scholarly journals Short Term Safety, Immunogenicity, and Reproductive Effects of Combined Vaccination With Anti-GnRH (Gonacon) and Rabies Vaccines in Female Feral Cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiri Novak ◽  
Boris Yakobson ◽  
Shir Sorek ◽  
Liat Morgan ◽  
Smadar Tal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Surgical Sterilization ◽  
High Stress Level

Overpopulation of free-roaming cats is a major problem leading to negative impacts on animal health and welfare, public nuisance, transmission of zoonotic diseases, and well-documented harm to wildlife. Surgical sterilization had failed to provide a practical solution to free-roaming cats' overpopulation under field conditions; therefore, efficient and safe non-surgical immunocontraception methods are aspired. Rabies is a deadly virus that may infect people and animals. However, the safety and efficacy of combined vaccination with anti-GnRH and rabies vaccines in feral cats, which often suffer from disrupted health conditions and experienced high stress level, has never been studied. Therefore, our objective was to examine the short-term safety and efficacy of anti-GnRH vaccine (Gonacon), in combination with rabies vaccine in female feral cats. Mature feral female cats were captured and divided into the following groups: (I) GonaconX1-Rabies: queens vaccinated with both Gonacon and rabies (n = 5); (II) GonaconX2-Rabies: queens vaccinated twice with Gonacon (3 weeks apart) and with Rabies (n = 4); (III) OVx-Rabies: queens ovariohysterectomized and vaccinated with rabies (n = 4); (IV) Intact-Rabies: queens vaccinated against rabies and remained intact (n = 3). Comprehensive veterinary examinations and blood tests were performed every 2 weeks for 14 weeks. Data were analyzed by Repeated-Measures-ANOVA or Fisher-Exact-Test. There were neither systemic nor local adverse reactions at the vaccination sites. Blood count (PCV, TS, RBC, HGB, HCT, WBC) and chemistry (Total protein, Total globulin, Albumin, Urea, Creatinine, Creatine kinase, Bilirubin, GGT, ALT, AST) analyses revealed no differences among groups. There were no differences in serum rabies antibodies titers among groups, and queens kept a protective titer (>0.5 IU/mL) starting at 2–4 weeks after vaccination. Anti-GnRH antibodies were detected in all Gonacon-vaccinated queens, excluding one queen (GonaconX2-Rabies group). Anti-müllerian hormone serum concentrations reduced significantly after ovariohysterectomy, as well as gradually following vaccination with Gonacon, but it remained high in intact queens. Evaluation of vaginal cytology and ovarian histology suggested that reproductive cyclicity was suppressed in Gonacon-vaccinated queens. Our results support the conclusion that in the short term, the combined vaccination with Gonacon and rabies is safe and effective in female feral cats. However, further long-term studies are warranted to test this immunologic regimen in feral cats.

Effect of foot reflexology and slow stroke back massage on the severity of fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A semi-experimental study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudabeh Ahmadidarrehsima ◽  
Reza Mohammadpourhodki ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimi ◽  
Maryam Keramati ◽  
Mostafa Dianatinasab
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Back Massage

Abstract Background Fatigue is one of the most disturbing and the most common symptoms reported by patients dialyzed. There are methods available on complementary and alternative medicine, through which nurses can help patients to promote their health. Reflexology is a treatment which has a long history and is considered as one of the most popular and the most widespread methods of alternative medicine. In this study, the effects of foot reflexology and slow stroke back massage on the severity of fatigue in patients treated with hemodialysis were measured. Methods This is a quasi-experimental study that performed on 52 patients chosen from Imam Khomeini dialysis center in Zabol and divided into control and intervention groups by randomize allocation method. Required information collected from a demographic and fatigue severity questionnaire. After completing questionnaires by the study subjects, foot massage and slow stroke back massage was performed during three weeks, two sessions each week (5 sessions in total). At the end of intervention data of two groups was collected. Data was analyzed using independent sample t-Test, Chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, oneway ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni test by SPSS software version 21. Results The mean [±SD] fatigue in patients with foot reflexology massage and slow stroke back massage reflect on the 53.61[±10.12] and 52.20 [±10.37], and the differences were not significant, but after the intervention, fatigue in the group receiving foot reflexology massage was reduced significantly compared to slow stroke back massage group (p<0.0001). Conclusions The result of this study showed that reflexology massage is a safe and economical nursing intervention for decreasing fatigue in hemodialysis patients.

Short-Term Ageing Influence on the Creep and Recovery Characteristics of Asphalt Binders

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 2045-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jin Xi Zhang ◽  
Ping Ping Song
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Creep And Recovery ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
High Stress Level ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt

This paper focused on the short-term ageing influence on the creep and recovery characteristics of neat and SBS modified asphalt binders at two different stress levels. Using the MSCR test conducted on dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), it can be concluded that the RTFOT short-term ageing process was observed to decrease the nonrecoverable compliance (Jnr) and increase the average recovery percent (R) for almost all binders, which was more notable at a high stress level especially for SBS modified binders. Additionally, stress level applied in test played a key role in evaluating the viscoelastic properties of different asphalt binders, and SBS modified binder exhibited more stress sensitive than neat binders.

Intersession Reliability and Concurrent Validity of Isometric Endurance Tests for the Lateral Trunk Muscles

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Greene ◽  
Christopher J. Durall ◽  
Thomas W. Kernozek
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Exact Test

Context:A torso-elevated side support (TESS) has previously been described for measuring endurance of the lateral trunk muscles. In some individuals, however, TESS performance may be hindered by upper extremity pain or fatigue. For this reason a novel test, the feet-elevated side-support test (FESS), was examined.Objective:To determine intersession reliability of a FESS and a TESS on the left and right sides using a single examiner, to evaluate the relationship between tests, and to compare reasons for test termination.Design:Nonexperimental prospective repeated measures.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:A convenience sample of 60 healthy participants from a university community (17 men, 43 women; age 21.1 ± 2.2 y; height 169.9 ± 9.5 cm; weight 67.1 ± 11.9 kg).Results:Intraclass correlation coefficient between 3 testing sessions = .87 with right FESS, .86 with left FESS, .78 with right TESS, and .91 with left TESS. Pearson correlation coefficients ranged from .59 (between left FESS and left TESS in women) to .75 (between left FESS and left TESS in men). Upper extremity pain or fatigue was the reason given for test termination in 42.5% of participants during the TESS and 5.0% during the FESS (P = .000, Fisher exact test).Conclusions:FESS and TESS had comparable intersession reliability by the same evaluator. Moderate to high correlations were found between FESS and TESS scores, suggesting that the tests assess similar qualities. Far fewer participants terminated the FESS because of upper extremity pain or fatigue. Thus, the FESS may be a suitable alternative to the previously validated TESS, particularly for individuals with upper extremity pain or weakness.

scholarly journals Sero-Prevalence of Brucellosis in Pigs of Bhaktapur, Kavre and Banke Districts of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilu Sharma ◽  
Doj Raj Khanal ◽  
Yuvraj Panth
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Public Health Hazards

Brucellosis; a zoonotic disease which is caused by Brucella sp. viz; abortus, melitensis, ovis, canis, suis, in Nepal is regarded as one of the occupational and public health hazards for veterinarians, animal attendants, dairy man, slaughter-house workers, butchers and meat sellers. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in pigs of Bhaktapur, Kavre and Banke districts of Nepal. Serum samples of 231 pigs were collected purposively of which, 78 samples were from Bhaktapur, 85 from Kavre and 68 from Banke districts. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the pigs and were centrifuged to separate the serum from the blood. The separated serum samples were stored at -20°C in the NARC lab till the test was done. Out of 231 samples, 3.90% (9/231) of samples were found to have sero-positivity towards brucellosis by using indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. Fisher exact test was used to find association between variables. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) on sex-wise prevalence. This study shows a potential threat to the public health sector of the country along with the degradable impacts on animal health including the economy of farmers. Thus, timely implementation of appropriate preventive and control strategies should be adopted to eradicate the disease.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(4): 466-469

scholarly journals A Comparison of Various Surgical Treatments for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822097609
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Lee ◽  
Jun S. Kim ◽  
Paul Park ◽  
K. Daniel Riew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
National Database ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort. Objective: To compare the short-term outcomes for Laminoplasty, Laminectomy/fusion, and ACDF. Methods: We utilized a prospectively-collected, multi-center national database with a propensity score matching algorithm to compare the short-term outcomes for laminoplasty, laminectomy/fusion, and multi-level (>3) ACDF (with and without corpectomy). Bivariate analyses involved both chi-square/fisher exact test and t-test/ANOVA on perioperative factors. Multivariate analyses were performed to determined independent risk factors for short term outcomes. Results: 546 patients remained after propensity score matching, with 182 patients in each cohort. ACDF required the longest operative time 188 ± 79 versus laminectomy/fusion (169 ± 75, p = 0.017), and laminoplasty (167 ± 66, p = 0.004). ACDF required the shortest hospital stay (LOS ≥ 2: ACDF 56.6%, laminoplasty 89.6%, laminectomy/fusion 93.4%, p < 0.05). ACDF had lower overall complications (ACDF 3.9%, laminoplasty 7.7%, laminectomy/fusion 11.5%, p < 0.05), mortality (ACDF 0%, laminoplasty 0.55%, laminectomy/fusion 2.2%, p < 0.05), and unplanned readmissions (ACDF 4.4%, laminoplasty 4.4%, laminectomy/fusion 9.9%, p < 0.05). No significant differences were seen in the other outcomes including DVT/PT, acute renal failure, UTI, stroke, cardiac complications, or sepsis. In the multivariate analysis, laminectomy/fusion (OR 17, reference: ACDF) and laminoplasty (OR10, reference: ACDF) were strong independent risk factors for LOS ≥ 2 days. Laminectomy/fusion (OR 3.2, reference: ACDF) was an independent predictor for any adverse events 30-days after surgery. Conclusions: Laminectomy/fusion carries the highest risk for morbidity, mortality, and unplanned readmissions in the short-term postoperative period. Laminoplasty and ACDF cases carry similar short-term complications risks. ACDF is significantly associated with the longest operative duration and shortest LOS without an increase in individual or overall complications, readmissions, or reoperations

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

Electronic cigarettes: How confident and effective are allergists, pulmonologists, and primary care physicians in their practice behavior?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Sherry S. Zhou ◽  
Alan P. Baptist
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Personal Use

Background: There has been a striking increase in electronic cigarette (EC) use in the United States. The beliefs and practices toward ECs among physicians are unknown. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate EC practice patterns among allergists, pulmonologists, and primary care physicians. Methods: An anonymous survey was sent to physicians. The survey contained 32 questions and addressed issues related to demographics, cessation counseling behaviors, personal use, and knowledge and beliefs about ECs. Statistical analysis was performed by using analysis of variance, the Pearson χ2 test, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression. Results: A total of 291 physicians completed the survey (222 primary care physicians, 33 pulmonologists, and 36 allergists) for a response rate of 46%. The allergists asked about tobacco cigarette use as frequently as did the pulmonologists and more than the primary care physicians (p < 0.001), but they rarely asked about EC use. The pulmonologists scored highest on self-reported knowledge on ECs, although all the groups answered <40% of the questions correctly. The allergists did not feel as comfortable about providing EC cessation counseling as did the pulmonologists and primary care physicians (p < 0.001). All three groups were equally unlikely to recommend ECs as a cessation tool for tobacco cigarette users. Conclusion: Allergists lacked knowledge and confidence in providing education and cessation counseling for EC users. As the number of patients who use these products continues to increase, there is an urgent need for all physicians to be comfortable and knowledgeable with counseling about ECs.

Perbedaan Kontaminasi Bacteria Staphylococcus sp di Denominasi Uang Kertas Rupiah di Warung Jalan Adi Sucipto Kota Pontianak

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Sutriswanto Sutriswanto ◽  
Sugito Sugito
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Paper Money

Abstract: Staphylococcus is a cause of infection. Infection can be transmitted from a source by an indirect through fomite. Paper money can act as transmission of infectious agents, money acts as a fomite. Smaller denominations of value have higher contamination. This study aims to analyze differences in contamination bacterial Staphylococcus sp on denomination of paper money Rp.2.000, 5.000, Rp.10,000 and Rp.20.000 that currently shop on Adi Sucipto street town Pontianak. The research method used in this research is in the form of difference and the sample in this research is denomination of paper money curently with sampling technique using cluster sampling. Checkup of Staphylococcus spon denomination of paper money using rinse method. On these result of study, denomination of paper money Rp.2.000 that is contaminated staphylococcus sp is 80%, denomination of paper money Rp.5.000 that is contaminated staphylococcus sp is 70%, denomination of paper money Rp.10.000 and Rp.20.000 that is contaminated staphylococcus sp is 80%. The data from result of study has been obtained were analyzed statistically by using fisher exact test, the result of p (0,477) >α (0,05) which mean as H1 is rejected. So it can be concluded there is no difference of contamination bacteria staphylococcus sp on denominations of paper money rupiah.Abstrak: Staphylococcus merupakan penyebab terjadinya infeksi. Infeksi dapat ditularkan dari suatu sumber dengan mekanisme tidak langsung melalui fomite. Uang kertas dapat bertindak sebagai transmisi agens infeksius ,uang berperan sebagai fomite. Pecahan uang yang lebih kecil nilainya memiliki kontaminasi yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan cemaran bakteri Staphylococcus sp pada pecahan uang kertas Rp.2.000, 5.000, Rp.10.000 dan Rp.20.000 yang beredar di warung jalan Adi Sucipto kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian berbentuk komperatif dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah pecahan uang kertas rupiah dengan.teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Pemeriksaan Staphylococcus sp pada pecahan uang kertas rupiah menggunakan metode rinse. Pada hasil penelitian pecahan uang kertas Rp.2.000 yang tercemar staphylococcus sp adalah 80%, pecahan uang kertas Rp.5.000 yang tercemar staphylococcus spadalah 70%, pecahan uang kertas Rp.10.000 dan Rp.20.000 yang tercemar staphylococcus spadalah 50%. Berdasarkan data dari hasil penelitian yang telah didapat dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik fisher exact, didapatkan hasil p (0,477) >α (0,05) yang diartikan sebagai H1 ditolak. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan tidak ada perbedaan cemaran bakteri staphylococcus sp pada pecahan uang kertas rupiah.

Characteristics of Physician Relocation Following Hurricane Katrina

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Kusuma Madamala ◽  
Claudia R. Campbell ◽  
Edbert B. Hsu ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh ◽  
James James
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Introduction: On Aug. 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina made landfall along the Gulf Coast of the United States, resulting in the evacuation of more than 1.5 million people, including nearly 6000 physicians. This article examines the relocation patterns of physicians following the storm, determines the impact that the disaster had on their lives and practices, and identifies lessons learned. Methods: An Internet-based survey was conducted among licensed physicians reporting addresses within Federal Emergency Management Agency-designated disaster zones in Louisiana and Mississippi. Descriptive data analysis was used to describe respondent characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with physician nonreturn to original practice. For those remaining relocated out of state, bivariate analysis with x2 or Fisher exact test was used to determine factors associated with plans to return to original practice. Results: A total of 312 eligible responses were collected. Among disaster zone respondents, 85.6 percent lived in Louisiana and 14.4 percent resided in Mississippi before the hurricane struck. By spring 2006, 75.6 percent (n = 236) of the respondents had returned to their original homes, whereas 24.4 percent (n = 76) remained displaced. Factors associated with nonreturn to original employment included family or general medicine practice (OR 0.42, 95 percent CI 0.17–1.04; P = .059) and severe or complete damage to the workplace (OR 0.24, 95 percent CI 0.13–0.42; P &lt; .001). Conclusions: A sizeable proportion of physicians remain displaced after Hurricane Katrina, along with a lasting decrease in the number of physicians serving in the areas affected by the disaster. Programs designed to address identified physician needs in the aftermath of the storm may give confidence to displaced physicians to return.

Objective assessment of nasal resistance among electronic cigarette users

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
S W Lim ◽  
AB Zulkiflee
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Nasal Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance

Abstract Background Electronic cigarettes have been a popular alternative to tobacco smoking. The effect of tobacco smoking on nasal airway resistance has been investigated before; however, the effect of the aerosol generated by electronic cigarettes is still unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of e-cigarettes on nasal airway resistance. Methods Sixty-one participants were recruited into a vapers group and a control group. The vapers group was instructed to smoke for 5 minutes, and their nasal resistance was measured pre-procedure and at 1 and 5 minutes post-procedure. The results were compared between both groups. Results Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that vaping has no statistically significant effect on total nasal airway resistance. Conclusion Although the differences between both groups were not statistically significant overall, the vapers group showed a reduction in nasal airway resistance in the short term.

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