well as their relations after a 6-month fitness treatment that the experimental group of participants was involved in, in order to analyze its effects. The experimental group had two classes per week, in addition to regular programmed activities as part of the children’s sport school (three times per week), and as part of 48 of additional, six-month training lessons of exercising in sport (fitness) clubs. The following variables have been used to evaluate body composition with the application of bio-electric impedance In Body 230 such as: muscle mass, percentage of muscle mass, body fat mass, percentage of body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of fat free mass. Although small to moderate effects were obtained by the double mixed ANOVA, the results show the experimental group’s achievements as significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, with individual eta coefficient findings in comparison with each group measurements, it is clear that the value of the obtained effects is different between groups to the benefit of the experimental group. Permanent implementation of the proposed programme could contribute to an improvement on the studied body composition variables which can result in the better health status of children in future.    

scholarly journals Effect of toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction following four-week intake of the Wellnessup diet: a three-arm, randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jin Jung ◽  
Woo-Lim Kim ◽  
Byung-Hyun Park ◽  
Seung-Ok Lee ◽  
Soowan Chae
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Fat Reduction ◽  
Toxic Trace Element

Abstract Background: Detox diet are known as a popular dieting strategies that helps toxins elimination and weight manage but there is very little clinical evidence. The Wellnessup diet (WD) used in the present study designed as a healthy meals based on organic plant based diets including various vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and phytonutrients. Methods: To evaluate the effects of 4 week intake of the WD on toxic trace element detoxification, body fat reduction, and safety parameters. Forty-five women with body mass index (BMI) of 23.5-30 kg/m2 were recruited. Thirty of them were assigned 1:1 to the test group (WD, 15 subjects) and control group 1 (calorie-restricted diet, CRD, 15 subjects) in a single blind and randomized, and the remaining 15 subjects were assigned to control group 2 (maintaining regular diet, MRD). The primary outcome were toxic trace element levels in hair (29 types of heavy metals), and the secondary outcomes were changes in anthropometric and urinary organic acids. Results: The levels of four toxic trace elements in hair decreased in the WD group after the diet compared to before the diet. Ni, Rh, Sn, and Ga were significantly lower in the WD group than in the CRD or MRD group (p<0.05). At the end of the trial, both WD and CRD groups had lower BMI, Waist Circumference(WC), Hip Circumference(HC) and WHR compared to the baseline values (p<0.05). Compared to the WD group, the CRD group had a greater mean change (p<0.05) from the baseline for weight loss (-3.22±0.48kg vs -1.88±0.95kg vs) and fat free mass (-2.08 kg vs -1.09 kg). The weight, BMI, body fat mass, fat free mass, WC, and HC of the CRD group were significantly decreased compared to the MRD (p<0.05). No significant changes in any safety parameter were observed. Conclusions: Use of WD might have several beneficial effects and safety such as body fat reduction and improving some the element detoxification through caloric restriction but did not reducing body fat mass more than calorie-restricted diet.

scholarly journals Body composition analysis in female ballet dancers

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Mihajlovic ◽  
Sasa Mijatov ◽  
Biljana Srdic ◽  
Edita Stokic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Ballet Dancers

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status and body composition in female ballet dancers and a group of non-athletic female controls. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 30 female ballet dancers, aged 17.4?2.01, whereas the control group included 30 non-athletic female examinees, aged 18.00 years on average. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated in all subjects. Body composition was estimated using the bioelectrical impedance method. Results Body composition analysis of ballet dancers revealed significantly lower values of body fat mass compared to the control group (18.85?4.50% vs. 23.41?4.34). Most examinees in both groups were of normal weight. 50% of ballet dancers and 23.33% of examinees in the control group were underweight, while overweight subjects were registered only in the control group. Most underweight ballet dancers had lower body fat mass, whereas majority of underweight examinees in the control group presented with normal body fat mass. Normal-weight obesity was established in 40.91% candidates in the control and 6.67% in the study group. Conclusion Ballet dancers had significantly lower values of body mass and BMI, compared to the study group. In order to prevent very serious complications caused by changes in size and proportion of some body compartments, it is necessary to carry out assessment of body composition more often in high-risk groups, such as the study group of ballet dancers.

Cocoa-rich chocolate and body composition in postmenopausal women: a randomised clinical trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene A. Garcia-Yu ◽  
Luis Garcia-Ortiz ◽  
Manuel A. Gomez-Marcos ◽  
Emiliano Rodriguez-Sanchez ◽  
Cristina Lugones-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Habitual Diet

Abstract During menopause, women undergo a series of physiological changes that include a redistribution of fat tissue. This study was designed to investigate the effect of adding 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women daily on body composition. We conducted a 6-month, two-arm randomised, controlled trial. Postmenopausal women (57·2 (sd 3·6) years, n 132) were recruited in primary care clinics. Participants in the control group (CG) did not receive any intervention. Those of the intervention group (IG) received 10 g daily of 99 % cocoa chocolate in addition to their habitual diet for 6 months. This quantity comprises 247 kJ (59 kcal) and 65·4 mg of polyphenols. The primary outcomes were the between-group differences in body composition variables, measured by impendancemetry at the end of the study. The main effect of the intervention showed a favourable reduction in the IG with respect to the CG in body fat mass (–0·63 kg (95 % CI –1·15, –0·11), P = 0·019; Cohen’s d = –0·450) and body fat percentage (–0·79 % (95 % CI –1·31, –0·26), P = 0·004; Cohen’s d = –0·539). A non-significant decrease was also observed in BMI (–0·20 kg/m2 (95 % CI –0·44, 0·03), P = 0·092; Cohen’s d = –0·345). Both the body fat mass and the body fat percentage showed a decrease in the IG for the three body segments analysed (trunk, arms and legs). Daily addition of 10 g of cocoa-rich chocolate to the habitual diet of postmenopausal women reduces their body fat mass and body fat percentage without modifying their weight.

scholarly journals Eating-Disordered Behavior in Adolescents: Associations with Body Image, Body Composition and Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6665
Author(s):  
Eliška Štefanová ◽  
Peter Bakalár ◽  
Tibor Baška
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Eating Disordered

Eating disorders (EDs) represent a disparate group of mental health problems that significantly impair physical health or psychosocial functioning. The aim of this study was to present some evidence about the prevalence of eating-disordered behavior (EDB) in adolescents, and explore its associations with body image (BI), body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) in this age group. Data from 780 adolescents participating in a health behavior in school-aged children (HBSC) study conducted in Slovakia in 2018 were used (mean age 13.5 ± 1.3; 56% boys). Differences in mean values of numerical indicators were evaluated using the independent samples t-test. Differences between nominal variables were assessed by the chi-square test. Pearson correlation was used to describe the associations between all the selected variables. EDB was positively screened in 26.7% (208/780) of adolescents, with a higher prevalence in girls (128/344, 37.2%) than in boys (80/436, 18.3%). Significantly higher means of BI, body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), body fat mass index (BFMI), fat free mass index (FFMI), and SCOFF questionnaire score (SCOFF QS) were found in those positively screened for EDB. Pearson correlation analysis revealed positive associations between EDB and BI, BW, BMI, BFM, BFP and BFMI. The prevalence of EDB is high in Slovak adolescents. Positive associations between EDB, BI, BMI and fat-related body composition parameters support the idea of a more integrated approach in EDs and obesity prevention and treatment. At the same time, gender differences suggest the need for considering gender-specific strategies aimed at girls and boys separately.

Body Composition Outcomes of a Qigong Intervention Among Community-Dwelling Aging Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1574-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei-Ying Chang ◽  
Hsiao-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
Experimental Group

Aging causes various changes in body composition, which are critical implications for health and physical functioning in aging adults. The aim of this study was to explore the body composition outcomes of a qigong intervention among community-dwelling aging adults. This was a quasi-experimental study in which 90 participants were recruited. Forty-eight participants (experimental group) attended a 30-min qigong program 3 times per week for 12 weeks, whereas 42 participants (control group) continued performing their usual daily activities. The experimental group achieved a greater reduction in the fat mass percentage at the posttest, and exhibited increased fat-free mass, lean body mass percentage, and lean body mass to fat mass ratio compared with the controls. No difference between the two groups in body mass index, fat mass, and lean body mass was observed. These results indicated that the qigong intervention showed beneficial outcomes of body composition among community-dwelling aging adults.

scholarly journals Body composition and health behaviors among older women attending regular fitness classes: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Mroczek ◽  
Iwona Dobrowolska ◽  
Magdalena Golachowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Senior Women

Background: The average lifespan is increasing worldwide, although the healthspan and quality of life is not. Many older adults either have a chronic disease, excessive body mass, or do not follow the healthy lifestyle recommendations as for nutrition and physical activity. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the relationship between body composition among senior women and health behaviors in the five domains of nutrition, body care, rest, safety and physical activity. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 36 women attending fitness classes. The Positive Health Behavior Questionnaire was used as the qualitative measurement and participant height, weight and body composition were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR ), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were calculated. Results: Significant correlations (p≤0.05) were found between attending organized physical activities and higher muscle mass and higher BMR. Moreover, (a) sleeping at least six to seven hours at night correlated with a lower BMI and lower body fat mass; (b) spending at least 20–30 minutes a day resting correlated with lower visceral fat; (c) devoting at least 30 minutes daily to moderate or heavy physical exertion correlated with lower body fat mass, percent of body fat and visceral adiposity. Conclusions: The study shows strong relationships between physical activity, dietary patterns, rest, length of sleep, BMI, adiposity and muscle mass of physically active senior women. The results suggest it is necessary to actively promote and support older women in implementing healthy behaviors consistently in their life.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Non-athletic Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kemmler ◽  
Mahdieh Shojaa ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Joshua Berger ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Trunk Extension

This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy on whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on body composition and strength parameters in non-athletic cohorts. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement included (a) controlled trials, (b) WB-EMS trials with at least one exercise and one control group, (c) WB-EMS as primary physical intervention, (d) WB-EMS with at least six electrodes covering most muscle groups, (e) non-athletic cohorts. We searched eight electronic databases up to June 30, 2020, without language restrictions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for muscle mass parameters, total body fat mass, maximum leg extension, and trunk extension strength were defined as outcome measures. In summary, 16 studies with 19 individual WB-EMS groups representing 897 participants were included. Studies vary considerably with respect to age, BMI, and physical conditions. Impulse protocols of the studies were roughly comparable, but training frequency (1–5 sessions/week) and intervention length (6–54 weeks) differed between the studies. SMD average was 1.23 (95%-CI: 0.71–1.76) for muscle mass, 0.98 (0.74–1.22) for maximum leg, and 1.08 (0.78–1.39) for maximum trunk extension strength changes (all p &lt; 0.001). SMD for body fat changes (−0.40, [−0.98 to 0.17]), however, did not reach significance. I2 and Q-statistics revealed substantial heterogeneity of muscle and fat mass changes between the trials. However, rank and regression tests did not indicate positive evidence for small-study bias and funnel plot asymmetries. This work provided further evidence for significant, large-sized effects of WB-EMS on muscle mass and strength parameters, but not on body fat mass.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020183059.

scholarly journals A Comparison of an Alternative Weight-Grading Model Against Chronological Age Group Model for the Grouping of Schoolboy Male Rugby Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Lentin ◽  
Sean Cumming ◽  
Julien Piscione ◽  
Patrick Pezery ◽  
Moez Bouchouicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Grading Model ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
Weight Model

ObjectivesConcerns regarding marked differences in the weights and body composition of young rugby players competing within the same age groups have led to the suggestion of alternative models for grouping young players. The aims of this study were (1) to compare variance in the body size and body composition of schoolboy rugby players (9 to 14 years), across weight- and age-grading models, and (2) to identify morphotypes for the weight model using Hattori’s body composition chart.Materials and MethodsSkinfold thickness measurements were used to assess body fat mass (BF), fat-free mass (FFM), body fat mass index (BFMI), and fat-free mass index (FFMI). Standardized measure of height and weight were taken for all participants. Data were grouped according to the age categories of the French Rugby Federation (U11: Under 11 years, U13: Under 13 years, and U15: Under 15 years), and to the weight categories (W30–44.9; W45–59.9; and W60–79.9) carried out from 25th and 75th weight percentile in each age category. Body mass index status (NW normal-weight versus OW/OB overweight/obese) was considered. Extreme morphotypes are characterized from BFMI and FFMI in the weight-grading model on Hattori’s body composition chart.ResultsThe dispersion of anthropometric characteristics decreased significantly for the weight model, except for height in all groups and BFMI for U13. Among NW, 3, 1.8, and 0% upgraded; 18.2, 68.7, and 45.5% downgraded; among OW, 50, 21.5, and 12.5%; and among OB, 91.3, 83.3, and 74.6% upgraded, respectively, in U11, U13, U15. FFMI/BFMI were correlated in U11 (r = 0.80, p &lt; 0.001), U13 (r = 0.66, p &lt; 0.001), and U15 (r = 0.77, p &lt; 0.001). There was no significant correlation in W45–59.9 and low correlations in W30–44.9 (r = 0.25, p &lt; 0.001) and W60–79.9 (r = 0.29, p &lt; 0.001). Significant grading difference between the centroids (p &lt; 0.05) and the distribution deviates from centroids of BFMI and FFMI (p &lt; 0.0001) were noted between the two models. Thirteen players were located in adipo-slender, twenty-three in adipo-solid, twenty-two in lean-slender, and two located in the lean-solid morphotype in weight model.ConclusionA weight-grading model should be considered to limit mismatches in anthropometric variables. However, variations of body composition also persisted for this model. Hattori’s body composition chart allowed more detailed examination of morphological atypicalities among schoolboy rugby players.

scholarly journals In seasonal body composition and jump performance variation in a second league male volleyball team

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Hans-Eric Reitmayer
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Initial Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Counter Movement Jump ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Volleyball has become a sport of the giants. Under these circumstances it is desirable that players of a very large stature also possess a corresponding vertical jump. The aim of the paper was to identify the values of some parameters that we considered crucial in limiting or maximizing the in-game performance of the athletes in the study. Our intention was to verify if the body composition indicators change significantly at different stages of a competition season and if the characteristics of the jump, crucial in performing the actions through which the points arescored, are relevant in determining the level of physical conditioning. Twelve players (n=12) were selected from the second league Romanian male volleyball team CSU UVT. The subjects were tested for body composition and their spike jump and counter movement jump was measured on three separate occasions, each corresponding to a different stage of training. Study results highlighted a significant increase of 1.15kg (p=0.028) in weight at the intermediate testing compared to the initial values. There were no differences in muscle mass between the initial and the intermediate testing (p=0.88). The results have shown a significant increase of the average skeletal muscle mass in the final test by 0.77 kg over the intermediate test (p=0.012) and 0.81kg over the initial test (p=0.039).We recorded a considerable increase of body fat mass between initial and intermediate testing (p=0.0073) and there was an average decrease of 1.76 kg (p=0.0285) of body fat mass between intermediate and final testing. We have seen a significant increase in the height of the spike jump at the final test compared to the intermediate testing (p<0.0001) respectively the initial testing (p<0.0001).The counter movement jump recorded a significant decrease in the intermediate test 37.58 cm, compared to the initial test 40.57 cm (p=0.014).. Final measurements of the counter movement jump height increase in relation to intermediate testing (p=0.037). Measurements also indicate a direct correlation between the height and power developed during the jump in all the three tests: initial (r=0.76), intermediate (r=0.68) and final (r=0.84).

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