scholarly journals Sexual Risk Behaviors, HIV Prevalence and Access to Reproductive Health Services Among Young Women Migrant Workers in the Industrial Zones in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toan Ha ◽  
Stephen L. Schensul ◽  
Jean J. Schensul ◽  
Trang Nguyen ◽  
Nam Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Industrial Zones

Background: Young migrant workers working in the industrial zones (IZ) in low and middle-income countries are at risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases. This study examines the sex-related risks of young women migrant workers in the IZ in Vietnam.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,061 young migrant women working in the IZ park in Hanoi, Vietnam. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with HIV testing and condom use at last sex.Results: A total of 1,061 young women migrant workers completed the survey in which 652 participants consented to take the initial rapid HIV test. All but one participant tested negative indicating a HIV prevalence of 150 (95% CI: 27–860) per 100,000 population among this population. There were no differences in sexual behavior, use of sexual and reproductive health services, HIV knowledge, perceived HIV risk or alcohol use between those who were HIV tested and those not tested. Single participants reported high rates of first sex while living in the IZ and high rates of condom use during the first-time sex, however, they had low levels of condom use at last sex. While the majority of married participants used the SRH/HIV services, nearly 80% of the single participants who reported having sex never used SRH/HIV services since living in the IZ. However, single participants were over 4 times more likely to use condoms at last sex compared to married participants (OR = 4.67; 95%CI = 2.96–7.85). Participants with vocational school or higher education was more likely to use condom (OR = 2.19; 95%CI = 1.05–4.57). Neither HIV knowledge or alcohol use were associated with condom use.Conclusions: Although HIV prevalence is very low among young women workers in the IZ in Vietnam, a significant number of them engaged in risky sexual behavior and low levels of condom use at last sex as well as low level of using SRH/HIV services highlights a need to develop interventions that provide tailored-made and cultural appropriate SRH education for unmarried female migrant workers to prevent risky sexual behaviors, sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy.

HIV decline associated with changes in risk behaviours among young key populations in Nepal: analysis of population-based HIV prevalence surveys between 2001 and 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 864-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keshab Deuba ◽  
Anna Mia Ekström ◽  
Göran Tomson ◽  
Rachana Shrestha ◽  
Gaetano Marrone
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Key Populations ◽  
Risk Behaviours ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Labour

We assessed changes in HIV prevalence and risk behaviours among young key populations in Nepal. A total of 7505 participants (aged 16–24 years) from key populations who were at increased risk of HIV infection (2767 people who inject drugs (PWID); 852 men who have sex with men/transgender (MSM/TG); 2851 female sex workers (FSW) and 1035 male labour migrants) were recruited randomly over a 12-year period, 2001–2012. Local epidemic zones of Nepal (Kathmandu valley, Pokhara valley, Terai Highway and West to Far West hills) were analysed separately. We found a very strong and consistent decline in HIV prevalence over the past decade in different epidemic zones among PWID and MSM/TG in Kathmandu, the capital city, most likely due to a parallel increase in safe needle and syringe use and increased condom use. A decrease in HIV prevalence in 22 Terai highway districts, sharing an open border with India, was also consistent with increased condom use among FSW. Among male labour migrants, HIV prevalence was low throughout the period in the West to Far West hilly regions. Condom use by migrant workers involved with FSW abroad increased while their condom use with Nepalese FSW declined. Other risk determinants such as mean age at starting first injection, injection frequency, place of commercial sex solicitation, their mean age when leaving to work abroad did not change consistently across epidemic zones among the young key populations under study. In Nepal, the decline in HIV prevalence over the past decade was remarkably significant and consistent with an increase in condom use and safer use of clean needles and syringes. However, diverging trends in risk behaviours across local epidemic zones of Nepal suggest a varying degree of implementation of national HIV prevention policies. This calls for continued preventive efforts as well as surveillance to sustain the observed downward trend.

scholarly journals Trends and Predictors of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Sexually Active Ugandan Female Youths: Evidence from Three Demographic and Health Surveys, 2006-2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronicah Masanja ◽  
Solomon Tsebeni Wafula ◽  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
John Bosco Isunju ◽  
Richard K Mugambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Background: Female adolescents and young women have the highest risk of curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally. Data on the prevalence of STIs among young women in Uganda are limited. In this study, we investigated the time trends and determinants of STIs among adolescent girls and young women (15-24 years) in Uganda. Methods: We estimated the percentage of women 15-24 years from three recent consecutive Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (2006, 2011, and 2016), who reported acquiring an STI within 12 months of the studies and examined the changes over time. A pooled multivariable logistic regression was used to examine predictors of actors associated with reporting an STI were assessed using.Results: The pooled STI prevalence was 26.0%. About 22.0% of youths reported an STI in 2006. This increased to 36.3% in 2011, before declining to 23.1% in 2016. Youths aged 20-24 years reported a higher STI prevalence (27.3%) compared to young participants (23.6%). Prevalence of STIs was significantly higher among female youths with multiple total lifetime partners (adjusted odds ratio (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-1.6). Similarly, women who were sexually active in the last 4 weeks prior to the interview (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6), and women affiliated to Islam (aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) or other religions (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-2.9) were more likely to report an STI. Living in Northern Uganda was found protective against STIs (aOR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.7).Conclusion: The prevalence of STIs was high among female youths, 15-24 years. There is a need to adopt a holistic approach to the diagnosis and management of STIs among youths, as well as the integration of STI services in daily health care systems to increase their access to sexual and reproductive health services.

Psychosocial Correlates of Condom Use and their Relationship with Worry about STI and HIV in Native and Immigrant Adolescents in Spain

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 746-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Paz Bermúdez ◽  
Ángel Castro ◽  
Gualberto Buela-Casal
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Risky Sexual Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Latin American Immigrants

The goal of this study was to analyze how worry about sexually-transmitted infections (STI) and HIV influences attitudes and self-efficacy towards condom use, HIV-related knowledge, HIV-perceived susceptibility and HIV-misconceptions in a multicultural sample in Spain. The sample was composed of 3,051 adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years old who lived in Spain. Of these, 67.7% were native Spaniards and the remaining 32.3% were Latin American immigrants. Results showed that worry about STI and HIV has a direct influence on condom use self-efficacy and HIV-knowledge and HIV-perceived susceptibility. Native Spanish adolescents showed higher positive attitudes towards condom use, greater HIV-knowledge and HIV-perceived susceptibility, and lower negative attitudes towards condoms use and HIV-misconceptions than Latin American adolescents. In the discussion, the importance of worry about STI and HIV is highlighted as a mediator variable that can predict risky sexual behavior and is related to cultural origin.

HIV prevalence in Zimbabwean women: 54-67% knowledge and perceived risk

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Mbizvo ◽  
S E Msuya ◽  
A Hussain ◽  
M Z Chirenje ◽  
B Stray-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Female Condoms

This study examined the level of knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and HIV, knowledge of symptoms and potential sequelae of STI and perceived personal risks of infection among urban women in Zimbabwe. The women consented to being interviewed, examined, tested and treated for curable diagnosed STIs. Prevalence of both STI and HIV was high 11.4% and 54.5% among women aged 15-19 years, 28.5% and 62.4% among those 20-29 years and was highest among the age group ≥30 years 39.0% and 67.0% respectively. Women aged 15-19 years least perceived their risk of infection. Of the women with the highest rates of STI/HIV infection, less than 30% were aware of their vulnerability to such infections. Knowledge of specific STIs, their symptoms and sequelae was generally low. Women who did not know about syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid or warts were more likely to perceive themselves at no risk of infection. Condom use was very low (16.5%). There is an urgent need to improve current education programmes to raise awareness of STIs and the dangers of their long-term sequelae along with behavioural skills building interventions that include equipping women with negotiating skills, making female condoms available at affordable prices and motivating condom use.

INTERACTION BETWEEN HIV AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, SAFE SEX PRACTICE AND HIV PREVALENCE: EVIDENCE FROM BOTSWANA

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANJAN RAY ◽  
KOMPAL SINHA
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Safe Sex ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Awareness ◽  
Sex Practices

SummaryThis paper makes methodological and empirical contributions to the study of HIV in the context of Botswana, a country with high HIV prevalence. Comparable evidence is presented from India to put the Botswana results in perspective. The results point to the strong role played by affluence and education in increasing HIV knowledge, promoting safe sex and reducing HIV prevalence. The study presents African evidence on the role played by the empowerment of women in promoting safe sex practices such as condom use. The lack of significant association between HIV prevalence and safe sex practice points to the danger of HIV-infected individuals spreading the disease through multiple sex partners and unprotected sex. This danger is underlined by the finding that females with multiple sex partners are at higher risk of being infected with HIV. These results take on special policy significance in the context of Botswana, where the issue of multiple sex partners has not been adequately addressed in the programme to contain the spread of HIV.

scholarly journals An event-level examination of successful condom negotiation strategies among young women

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 898-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney Peasant ◽  
Erika A Montanaro ◽  
Trace S Kershaw ◽  
Gilbert R Parra ◽  
Nicole H Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
Condom Negotiation ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention

This study examines the effect of condom negotiation strategies on condom use and partner type and substance use before sex as moderators of strategy effectiveness. Women reported their daily sexual behavior during the last month. Withholding sex was more strongly associated with condom use when utilized with a non-casual sex partner. Directly requesting condom use was more strongly and using deceptive reasons to influence condom use was less strongly related to condom use during substance use. Results underscore the importance of understanding the contexts in which condom negotiation strategies are successful in order to improve HIV/sexually transmitted infection prevention efforts among women.

scholarly journals Girl Champ in eSwatini: A Strategic Marketing Campaign to Promote Demand for Sexual and Reproductive Health Services Among Young Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. Brault ◽  
Sarah Christie ◽  
Amanda Manchia ◽  
Khabonina Mabuza ◽  
Muhle Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Strategic Marketing ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Hiv Services ◽  
Mixed Methods Evaluation ◽  
Demand Creation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reproductive Services ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEfforts to engage adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in HIV services have struggled, in part, due to limited awareness of services and stigma. Strategic marketing is a promising approach, but the impact on youth behavior change is unclear. We report findings from a mixed methods evaluation of the Girl Champ campaign, designed to generate demand for sexual and reproductive services among AGYW, and piloted in three clinics in the Manzini region of eSwatini. We analyzed and integrated data from longitudinal, clinic-level databases on health service utilization among AGYW before and after the pilot, qualitative interviews with stakeholders responsible for the implementation of the pilot, and participant feedback surveys from attendees of Girl Champ events. Girl Champ was well received by most stakeholders based on event attendance and participant feedback, and associated with longitudinal improvements in demand for HIV services. Findings can inform future HIV demand creation interventions for youth.

scholarly journals How safe is safer sex? High levels of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in female sex workers in London

2006 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1114-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. FOX ◽  
G. P. TAYLOR ◽  
S. DAY ◽  
J. PARRY ◽  
H. WARD
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Transitional Country ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Hsv 1

Female sex workers in Europe have low levels of sexually transmitted infections, attributable to condom use. The aim of this paper is to describe the seroepidemiology of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in female sex workers in London by using a 15-year prospective study of 453 sex workers. The seroprevalence of HSV-1 was 74·4% and independently associated with birth in a ‘transitional country’ (OR 5·4, 95% CI 1·61–18·20). The seroprevalence of HSV-2 was 60% and declined over time; it was also independently associated with time in sex work (OR 2·12, 95% CI 1·23–3·65) and birth in a ‘developing country’ (OR 2·95, 95% CI 1·34–6·48). We show that a cohort of sex workers with extensive condom use and little known sexually transmitted infection have high levels of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection, suggesting that condoms may not be universally protective. Sex workers are candidates for HSV vaccine efficacy or intervention studies.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in HIV knowledge, HIV testing, and condom use among adolescent and young women in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Gutiérrez ◽  
Alejandra Trossero
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Correct Knowledge ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Caribbean

Objective. To appraise the presence and magnitude of inter- and intra-country health inequalities related to HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) among young females. Methods. We analyzed household surveys in twenty LAC countries, that included data from female adolescents and young women (ages 15-24) between 2008 and 2018, measuring inequality with the concentration index of 4 indicators: 1) whether individuals have heard of HIV or not, 2) a composite variable of correct knowledge, 3) reported condom use with the last partner, and 4) whether individuals were ever tested for HIV. Results. Participants from households in countries with higher socioeconomic status are more likely to have heard of HIV, have correct knowledge of HIV transmission, and have used condoms during their last sexual intercourse. The inter-country concentration index for those indicators were 0.352, 0.302 and 0.110, respectively. Conclusions. Economically disadvantaged female adolescents and young women in LAC face an increased risk for HIV, as they are less aware of HIV and its actual transmission mechanism and are less likely to use condoms with their sexual partners. There is an urgent need to tailor prevention strategies of sexually transmitted infections and HIV for adolescents and young women that are sensitive to their socioeconomic context.

scholarly journals Sexual Activity and Contraceptive use among University Female Undergraduates in Makurdi, North-Central Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
B Utoo ◽  
P Eka ◽  
P Utoo ◽  
E Unazi ◽  
M Maanongun
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sexual Activities ◽  
Contraceptive Usage

High sexual activity with low contraceptive use among young women could give rise to complications such as unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. This study was aimed at determining sexual activities and contraceptive usage among female undergraduate students. It was a cross-sectional study using pretested self -administered questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographic variables, sexual activities and contraceptive use. Out of the four hundred and thirty one (431) students studied, three hundred and four (70.5%) were sexually active. The average age of sexual debut was 19.5 years. One hundred and twenty-seven (41.8%) had more than one sexual partner. Money was the reason for sex in more than one- third (37.4%). Contraceptive awareness and usage among the respondents was (96.1%) and (85.0%) respectively. The male condom was the commonest (52.4%) contraceptive used. Majority (65.9%) of the respondents believed contraceptive use could prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. There was a significant relationship between awareness of contraception and level of study (P =0.003). The study showed a high level of sexual activity, contraceptive knowledge and usage. There was a significant relationship between contraceptive awareness and academic level; as well as usage and protection against STD.  Girl child education, provision and promotion of utilization of reproductive health services should be sustained to safeguard the sexual health of young women.  

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