scholarly journals The Rogue Poster-Children of Universal Design: Closed Captioning and Audio Description

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Patrick Udo ◽  
Deborah I. Fels
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Closed Captioning ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Television Film ◽  
Do So

To abide by the tenants of universal design theory, the design of a product or service needs to not only consider the inclusion of as many potential users and uses as possible but also do so from conception. Control over the creation and adaption of the design should, therefore, fall under the purview of the original designer. Closed captioning has always been touted as an excellent example of an design or electronic curb-cut because it is a system designed for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, yet is used by many others for access to television in noisy environments such as gyms or pubs, or to learn a second language. Audio description is poised to have a similar image. In this paper, we will demonstrate how the processes and practices associated within closed captioning and audio description, in their current form, violate some of the main principles of universal design and are thus not such good examples of it. In addition, we will introduce an alternative process and set of practices through which directors of television, film and live events are able to take control of closed captioning and audio description by integrating them into the production process. In doing so, we will demonstrate that closed captioning and audio description are worthy of directorial attention and creative input rather than being tacked on at the very end of the process and usually to only meet regulatory or legislative mandates.

scholarly journals The Rogue Poster-Children of Universal Design: Closed Captioning and Audio Description

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Patrick Udo ◽  
Deborah I. Fels
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Closed Captioning ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Television Film ◽  
Do So

To abide by the tenants of universal design theory, the design of a product or service needs to not only consider the inclusion of as many potential users and uses as possible but also do so from conception. Control over the creation and adaption of the design should, therefore, fall under the purview of the original designer. Closed captioning has always been touted as an excellent example of an design or electronic curb-cut because it is a system designed for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, yet is used by many others for access to television in noisy environments such as gyms or pubs, or to learn a second language. Audio description is poised to have a similar image. In this paper, we will demonstrate how the processes and practices associated within closed captioning and audio description, in their current form, violate some of the main principles of universal design and are thus not such good examples of it. In addition, we will introduce an alternative process and set of practices through which directors of television, film and live events are able to take control of closed captioning and audio description by integrating them into the production process. In doing so, we will demonstrate that closed captioning and audio description are worthy of directorial attention and creative input rather than being tacked on at the very end of the process and usually to only meet regulatory or legislative mandates.

scholarly journals Disability and the implication of coaccessibility: a case study on accessibility to the media in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 987-1002
Author(s):  
A Şirin Okyayuz ◽  
Mümtaz Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
End Users ◽  
Single Product ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Design For All ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sign Language Interpreting

Media accessibility has been an important issue on the international agenda since the early 21st century. Many countries have achieved major developments in media accessibility, while others like Turkey are currently embarking on the journey. The following article discusses developments in media accessibility in Turkey with emphasis on disability and the implication of coaccessibility which may be defined broadly as appealing to audiences with differing accessibility needs, through the translation(s) inputted on a single product. The research so far seems to indicate that coaccessibility has potential political, social, educational and other implications. Turkish end-users embrace the current coaccessibility model, but the ultimate goal in accessibility for Turkey is to have optional sign language interpreting, audio description and subtitling for the D/deaf and hard of hearing and the actors need to strive to achieve this. Currently, it also falls to academics to research this phenomenon of coaccessibility, learn from it, both in terms of the practice itself and its possible implications for universal design, and design for all, and to ensure that end-users and others benefit from it until the day it can be replaced with a better option.

scholarly journals Implementing Universal Design for Learning Elements in the Online Learning Materials of a First-Year Required Course

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Rearick ◽  
Erica England ◽  
Jennifer Saulnier Lange ◽  
Corey Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Universal Design For Learning ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Design For Learning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a pedagogical design theory that accounts for variability across and within learners, both in physical classrooms and with online learning materials. Librarians at Washington State University implemented elements reflective of specific UDL checkpoints in a heavily-used LibGuide for a required undergraduate course. Online learning objects create opportunities for meeting UDL’s goals of not only multiple means of representation, but also engagement and action and expression extending beyond the baseline obligation to meet standard accessibility guidelines. We discuss our implementation of UDL elements, changes in LibGuide use before and after the introduction of UDL features, and usability study results, focusing on how students who face learning barriers view UDL. We explain considerations for successfully implementing UDL in online materials and the potential benefits.

Towards A Universal Design Theory

1999 ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Grabowski ◽  
Ralf-Stefan Lossack ◽  
El-Fathi El-Mejbri
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Universal Design

Transferring Biophilic and Universal Design Theory to Practice With Learning From Green Buildings

2022 ◽  
pp. 225-252
Author(s):  
Gülşah Doğan Karaman ◽  
Semra Arslan Selçuk
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Buildings ◽  
Biophilic Design ◽  
Theory To Practice

The study aims to guide the assisted living facility (ALF) design, in which biophilic design, which is observed to have positive physiological, psychological, and sociological effects on humans, is observed, and the principle of universal design is accessible and designed for everyone. Since there is no place called a biophilic ALF, the study is supported by a nature-oriented design method called Green Building Rating Tools. Green building certificate systems are explored in terms of biophilic and universal design, and three of the certifications show credits linked to the theories researched. With these certificates, green building certified ALFs located in the same region are selected. With the methodology applied on the case studies of three ALFs that received these certificates, how and where biophilic and universal design patterns can be transferred from theory to practice has been examined. The study observed the extent of 14 biophilic design patterns in ALFs and tabulated how to find each pattern in these facilities according to the methods and places.

Examining Fatigue for Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Through Universal Design for Learning

2022 ◽  
pp. 302-320
Author(s):  
Natalia K. Rohatyn-Martin ◽  
Denyse V. Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Universal Design For Learning ◽  
Inclusive Classrooms ◽  
Flexible Approach ◽  
Multilingual Students ◽  
Learning Framework ◽  
Design For Learning ◽  
School Day ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds

In current educational contexts, Deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) students are being educated in inclusive classrooms. However, academic and social outcomes for these bilingual or multilingual students remain highly variable indicating that meeting the needs for students who are D/HH continues to be challenging for many educators. Many D/HH students are reporting high levels of fatigue throughout their school day. To ensure the diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds of students are being met, a more flexible approach needs to be considered to address barriers described by D/HH students. As such, the authors use the Universal Design for Learning framework to discuss fatigue for students who are D/HH in inclusive contexts, particularly those who are bilingual/multilingual.

scholarly journals The Present and Future of Audio Description and Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Utray ◽  
Ana María Pereira ◽  
Pilar Orero
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Digital Broadcasting ◽  
Audiovisual Translation

Abstract The aim of this article is to describe the state of the art in Spain of the two most popular media accessible modalities: audio description and subtitling for the deaf and hard of hearing. The article traces their origin and development up to the present time. It also examines standards and laws and analyses the economic and operative implications of media accessibility, which does not follow traditional economic parameters. The article aims to define the profile of future describers and subtitlers in Spain, who are currently being trained in the field of Audiovisual Translation. It concludes by proposing a wide variety of measures to be taken in order to reach full media accessibility and raise popular awareness of these services which are available now and will be increasingly so in the future with the change from analogous to digital broadcasting.

Accessible In-Flight Entertainment Systems for Blind and Deaf Passengers

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Caesar Eghtesadi ◽  
Larry Goldberg ◽  
Bradley Botkin ◽  
Trisha O’Connell
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
Audio Description ◽  
Sensory Disabilities ◽  
Audio Information ◽  
The U.S

This article describes the development of a prototype accessible in-flight entertainment (IFE) system for people with sensory disabilities. For passengers who are deaf or hard of hearing, the system provides access to content through user-selectable caption display of audio information. Those who are blind or have low vision can find content via talking menus and audio description of key visual content. Findings support the feasibility of project solutions and informed development of recommendations for accessible designs within industry IFE standards. Results are under review by the U.S. Department of Transportation in support of a proposed supplemental rulemaking on requirements for accessible IFE systems.

Research on Landscape Environmental Design of Universal Design

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4756-4759
Author(s):  
Dan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Environmental Design ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
User Friendly

In this article, one kind of feasibility design theory and the method is presented. It is on base of the advanced universal design, showing concern to the minority groups, and also by the user-friendly principle. The method is to satisfy the minority groups the specific behavior demand; moreover the paper explores the construction landscape environment design principle and arrives on some suggestion.

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