scholarly journals Suitability of Free-Living Marine Nematodes as Bioindicators: Status and Future Considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Ridall ◽  
Jeroen Ingels
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Marine Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ocean Pollution ◽  
Biological Health ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Species Specific

Nematodes are among the most abundant organisms on Earth, and have important roles in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. Free-living marine nematodes have been used successfully as indicators of biological health and ocean pollution for at least the past 40 years, but their use as bioindicators is not ubiquitous. They have been most often used specifically as indicators of heavy metal and hydrocarbon pollution, with far fewer instances of their use as indicators of biological, environmental, or physical perturbations. Although free-living marine nematodes are among the best bioindicators owing to their worldwide distributions, abundances, and genus- and species-specific responses to environmental pollution, there are still some challenges that prevent their use globally. Here, we present a review of characteristics that make free-living marine nematodes excellent bioindicators, recent studies that have used them as bioindicators, and suggestions for future directions in the use of these fauna as indicators in the marine environment. Specifically, we consider the use of marine nematodes for microplastics (an understudied class of pollutants that are a future threat to global biodiversity), the value of current nematode indices as measures of ecosystem health, and the importance of improved and continued international collaboration in the field of marine nematology.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

New Records of Free-Living Marine Nematodes (Nematoda: Enoplida) from East Coast of India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 517-520
Author(s):  
VIJAYA BHANU, CH VIJAYA BHANU, CH ◽  
◽  
ANNAPURNA, C ANNAPURNA, C ◽  
SRINIVASA RAO, M SRINIVASA RAO, M ◽  
SIVA LAKSHMI, M. V SIVA LAKSHMI, M. V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
New Records ◽  
Marine Nematodes ◽  
Free Living ◽  
East Coast Of India

Comparison and Analysis of Computational Methods for Identifying N6 - methyladenosine Sites in Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengmian Feng ◽  
Lijing Feng ◽  
Chaohui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Computational Prediction ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Precise Location ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Background and Purpose: N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) plays critical roles in a broad set of biological processes. Knowledge about the precise location of m6A site in the transcriptome is vital for deciphering its biological functions. Although experimental techniques have made substantial contributions to identify m6A, they are still labor intensive and time consuming. As good complements to experimental methods, in the past few years, a series of computational approaches have been proposed to identify m6A sites. Methods: In order to facilitate researchers to select appropriate methods for identifying m6A sites, it is necessary to give a comprehensive review and comparison on existing methods. Results: Since researches on m6A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are relatively clear, in this review, we summarized recent progresses on computational prediction of m6A sites in S. cerevisiae and assessed the performance of existing computational methods. Finally, future directions of computationally identifying m6A sites were presented. Conclusion: Taken together, we anticipate that this review will provide important guides for computational analysis of m 6A modifications.

Brain-eating Amoebae Infection: Challenges and Opportunities in Chemotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ridwane Mungroo ◽  
Ayaz Anwar ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Living Nature ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis

Pathogenic free-living amoeba are known to cause a devastating infection of the central nervous system and are often referred to as “brain-eating amoebae”. The mortality rate of more than 90% and free-living nature of these amoebae is a cause for concern. It is distressing that the mortality rate has remained the same over the past few decades, highlighting the lack of interest by the pharmaceutical industry. With the threat of global warming and increased outdoor activities of public, there is a need for renewed interest in identifying potential anti-amoebic compounds for successful prognosis. Here, we discuss the available chemotherapeutic options and opportunities for potential strategies in the treatment and diagnosis of these life-threatening infections.

scholarly journals The Use of Autogenous Teeth for Alveolar Ridge Preservation: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1853
Author(s):  
João Cenicante ◽  
João Botelho ◽  
Vanessa Machado ◽  
José João Mendes ◽  
Paulo Mascarenhas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ridge Preservation ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Alveolar Ridge ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Alveolar Ridge Preservation ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Teeth Extraction

Alveolar ridge resorption is a natural consequence of teeth extraction, with unpleasant aesthetic and functional consequences that might compromise a future oral rehabilitation. To minimize the biological consequences of alveolar ridge resorption, several surgical procedures have been designed, the so-called alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) techniques. One important characteristic is the concomitant use of biomaterial in ARP. In the past decade, autogenous teeth as a bone graft material in post-extraction sockets have been proposed with very interesting outcomes, yet with different protocols of preparation. Here we summarize the available evidence on autogenous teeth as a biomaterial in ARP, its different protocols and future directions.

scholarly journals Small Molecule Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Entry

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Chen ◽  
Qinghua Cui ◽  
Michael Caffrey ◽  
Lijun Rong ◽  
Ruikun Du
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Small Molecule Inhibitors ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past

Hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role during influenza virus receptor binding and subsequent membrane fusion process, thus HA has become a promising drug target. For the past several decades, we and other researchers have discovered a series of HA inhibitors mainly targeting its fusion machinery. In this review, we summarize the advances in HA-targeted development of small molecule inhibitors. Moreover, we discuss the structural basis and mode of action of these inhibitors, and speculate upon future directions toward more potent inhibitors of membrane fusion and potential anti-influenza drugs.

scholarly journals Toxicity of hydroxychloroquine, a potential treatment for COVID-19, on free-living marine nematodes

2021 ◽  
pp. 112361
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Ali ◽  
Amor Hedfi ◽  
Mohammed Almalki ◽  
Paraskevi K. Karachle ◽  
Fehmi Boufahja
Keyword(s):  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Marine Nematodes ◽  
Free Living

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Cannabis sativa Tissue Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Adrian S. Monthony ◽  
Serena R. Page ◽  
Mohsen Hesami ◽  
Andrew Maxwell P. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Drug Type

The recent legalization of Cannabis sativa L. in many regions has revealed a need for effective propagation and biotechnologies for the species. Micropropagation affords researchers and producers methods to rapidly propagate insect-/disease-/virus-free clonal plants and store germplasm and forms the basis for other biotechnologies. Despite this need, research in the area is limited due to the long history of prohibitions and restrictions. Existing literature has multiple limitations: many publications use hemp as a proxy for drug-type Cannabis when it is well established that there is significant genotype specificity; studies using drug-type cultivars are predominantly optimized using a single cultivar; most protocols have not been replicated by independent groups, and some attempts demonstrate a lack of reproducibility across genotypes. Due to culture decline and other problems, the multiplication phase of micropropagation (Stage 2) has not been fully developed in many reports. This review will provide a brief background on the history and botany of Cannabis as well as a comprehensive and critical summary of Cannabis tissue culture. Special attention will be paid to current challenges faced by researchers, the limitations of existing Cannabis micropropagation studies, and recent developments and future directions of Cannabis tissue culture technologies.

scholarly journals Comparison of Variance Estimators for Systematic Environmental Sample Surveys: Considerations for Post-Stratified Estimation

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Bryce Frank ◽  
Vicente J. Monleon
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Point Estimation ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sampling Variance ◽  
Variance Estimators ◽  
The Past ◽  
Point Estimators ◽  
Species Specific

The estimation of the sampling variance of point estimators under two-dimensional systematic sampling designs remains a challenge, and several alternative variance estimators have been proposed in the past few decades. In this work, we compared six alternative variance estimators under Horvitz-Thompson (HT) and post-stratification (PS) point estimation regimes. We subsampled a multitude of species-specific forest attributes from a large, spatially balanced national forest inventory to compare the variance estimators. A variance estimator that assumes a simple random sampling design exhibited positive relative bias under both HT and PS point estimation regimes ranging between 1.23 to 1.88 and 1.11 to 1.78 for HT and PS, respectively. Alternative estimators reduced this positive bias with relative biases ranging between 1.01 to 1.66 and 0.90 to 1.64 for HT and PS, respectively. The alternative estimators generally obtained improved efficiencies under both HT and PS, with relative efficiency values ranging between 0.68 to 1.28 and 0.68 to 1.39, respectively. We identified two estimators as promising alternatives that provide clear improvements over the simple random sampling estimator for a wide variety of attributes and under HT and PS estimation regimes.

scholarly journals A Technical Study on UAV Characteristics for Precision Agriculture Applications and Associated Practical Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
Nadia Delavarpour ◽  
Cengiz Koparan ◽  
John Nowatzki ◽  
Sreekala Bajwa ◽  
Xin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Radiometric Correction ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Technical Study ◽  
Agricultural Operations

The incorporation of advanced technologies into Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) platforms have enabled many practical applications in Precision Agriculture (PA) over the past decade. These PA tools offer capabilities that increase agricultural productivity and inputs’ efficiency and minimize operational costs simultaneously. However, these platforms also have some constraints that limit the application of UAVs in agricultural operations. The constraints include limitations in providing imagery of adequate spatial and temporal resolutions, dependency on weather conditions, and geometric and radiometric correction requirements. In this paper, a practical guide on technical characterizations of common types of UAVs used in PA is presented. This paper helps select the most suitable UAVs and on-board sensors for different agricultural operations by considering all the possible constraints. Over a hundred research studies were reviewed on UAVs applications in PA and practical challenges in monitoring and mapping field crops. We concluded by providing suggestions and future directions to overcome challenges in optimizing operational proficiency.

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