Valorization of Lavender Waste – Obtaining and Characteristics of Polyphenol Rich Extracts

Bulgaria became the leading producer of lavender oil in the last years. Due to the lower quantity of essential oil large amounts of waste were generated which distilleries usually discard, although the residues are rich source of biologically active substances. The objective of this study was to obtain polyphenol-rich extracts from lavender waste and to investigate their chemical composition and antioxidant capacity. Two wastes (Mirkovo, Bulgaria, 2016) were investigated – steam distilled (SD-L) and CO2-extracted lavender (CO2-L). The major aroma constituents found were linalool and linalyl acetate – 30.68% and 25.82%, respectively, and the highest concentrations were found in the SD-L. The total flavonoids in CO2-L and SD-L were 2.91±0.11 and 3.72±0.20 mg/g dry matter residue, respectively. The higher amount of phenolic acids was observed in the SD-L waste – 2.62±0.19 mg/g, compared to 1.39±0.14 mg/g dry matter residue for CO2 extracted lavender. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was investigated by DPPH (SD-L – 355.48±23.12 µmol TE/g DW waste; CO2-L – 283.21±17.04 µmol TE/g DW waste) and FRAP (SD-L – 427.36±26.54 µmol TE/g DW waste; CO2-L – 311.29±18.17 µmol TE/g DW waste). Both methods suggested that SD-L residue had higher antioxidant capacity and polyphenol content.The lavender wastes (SD-L and CO2-L) showed strong antioxidant capacity with potential beneficial effect on addition in foodstuffs. For the first time lavender residues from CO2-extraction was investigated for its antioxidant activity, polyphenol composition and aroma metabolites, and comparison with SD-L was performed. In general, the results suggested that the lavender waste were promising source of antioxidants.

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Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. Spelta)– from Field to Cosmetics

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/phyto.v9i5.8136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Georgieva-Krasteva L. ◽

Hristova I. ◽

Mihaylova D. ◽

Dobreva K.

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Physicochemical Stability ◽

Pleasant Odor ◽

Promising Source ◽

Active Substances

Plants have been intensively used as sources of biologically active compounds. Recently, the attention was directed to spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a promising source of antioxidant compounds. In the present study, the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of Triticum spelta glycerin extracts were determined. Three different extraction techniques were performed – conventional, microwave- and ultrasound- assisted extractions. Best polyphenol content and antioxidant activity were resulted when heat reflux extraction was applied. Moreover, nourishing and regenerating cream (NRC) formulation was prepared by incorporating 1 % glycerin spelt extract. The physicochemical stability of this formulation was assessed as well as sensory and skin penetration caracteristics.The cosmetic preparation exhibited good emulsion and colour stability at all temperature tested (-10 °C; 25 °C and 40 °C) during 90 days. 85 % of volunteers assessed the skin penetration of NRC as good. The same percentage claimed pleasant odor caracteristic after application on skin. Based on these results it can be concluded that spelt is a promissing source of biologically active substances with various applications.

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ECDYSTEROIDS AND FLAVONOIDS OF SILENE GRAEFFERI

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2021018294 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 175-182

Author(s):

Elena Sergeyevna Filonenko ◽

Larisa Nikolayevna Zibareva

Keyword(s):

Aerial Part ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Botanical Garden ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

General Tendency ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Promising Source ◽

First Time ◽

Active Substances

In this paper Silene graefferi Guss. is recommended for the first time as a promising source of flavonoids and is a well-known producer of ecdysteroids. This perennial species is adapted to the conditions of Western Siberia and has been successfully cultivated in the Siberian Botanical garden of TSU since 2015. It was interesting to study the composition and features of accumulation of biologically active substances during the growth and development of S. graefferi. It was shown that 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B are present in the aerial and underground parts of introduced in culture S. graefferi plants during the entire vegetative development. An unidentified ecdysteroid was detected in the aerial part at the beginning of the vegetation and in the roots during the flowering phase. During vegetative development, common flavonoids and characteristic ones at different periods of plant development were found. The phase of maximum accumulation of ecdysteroids and flavonoids of S. graefferi is the beginning of vegetation, and the minimum is flowering. In the age dynamics the highest levels of biologically active substances in plants were noted at 2 and 3 years of life, then there is a general tendency to decrease with the age of the plant. From the aerial part of S. graefferi, 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B and vitexin were isolated and identified by HPLC.

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BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SIBIRAEA ALTAIENSIS (LAXM.) SCHNEID. (ROSACEAE)

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2019045376 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 181-190

Author(s):

Vera Andreyevna Kostikova ◽

Tat'yana Abdulkhailovna Kukushkina ◽

Tat'yana Mikhaylovna Shaldaeva ◽

Elena Petrovna Khramova ◽

Serafima Yakovlevna Syeva

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Growing Season ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Plant Organ ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

First Time ◽

Maximum Content ◽

Active Substances ◽

Biological Active Substances

The content of biologically active substances and the level of antioxidant activity in the aerial organs of different sexual forms of Sibiraea altaiensis (Laxm.) Schneid. during the growing season were investigated for the first time. It was found that the maximum content of biologically active compounds varies depending on the stage of development, plant organ and also gender. The amount of flavonols (5.69%), tannins (30.17%) is higher in the leaves of male plants during the budding of plants, catechins ‒ in inflorescences (0.61%) of female plants, pectins ‒ in male buds (1.54%), protopectins ‒ in the leaves of males (8.99%) in the budding phase and in the leaves of females (9.62%) in the fruiting phase of plants and carotenoids ‒ in the leaves of males (70.6 mg%) and female (61.86 mg%) plants in the fruiting phase. Stalks of S. altaiensis contain quite a high amount of tannins (20.1%), pectins (1.49%), protopectins (5.93%) and carotenoids (17.37 mg%). The highest (antioxidant activity) AOA was detected in water (2.03 mg/g) and water-ethanol (1.75 mg/g) extracts from the leaves of male S. altaiensis plants. The AOA of water and water-ethanol extracts from the aerial organs of S. altaiensis is authentically positively connected with the content of all the studied substances, except for pectins.

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The Content of Biologically Active Substances in Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora ‘Lucifer’ Tubers after Treatment with GA3

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 553

Author(s):

Beata Janowska ◽

Roman Andrzejak ◽

Lidia Szwajkowska-Michałek ◽

Kinga Stuper-Szablewska

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Medicagenic Acid ◽

Promising Source ◽

Active Substances ◽

Β Carotene

This study was conducted to assess the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) on the content of biologically active substances in Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora ‘Lucifer’ tubers. These tubers are a promising source of potential antioxidants, and their extracts can be used in pharmaceutical industry, as well as in cosmetics products and antifungal and antibacterial substances. Four groups of biologically active substances were determined from tubers: saponins, phenolic acid, flavonoids and carotenoids. The antioxidant activity of the extracts from tubers increased proportionally to the GA3 concentrations. GA3 at concentrations of 200, 400 and 600 mg dm−3 increased the content of medicagenic acid by 42.9–57.1% and the content of polygalic acid by 50% without affecting the content of medicagenic acid 3-O-triglucoside. The GA3 concentrations used in the experiment positively influenced the accumulation of caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and gallic acid. The highest content of caffeic acid was noted in the tubers soaked in GA3 concentrated at 400 and 600 mg dm−3. GA3 at a concentration used in the study stimulated the accumulation of kaempferol by 15%, quercetin by 7–8.2%, quercetin 3-O-glucoside by 1.8% (when GA3 was applied at a concentration of 200 mg·dm−3) and by 4.1% and 3.6% (when GA3 was applied at concentrations of 400 and 600 mg·dm−3) and kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside by 1.5–3.4%. The soaking of the tubers in GA3 increased the content of β-carotene by 7.9%, 5.2% and 7.9%, respectively, without affecting the content of crocin. For soaking of Crocosmia tubers, it is recommended to use GA3 at a concentration of 400–600 mg·dm−3.

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Constituents of Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene Leaves with Potent Antioxidant Capacity: A Feature-Based Molecular Network Dereplication Approach

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13050681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 681

Author(s):

Paulo Gomes ◽

Luis Quirós-Guerrero ◽

Abraão Muribeca ◽

José Reis ◽

Sônia Pamplona ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Oxygen Radical ◽

Molecular Network ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Network Approach ◽

Feature Based ◽

Promising Source ◽

First Time

Chamaecrista diphylla (L.) Greene (Fabaceae/Caesalpiniaceae) is a herbaceous plant that is widely distributed throughout the Americas. Plants from this genus have been used in traditional medicine as a laxative, to heal wounds, and to treat ulcers, snake and scorpion bites. In the present study, we investigated the chemical composition of Chamaecrista diphylla leaves through a mass spectrometry molecular network approach. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) for the ethanolic extract, enriched fractions and isolated compounds was assessed. Overall, thirty-five compounds were annotated for the first time in C. diphylla. Thirty-two of them were reported for the first time in the genus. The isolated compounds 9, 12, 24 and 33 showed an excellent antioxidant capacity, superior to the extract and enriched fractions. Bond dissociation energy calculations were performed to explain and sustain the antioxidant capacity found. According to our results, the leaves of C. diphylla represent a promising source of potent antioxidant compounds.

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PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY GLYCYRRHIZA PALLIDIFLORA HERB (GLYCYRRHIZA PALLIDIFLORA MAXIM.)

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-5-42-46 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 42-46

Author(s):

Maltseva E.M. ◽

Egorova I.N. ◽

Pinchuk L.G.

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Russian Far East ◽

Far East ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Plant Antioxidants ◽

Phytochemical Studies ◽

First Time

Pale-flowered licorice (Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim.) is the pea family (Fabaceae) perennial herb. It is a Russian Far East endemic. Pale-flowered licorice refers to the false (not sweet) licorice section (Pseudoglycyrrhiza Krug.), which do not accumulate glycyrrhizin derivatives. The G. pallidiflora successful introduction has been carried out over the past 5 years in the “Apothecary garden” territory, FRC UUH SB RAS, Kemerovo. Phytochemical studies screening biologically active compounds main classes of the plant aerial part confirmed the presence of a complex of phenolic compounds. The content of catechin derivatives and condensed-type tannins - proanthocyanidins (PAC) data in G. pallidiflora herb were obtained for the first time. In different years of cultivation, licorice herb accumulates phenolic compounds - up to 2.83 ± 0.22% in terms of gallic acid, flavonoids - up to 2.44 ± 0.03% in terms of rutin and PAC in terms of cyanidine chloride - up to 2.61 ± 0.11%. It was found that the maximum content of the phenolic compounds and PAC sum was observed in the herb for 4 years development. The greatest number of flavonoids accumulates in the herb harvested in the 3rd year of cultivation. A positive significant linear relation was found between antioxidant activity (AOA) and the total phenolic compounds and PAC content (r≥0.98). Considering that BAC with IC values ≤ 50 μg / ml in the DPPH assay refer to active antioxidant’s licorice herb can be classified as a plant with high antioxidant potential. It was found that the iron chelating activity of the G. pallidiflora herb is in direct dependence (r≥0.94) on the content of flavonoids. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of further study of this plant as a source of BAC, including plant antioxidants.

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Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Biological Effects of European Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24010024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tunde Jurikova ◽

Sona Skrovankova ◽

Jiri Mlcek ◽

Stefan Balla ◽

Lukas Snopek

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Meat Products ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Fruit Species ◽

American Cranberry ◽

Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽

Active Substances

Lesser known fruits or underutilized fruit species are recently of great research interest due to the presence of phytochemicals that manifest many biological effects. European cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos fruit, as an important representative of this group, is a valuable source of antioxidants and other biologically active substances, similar to American cranberry (V. macrocarpon) which is well known and studied. European cranberry fruit is rich especially in polyphenolic compounds anthocyanins (12.4–207.3 mg/100 g fw), proanthocyanins (1.5–5.3 mg/100 g fw), and flavonols, especially quercetin (0.52–15.4 mg/100 g fw), which mostly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the fruit. Small cranberry is also important due to its various biological effects such as urinary tract protection (proanthocyanidins), antibacterial and antifungal properties (quercetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins), cardioprotective (proanthocyanidins) and anticancer activities (proanthocyanidins), and utilization in food (juice drinks, jams, jellies, sauces, additive to meat products) and pharmacological industries, and in folk medicine.

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COMPOSITION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF THE HORSE CHESTNUT (AECULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.)

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽

10.31163/2618-964x-2021-4-1-33-39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

V.P. Kurchenko ◽

◽

N.V. Sushinskaya ◽

K.I. Maiorava ◽

E.I. Tarun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Biologically Active Substances ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Horse Chestnut ◽

Hazard Class ◽

Active Substances

The study of the composition of biologically active substances, alcoholic extracts from flowers of Aeculus hippocastanum L. According to the results of HPLC-MS and GC-MS analyzes, the extract contains the main amounts of phenolic compounds: quercetin, epicatechin, kaempferol. In addition, the extract contains fatty acids and their esters, alcohols, 3-deoxy-d-manno lactone, 1,2,3,5-cyclohexantethrol, α-methyl-mannofuranoside, γ sitosterol. Antioxidant activity of an extract from flowers of A. hippocastanum is associated with the peculiarities of the compositionof biologically active substances. The toxological-hygienic assessment of flowers of this species in acute and subacute experiments showed that it belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard).

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ЭКОЛОГО-ФИТОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЦВЕТКОВ БУЗИНЫ ЧЕРНОЙ SAMBUCUS NIGRA L. В УСЛОВИЯХ УРБАНИЗИРОВАННОЙ СРЕДЫ

Биосфера ◽

10.24855/biosfera.v13i4.647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Н.А. Виноградова

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Sambucus Nigra ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Phenolic Substances ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Herbal Medicinal ◽

Urbanized Areas ◽

Active Substances

The impacts of the urbanized environment of Donetsk region on the contents of biologically active substances and heavy metals in black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) flowers and on the total antioxidant activity of their preparations were evaluated. The contents of lead, cadmium and mercury in all samples studied were within the tolerable limits specified for herbal medicinal raw products. The accumulation coefficients of lead and cadmium were found to decrease with increasing soil levels of these toxicants, whereas the level of mercury did not depend on the degree of soil pollution. The contents of active substances in all samples collected in Donbas conform to the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. In fact, the contents of carotenoids, flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids are increased in S. nigra flowers collected in urbanized areas; however, the contents of other phenolic substances (anthocyanins and tannins) are decreased. The contents of ascorbic and free organic acids are highest under moderately urbanized conditions, so as the antioxidant activity of S. nigra flower preparations is. The results suggest that prospects for the pharmaceutical use of S. nigra flowers collected in urbanized areas of Donbas are promising.

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Відходи вирощування представників роду ехінацея (Echinacea Moench) як перспективне джерело біологічно активних речовин

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2013.02.36 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 136-141

Author(s):

С. В. Шершова

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Waste Product ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Purple Coneflower ◽

Echinacea Pallida ◽

Specific Proteins ◽

Effective Use ◽

First Time ◽

Active Substances

Проведено експериментальне обґрунтування біо-конверсії відходів вирощування (полови) ехінацеїпурпурової (Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) таехінацеї блідої (Echinacea pallida (Nutt) Nutt.).Доведена висока активність екстрактів полови зехінацеї пурпурової, що проявлялася у стимуляціїросту тест-культури. Встановлено, що найвищустимулюючу активність мають екстракти поло-ви ехінацеї пурпурової: водні за концентрації0,01 %, спиртові – 0,01–0,001 %; до того ж іззбільшенням концентрації спирту в екстрактахзнижувалась їх активність. Вперше встановлено,що полова ехінацеї містить специфічні білки –лектини, активність яких у відходах ехінацеї блі-дої значно перевищувала ехінацею пурпурову. Роз-роблено технологічні схеми отримання лектинівта екстрактів біологічно активних речовин із від-ходів вирощування (полови) для їх ефективноговикористовування. The experimental foundation bioconversion of waste product of growing (chaff), purple coneflower(Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.) and pale coneflower (Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt.) was to carriedout. The high activity of extracts of coneflower chaff, which had growth-stimulating effect to the testculture, was proved. Found that the highest stimulating activity has the extract of chaff purpleconeflowers: aqueous solution at concentrations of 0.01 %, alcohol-0.01 %-0.001 % and with increasingconcentration of alcohol in the extracts decreased their activity. For the first time it has been shown thatchaff of Echinacea contains specific proteins - lectins, and their activity in the waste product of paleconeflower significantly exceeded then activity in the waste product of purple coneflower. Technologicalschemes to get of lectins and extracts of biologically active substances from waste growing product(chaff), was worked out for their effective use.

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