scholarly journals Seeing Minds, Matter, and Meaning: The CEEing Model of Pre-Reflective Subjective Construal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTHEW D. LIEBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
The Core ◽  
The People ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Ventral Temporal Cortex ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Personal Understanding

Although subjective construal (i.e. our personal understanding of situations and the people and objects within them) has been an enduring topic in social psychology, its underlying mechanisms have never been fully explored. This review presents a model of subjective construals as a kind of seeing (i.e. pre-reflective processes associated with effortless meaning making). Three distinct forms of ‘seeing’ (visual, semantic, and psychological) are discussed to highlight the breadth of these construals. The CEEing Model characterizes these distinct domains of pre-reflective construals as all being Coherent Effortless Experiences. Neural evidence is then reviewed suggesting that a variety of processes that possess the core CEEing characteristics across visual, semantic, and psychological domains can be localized to lateral posterior parietal cortex, lateral posterior temporal cortex, and ventral temporal cortex in an area dubbed gestalt cortex. The link between subjective construals and gestalt cortex is further strengthened by evidence showing that when people have similar subjective construals (i.e. they see things similarly) they show greater neural synchrony (i.e. correlated neural fluctuations over time) with each other in gestalt cortex. The fact that the act of CEEing tends to inhibit alternative construals is discussed as one of multiple reasons for why we fail to appreciate the idiosyncratic nature of our pre-reflective construals, leading to naïve realism and other conflict-inducing outcomes.

Comparison of subcortical connections of inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex in monkeys

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan S. Baizer ◽  
Robert Desimone ◽  
Leslie G. Ungerleider
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Processing ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Vision ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Basal Nuclei ◽  
Processing Pathways ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Area Te

AbstractTo investigate the subcortical connections of the object vision and spatial vision cortical processing pathways, we injected the inferior temporal and posterior parietal cortex of six Rhesus monkeys with retrograde or anterograde tracers. The temporal injections included area TE on the lateral surface of the hemisphere and adjacent portions of area TEO. The parietal injections covered the posterior bank of the intraparietal sulcus, including areas VIP and LIP. Our results indicate that several structures project to both the temporal and parietal cortex, including the medial and lateral pulvinar, claustrum, and nucleus basalis. However, the cells in both the pulvinar and claustrum that project to the two systems are mainly located in different parts of those structures, as are the terminals which arise from the temporal and parietal cortex. Likewise, the projections from the temporal and parietal cortex to the caudate nucleus and putamen are largely segregated. Finally, we found projections to the pons and superior colliculus from parietal but not temporal cortex, whereas we found the lateral basal and medial basal nuclei of the amygdala to be reciprocally connected with temporal but not parietal cortex. Thus, the results show that, like the cortical connections of the two visual processing systems, the subcortical connections are remarkably segregated.

Thalamic Inputs to Posterior Parietal Cortical Areas Involved in Skilled Forelimb Movement and Tool Use in the Capuchin Monkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 5098-5115
Author(s):  
Andrei Mayer ◽  
Gabriela Lewenfus ◽  
Ruben Ernesto Bittencourt-Navarrete ◽  
Francisco Clasca ◽  
João Guedes da Franca
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Capuchin Monkey ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Thalamic Input ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Forelimb Movement

Abstract The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) is a central hub for the primate forebrain networks that control skilled manual behavior, including tool use. Here, we quantified and compared the sources of thalamic input to electrophysiologically-identified hand/forearm-related regions of several PPC areas, namely areas 5v, AIP, PFG, and PF, of the capuchin monkey (Sapajus sp). We found that these areas receive most of their thalamic connections from the Anterior Pulvinar (PuA), Lateral Posterior (LP) and Medial Pulvinar (PuM) nuclei. Each PPC area receives a specific combination of projections from these nuclei, and fewer additional projections from other nuclei. Moreover, retrograde labeling of the cells innervating different PPC areas revealed substantial intermingling of these cells within the thalamus. Differences in thalamic input may contribute to the different functional properties displayed by the PPC areas. Furthermore, the observed innervation of functionally-related PPC domains from partly intermingled thalamic cell populations accords with the notion that higher-order thalamic inputs may dynamically regulate functional connectivity between cortical areas.

scholarly journals Separate Memory-Enhancing Effects of Reward and Strategic Encoding

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1658-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Cohen ◽  
Larry Y. Cheng ◽  
Ken A. Paller ◽  
Paul J. Reber
Keyword(s):  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Strategic Control ◽  
A Value ◽  
Psychophysiological Interaction ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Memory encoding for important information can be enhanced both by reward anticipation and by intentional strategies. These effects are hypothesized to depend on distinct neural mechanisms, yet prior work has provided only limited evidence for their separability. We aimed to determine whether reward-driven and strategic mechanisms for prioritizing important information are separable, even if they may also interact. We examined the joint operation of both mechanisms using fMRI measures of brain activity. Participants learned abstract visual images in a value-directed recognition paradigm. On each trial, two novel images were presented simultaneously in different screen quadrants, one arbitrarily designated as high point value and one as low value. Immediately after each block of 16 study trials, the corresponding point rewards could be obtained in a test of item recognition and spatial location memory. During encoding trials leading to successful subsequent memory, especially of high-value images, increased activity was observed in dorsal frontoparietal and lateral occipitotemporal cortex. Furthermore, activity in a network associated with reward was higher during encoding when any image, of high or low value, was subsequently remembered. Functional connectivity between right medial temporal lobe and right ventral tegmental area, measured via psychophysiological interaction, was also greater during successful encoding regardless of value. Strategic control of memory, as indexed by successful prioritization of the high-value image, affected activity in dorsal posterior parietal cortex as well as connectivity between this area and right lateral temporal cortex. These results demonstrate that memory can be strengthened by separate neurocognitive mechanisms for strategic control versus reward-based enhancement of processing.

scholarly journals Arousal dependent modulation of thalamo-cortical functional interaction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Stitt ◽  
Zhe Charles Zhou ◽  
Susanne Radtke-Schuller ◽  
Flavio Fröhlich
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Active Vision ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Visual Exploration ◽  
Functional Interaction ◽  
Lateral Posterior ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
And Behavior

Summary paragraphCognition and behavior emerge from the dynamic interaction of widely distributed, but functionally specialized brain networks. However, it remains unclear how network-level interactions dynamically reorganize to support ever-shifting cognitive and behavioral demands. Here, we investigate how the interaction between posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and lateral posterior (LP) / Pulvinar is shaped by ongoing fluctuations in pupil-linked arousal, which is a non-invasive measure related to neuromodulatory tone in the brain. We found that fluctuations in pupil-linked arousal tracked the dynamic interaction between PPC and LP/Pulvinar characterized by changes in the direction and carrier frequency of oscillatory interaction. Active visual exploration by saccadic eye movements elicited similar transitions in thalamo-cortical interaction. These findings suggest a common network substrate of both spontaneous activity and active vision. Thus, neuromodulators may play a role in dynamically sculpting the patterns of thalamo-cortical functional interaction that underlie visual processing.

scholarly journals A Neural Oscillatory Signature of Reference

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mante S. Nieuwland ◽  
Andrea E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Communicative Power ◽  
Temporal Language

ABSTRACTThe ability to use words to refer to the world is vital to the communicative power of human language. In particular, the anaphoric use of words to refer to previously mentioned concepts (antecedents) allows dialogue to be coherent and meaningful. Psycholinguistic theory posits that anaphor comprehension involves reactivating a memory representation of the antecedent. Whereas this implies the involvement of recognition memory, the neural processes for reference resolution are largely unknown. Here, we report time-frequency analysis of four EEG experiments to reveal the increased coupling of functional neural systems associated with referentially coherent expressions compared to referentially ambiguous expressions. Despite varying in modality, language, and type of referential expression, all experiments showed larger gamma-band power for coherence compared to ambiguity. Beamformer analysis in high-density Experiment 4 localised this increase to posterior parietal cortex around 400-600 ms after anaphor-onset and to frontal-temporal cortex around 500-1000 ms. We argue that the observed gamma-band power increases reflect successful referential binding and resolution, which links incoming information to antecedents through an interaction between the brain’s recognition memory networks and frontal-temporal language network. We integrate these findings with previous results from patient and neuroimaging studies, and outline a nascent cortico-hippocampal theory of reference.

fMRI neural activation patterns induced by professional military training

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krešimir Ćosić ◽  
Siniša Popović ◽  
Ivan Fabek ◽  
Bernard Kovač ◽  
Milan Radoš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Potential Failure

AbstractProfessional military training makes tough demands on soldiers’ perceptual and motor skills, as well as on their physical fitness and cognitive capabilities in the course of preparation for stressful operational environments. In this pilot study we attempted to identify difference in pattern of neural responses between extensively trained, professional mission-ready soldiers and novice soldiers during audiovisual simulation of mission conditions. We performed fMRI scanning on a few volunteers during presentation of semantically relevant video-clips of real combat from Afghanistan to evaluate influence of military training on mental responses of soldiers. We showed that for professional mission-ready soldiers a week before their deployment to Afghanistan, videoclips with deadly ambush combat induce greater overall brain activation compared to novice soldiers. Missionready soldiers showed greater activation in premotor/prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and posterior temporal cortex. These results imply that fMRI technique could be used as challenging step forward in the multidimensional evaluation of military training influence on neural responses and operational capabilities of professional soldiers. This is extremely important not only for potential failure prevention and mere success of the mission, but even more for the survival and the well-being of the servicemen and servicewomen.

Posterior parietal cortex mediates encoding processes in change blindness

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Tseng ◽  
Cassidy Sterling ◽  
Adam Cooper ◽  
Bruce Bridgeman ◽  
Neil G. Muggleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Change Blindness ◽  
Posterior Parietal
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