scholarly journals Influence of Inorganic Metal (Ag, Cu) Nanoparticles on Biological Activity and Biochemical Properties of Brassica napus Rhizosphere Soil

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kachel ◽  
Artur Nowak ◽  
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł ◽  
Renata Tyśkiewicz ◽  
Stanisław Parafiniuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Seed Soaking ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Spraying Plants ◽  
Chelating Compounds

Two separate forms of application of silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNP and CuNP in a nanocolloidal suspension) to winter oilseed rape seeds were used: (1) seed soaking (S) for 1 h at 20 °C in a NP suspension and (2) additional seed soaking and spraying plants 21-day-old seedlings (SP) with NP. The AgNP and CuNP colloidal suspensions in sterile distilled water were applied in three different NP concentrations (50, 100, 150 mg L−1). However, the changes in the biology and biochemistry of the Brassica napus rhizospheric soil after the application of CuNPs and AgNPs are not considerable, although mostly statistically significant, and the application of CuNPs is more beneficial for this activity than the application of AgNPs. The number of CFUs (colony–forming units) of the tested groups of culturable microorganisms (fungi and copiotrophic, oligotrophic, and siderophore-producing bacteria) indicates the following trend: the abundance of all the tested groups was slightly positively correlated with CuNPs and clearly negatively correlated with AgNPs in each version of application. The soil pH value and tested biochemical soil parameters (IAA: indole-3-acetic acid, PhC: phenolic compounds, FeCC: Fe–chelating compounds) were negatively correlated with AgNPs applied to the seeds (S) at all the tested concentrations and to the seeds and plants (SP) at the concentration of 50 mg L−1. In turn, these parameters were strongly positively correlated with CuNPs applied to the S and SP groups at the concentration of 50 mg L−1 as well as Ag applied to SP at 100 mg L−1. Decrease in dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was lower after the application of CuNPs and AgNPs in S than in the SP way, and the DHA activity was equal to the activity in the control sample after the CuNP application in 100 and 150 mg L−1 concentrations.

scholarly journals Identifying Controlling Factors of Bioaccumulation of Selected Metal(loid)s in Various Soil–Cereal Crop Systems within Cultivated Fluvisols

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Jan Skála ◽  
Radim Vácha ◽  
Jarmila Čechmánková
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Model Reliability ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Single Extractions

The paired Fluvisol and cereal samples in both the field screening and controlled experiments are reported to elucidate the soil–crop relationship for As, Cd, and Pb in relation to changing contamination levels. Significant varietal differences in plant uptake were observed for crop type (barley, triticale) and the harvested part of the crop (oat shoots and grain). When parametrizing the stepwise regression models, the inclusion of soil properties often improved the performance of soil–crop models but diverse critical soil parameters were retained in the model for individual metal(loid)s. The pH value was often a statistically significant variable for Cd uptake. For As and Pb, the more successful model fit was achieved using the indicators of quantity or quality of soil organic matter, but always with lower inherent model reliability compared to Cd. Further, a single correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between extractable metal concentrations in soil solution and their crop accumulation. For Cd, there were strong intercorrelations among single extractions, the NH4NO3 extraction stood out with perfect correlation with plant uptake in both experiments. For As and Pb, the CaCl2 and Na2EDTA solutions outperformed other single extractions and were the better choice for the assessment of depositional fluvial substrates.

Identification of yeasts in different rubber leaf (Hevea brasiliensis) clones and their effects on the physical properties of fermented glutinous rice tapai

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Z. Mohd Zin ◽  
N.I. Azman ◽  
S.B. Abd Razak ◽  
K. Ibrahim ◽  
N.D. Rusli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Rhodotorula Mucilaginosa ◽  
Glutinous Rice ◽  
Before And After

Tapai is one of the most popular traditional desserts in Malaysia and other Asian countries. Traditionally, tapai is wrapped in a rubber leaf to enhance the smell and increase its palatability. The study focused on identifying the yeasts present before and after the production of glutinous rice tapai wrapped in different rubber leaves clones, namely RRIM 2025, RRIM 2002, PB 260 and PB 350. The identification of the yeast was carried out using API 20C AUX test strips for all rubber leaves clones, glutinous rice tapai wrapped in RRIM 2025, RRIM 2002, PB 260, PB 350 and in a container (control). The results showed that Crytococcus laurentii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 2, Candida famata, Rhodotorula minuta were present in rubber leaf clones. While the yeasts that had been identified in tapai wrapped in rubber leaf were Candida guilliermondii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 2, Candida parapsilosis and Trichosporon mucoides and only C. guilliermondii was found in the container. The physical properties of the tapai that are wrapped in rubber leaves have a difference in texture, pH value and total soluble solids content compared to the control sample. The tapai sample wrapped in RRIM 2025 and RRIM 2002 had a high total soluble solid content of 45.8±0.14% and 45.78±0.16% °Bx, respectively. Meanwhile, the control sample has the highest pH value and the hardest rice kernels, which were 4.71±0.05 and 218.19±25.39 N, respectively. The results showed that the different yeasts present in the rubber leaf may cause changes in the physical properties of glutinous rice tapai.

10 INOCULATION OF CULTURE-NEGATIVE PORCINE SEMEN WITH NOVEL BIOFILM-FORMING BACTERIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
S. Clark ◽  
A. Ness ◽  
J. Baldrighi ◽  
L. Borst ◽  
C. Maddox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Clinical Infection ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Culture Negative

With the growing number of boar studs having semen analysis performed by reproductive specialists, a growing number of diagnostic challenges are encountered. Semen analysis classically involves evaluation of sperm cell motility, morphology, and concentration; however, culture of the extended semen sample for bacterial contamination has become routine. Two isolates, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Ralstonia pickettii, have recently been identified in the water distillation system of a boar stud facility that uses this water to extend the raw semen in various semen extenders. Insemination of sows with contaminated semen has resulted in severe pyometras diagnosed on necropsy. The effect of these bacteria on sperm motility has not been examined in a controlled setting. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of A. xylosoxidans (AX) and R. pickettii (RP) on pH and motility in culture-negative semen samples over a 7-day period at 16�C. Banked clinical isolates of AX and RP were plated on Columbia blood agar and incubated for 48 h at 37�C. For each isolate, a single colony was selected and transferred to 10 mL of Luria broth. The broth was then incubated for 24 h at 37�C. Optical density measurements were performed at 24 and 48 h of growth, followed by quantification of bacteria by plate counts of serially diluted broth cultures (colony forming units). At 24 h, AX and RP reached levels of 1 � 108 and 1 � 107 [colony-forming units (cfu) mL–1], respectively. Concentration of bacteria in clinical infection was determined to be approximately 1 � 104 and 102 for AX and RP, respectively. In order to attain concentrations similar to those in clinical infection, dilution of the bacteria was necessary. Centrifugation of broth culture at 4000 rpm for 5 min was performed and the bacterial pellet was re-suspended in culture-negative semen in Modena (SGI, LTD, Cambridge, IA, USA) extender to concentrations mimicking those in clinical infection. The samples were then incubated at 16�C and rotated once daily. Motility and morphology, viewed using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA: Spermvision; Minitube of America, Verona, WI, USA), and pH (Accumet AB15, Fisher Scientific, Hanover Park, IL, USA) were measured daily for each sample at 25�C. Data from 4 replicates were used in the analysis. For motility, ANOVA revealed no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the control and inoculated samples. A PROX MIXED analysis (SAS, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) revealed no treatment-by-time interaction with sperm motility after inoculation. For sample pH, statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were noted between all of the samples, primarily contributed by a treatment-by-time effect. The pH of the control sample became more basic over the 7-day period (from 6.94 to 7.32). This phenomenon was also observed in all of samples; however, semen inoculated with AX appeared to remain closer to neutral pH than did the RP samples. Although statistically significant differences were noted in pH, the addition of biofilm bacteria did not negatively affect the motility of extended porcine semen during this time period. Further experiments need to be performed in relation to different concentrations, time period of bacterial growth, and determination of final cfu mL–1.

scholarly journals Diatoms and Plants Acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferases (LPCATs) Exhibit Diverse Substrate Specificity and Biochemical Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 9056
Author(s):  
Ada Połońska ◽  
Katarzyna Jasieniecka-Gazarkiewicz ◽  
Lingjie You ◽  
Xiahui Hao ◽  
Sylwia Klińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Response To Temperature

The search of the Phaeodactylum tricornutum genome database revealed the existence of six genes potentially encoding lysophospholipid acyltransferases. One of these genes, Phatr3_J20460, after introduction to yeast ale1 mutant disrupted in the LPCAT gene, produced a very active acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCAT) enzyme. Using in vitro assays applying different radioactive and non-radioactive substrates and microsomal fractions from such yeast, we have characterized the biochemical properties and substrate specificities of this PtLPCAT1. We have found that the substrate specificity of this enzyme indicates that it can completely supply phosphatidylcholine (PC) with all fatty acids connected with a biosynthetic pathway of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) used further for the desaturation process. Additionally, we have shown that biochemical properties of the PtLPCAT1 in comparison to plant LPCATs are in some cases similar (such as the dependency of its activity on pH value), differ moderately (such as in response to temperature changes), or express completely different properties (such as in reaction to calcium and magnesium ions or toward some acyl-CoA with 20C polyunsaturated fatty acids). Moreover, the obtained results suggest that cloned “Phatr3_J20460” gene can be useful in oilseeds plant engineering toward efficient production of VLC-PUFA as LPCAT it encodes can (contrary to plant LPCATs) introduce 20:4-CoA (n-3) to PC for further desaturation to 20:5 (EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid).

scholarly journals Impact of Different Drying Temperatures and Osmotic Treatments on Quality of Pineapple Slices during Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Chaudhary Vipul ◽  
◽  
Kumar Vivak ◽  
Sunil Sunil ◽  
Kumar A Anil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Rehydration Ratio ◽  
Storage Study ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
And Control

The investigation was carried out using different drying temperatures and osmotic treatments. Storage study was also carried out for a period of 3 months for pineapple slices packed in HDPE bags. The effect on dehydrated pineapple samples determined by moisture content, ash, ascorbic acid, rehydration ratio and pH content. The highest moisture value was found 8.22% for control sample dried at 50°C after 90 days of storage while lowest 4.49% for 60°Brix sample dried at 70°C before storage. The highest ash value was found 3.80% 50°Brix treated sample dried at 50°C before storage while lowest 0.80% for control sample dried at 70°C after 90 days of storage. The highest ascorbic acid value was found 169.1 mg/100 g for 50°Brix treated sample dried at 50°C before storage while lowest 79.8 mg/100 g for control sample dried at 70°C after 90 days of storage. The highest rehydration ratio value was found 4.88 for control sample dried at 50°C before storage while lowest 2.57 for 60°Brix treated sample dried at 70°C after 90 days of storage. The highest pH value was found 5.2 for 50°Brix sample dried at 50°C before storage while lowest was found 4.6 for control sample dried at 70°C after 90 days of storage packed in HDPE bags. In most of the quality characteristics hot air oven drying at 50°C for 50°Brix sugar solution treated sample presented better values in comparison to 60°Brix and control samples.

scholarly journals SEARCH OF FERTILITY REGULATORS FOR POLIMA TYPE CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY OF SPRING RAPE (Brassica napus L.) AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Igor Pastukhov ◽  
Vladimir Karpachev
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Complete Restoration ◽  
Fertility Restorers

One of the prior directions in modern rapeseed breeding is making heterotic hybrids. Seed production of most hybrids F1 used in production are often carried out by two types of cytoplasmic male sterility, there are Polima and Ogura. At the All-Russian Rapeseed Research Institute, fertility restorers on sterile cytoplasm were made and estimated for the main valuable characteristics and biochemical properties. The purpose of the study was to create reducing agents necessary for obtaining highly productive hybrids on the Polima type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The object of research was 56 varieties of Brassica napus L., which were chosen in 2013. The setting of experiments, observations, records and analyzes were carried out using the field plot technique, the methodology of field experiments, the method of statistical data processing. It is noted that hybrids F1 had more productivity than the parental forms and the standard (Ratnik and Rif). Promising reducing agents of cytoplasmic male sterility of the Polima type were identified, which ensured complete restoration of fertility in sterile lines with CMS of the Polima type. The reducing agent LHR-1 is of practical interest for the creation of hybrids on the Polima CMS.

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of Hordeum vulgare, Brassica napus and Vicia faba in Worm and Root type Biopore Sheaths

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Petzoldt ◽  
Bärbel Kroschewski ◽  
Timo Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Bulk Soil

Abstract Aims Biopores offer favorable chemical, biological and physical properties for root growth in untilled soil layers. There they are considered as nutrient “hotspots” with preferential root growth. However, the literature lacks a quantification of metabolic activity due to nutrient acquisition of main crops while growing in the biopore sheath. Methods A pot experiment was performed to map the metabolic activity of roots, as indicated by pH change. The roots of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were growing through the biopore sheath influenced by an earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.) or a taproot (Cichorium intybus L.), in comparison to subsoil without a pore (bulk soil). pH sensitive planar optodes were applied in order to image a planar section of the sheath, while preserving an intact biopore sheath during the experiment. Results Roots were first found in the field of view in worm biopore then root biopore and bulk soil. At time of the first measurement the pH value was highest in worm biopore sheath (LS-Mean±SEM: 7.16a±0.11), followed by root biopore sheath (6.99ab±0.12) and bulk soil (6.61b±0.12). In spring oilseed rape a significant alkalization (+0.80 Δ pH) was found over time in bulk soil. Faba bean significantly acidified the root biopore sheath (-0.73 Δ pH). Spring barley showed no significant pH changes. Conclusions The results of the current study reveal a trend of faster root growth through biopores and a higher initial pH value in the biopore sheaths compared to the bulk soil. Biopores serve not only as an elongation path for roots, but their sheaths also provide an environment for root activity in the subsoil.

STUDY OF FERMENTATION PROCESS OF BAIKAL OMUL WITH THE USE OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
A.P. Nikiforova ◽  
◽  
S.N. Khazagaeva ◽  
I.S. Khamagaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Experimental Sample ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The article describes fermentation process of the Baikal omul with the bacterial concentrate containing Lactobacillus sakei LSK-104. pH and microbiological analyses were used as indicators of biochemical activity of lactic acid bacteria. As found, during fermentation of omul, pH of the muscle tissue in the experimental sample decreased faster and reached 5.05 at 14 days of fermentation, while in the control sample the pH value was 6.28. It can be explained by the formation of organic acids during the fermentation with lactic acid bacteria L. sakei LSK-104. In this case, the number of viable cells reacheed a maximum value of 1011 CFU/g. The lactic acid fermentation process in brine proceeded more intensively than in the muscle tissue. The data obtained in this study expand our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms that ensure survival of L. sakei LSK-104 under unfavorable cultivation conditions

scholarly journals Relationship between bacterial virulence and nucleotide metabolism: a mutation in the adenylate kinase gene renders Yersinia pestis avirulent

2003 ◽  
Vol 373 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène MUNIER-LEHMANN ◽  
Viviane CHENAL-FRANCISQUE ◽  
Mihaela IONESCU ◽  
Petya CHRISTOVA ◽  
Jeannine FOULON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Adenylate Kinase ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Permissive Temperature ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Nucleoside monophosphate kinases (NMPKs) are essential catalysts for bacterial growth and multiplication. These enzymes display high primary sequence identities among members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, belongs to this family. However, it was previously shown that its thymidylate kinase (TMPKyp) exhibits biochemical properties significantly different from those of its Escherichia coli counterpart [Chenal-Francisque, Tourneux, Carniel, Christova, Li de la Sierra, Barzu and Gilles (1999) Eur. J. Biochem. 265, 112–119]. In this work, the adenylate kinase (AK) of Y. pestis (AKyp) was characterized. As with TMPKyp, AKyp displayed a lower thermodynamic stability than other studied AKs. Two mutations in AK (Ser129→Phe and Pro87→Ser), previously shown to induce a thermosensitive growth defect in E. coli, were introduced into AKyp. The recombinant variants had a lower stability than wild-type AKyp and a higher susceptibility to proteolytic digestion. When the Pro87→Ser substitution was introduced into the chromosomal adk gene of Y. pestis, growth of the mutant strain was altered at the non-permissive temperature of 37 °C. In virulence testings, less than 50 colony forming units (CFU) of wild-type Y. pestis killed 100% of the mice upon subcutaneous infection, whereas bacterial loads as high as 1.5×104 CFU of the adk mutant were unable to kill any animals.

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