Effects of Adolescents’ Lifestyle Habits and Body Composition on Bone Mineral Density

The incidence of osteoporosis is increasing as the population ages, as is the need to manage and prevent it. Adolescence is the period when the fastest development of bone mass takes place. Increasing adolescents’ maximum bone mass and avoiding the risk factors for its loss are effective for preventing osteoporosis. This study investigated the factors influencing adolescents’ bone mineral density (BMD). The participants were 126 middle- and high-school students from Gangwon-do; 47.6% (n = 60) were male, with an average age of 15 (range 12–18) years of age. It was found that age, carbonated beverages, snacks, and calcium supplements were variables that showed significant differences in adolescents’ BMD. Additionally, through correlation analysis, it was found that height, weight, body mass index (BMI), body water, protein, minerals, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass were correlated with BMD. Multiple regression analysis identified age, calcium supplements, BMI, body fat mass, and skeletal muscle mass as BMD-associated factors. These results show that adolescents’ BMD is higher with lower body fat mass, higher BMI and skeletal muscle mass, and a higher intake of calcium supplements.

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P1569ADIPONECTIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINE IS SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

Hiroshi Ogawa ◽

Toshimitsu Koga ◽

Daisuke Fuwa ◽

Hirofumi Tamaki ◽

Takayuki Nanbu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Bone Mineral Content ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Total Plasma

Abstract Background and Aims Patients on hemodialysis are prone to undernutrition, malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome, and protein-energy wasting (PEW). One of the major adipocytokines adiponectin (ADPN) is involved in anti-arteriosclerotic and anti-inflammatory processes. However, ADPN is implicated in muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass in the elderly in addition to sarcopenia. At the 2019 ERA-EDTA Congress, we announced that total plasma ADPN levels in patients on hemodialysis (HD) showed a significant inverse correlation with BMI, body fat in percentage, mass and estimated skeletal muscle mass, and ADPN may be involved in sarcopenia in patients on HD. Herein, we investigated the association of ADPN level with sarcopenia in patients on HD using a method different from the one used in our previous study. We examined the relationship between total plasma ADPN level and the rate of change in estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over 5 years after the plasma ADPN measurement. Furthermore, we analyzed whether an elevated ADPN level was predictive of a subsequent decline in these parameters. Method Total plasma ADPN levels were measured using ELISA (Bio Vendor-Laboratorni Medicina a.s., Czech Republic) in 42 male patients on HD (age: 51.1 ± 9.0 years, dialysis vintage: 144.8 ± 99.2 months, BMI: 21.8 ± 3.2, dry BW: 62.0 ± 10.9 kg, dialysis time: 15.6 ± 3.1 hours/week). The estimates of skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass were made using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) within the same year when total plasma ADPN level were first measured in 2011 as well as in 2016. We then calculated the rates of change in the estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over the 5 years and correlated these parameters with the total plasma ADPN measurements. Results Conclusion Total plasma ADPN levels inversely correlate with larger rates of decrease in estimated skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content in patients on HD. This suggests that ADPN may play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content over time in patients on HD.

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Effects of PM2.5 on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass of the Elderly in Taipei, Taiwan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-47576-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chi-Hsien Chen ◽

Li-Ying Huang ◽

Kang-Yun Lee ◽

Chih-Da Wu ◽

Hung-Che Chiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

The Elderly ◽

Body Fat Mass

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Skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and hip bone mineral density in elderly women with hip fracture

Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism ◽

10.1007/s00774-007-0752-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 237-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Marco Di Monaco ◽

Fulvia Vallero ◽

Roberto Di Monaco ◽

Rosa Tappero ◽

Alberto Cavanna

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Elderly Women ◽

Mineral Density

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EFFECTS OF A 6-WEEK CONTROLED EXERCISE PROGRAM AND SEMI-CONTROLED DIET ON BODY FAT AND SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS IN ADULTS

Human Sport Medicine ◽

10.14529/hsm190101 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 7-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F Kukić ◽

N Todorović ◽

N Cvijanović

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Body Height ◽

Exercise Program ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Dietary Regimen

Aim. To investigate the effects of a 6-week of controlled exercise program followed by a semi-controlled dietary regimen on indicators of body fat mass (BF) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) of adults. Materials and methods. The sample consisted of 28 particpants with the main characteristics of the sample being: age = 29.70 ± 8.35 years, body height (BH) = 177.35 ± 9.36 cm, and body mass (BM) = 105.20 ± 27.06 kg. Body composition parameters, BM, body fat mass (BF), trunk fat (TF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), percent of body fat (PBF), percent of skeletal muscle mass (PSMM), body mass index (BMI), and index of hypokinesia (IH) were collected before and after six weeks of exercise program and semi-controlled diet regimen. A Paired sample T-test and effect size (ES) were used to determine the effects and their magnitude of the treatment applied. Results. A 6-week treatment significantly affected investigated variables, wherein BF (–6.75 kg, p < 0.001), TF (–3.28 kg, p < 0.001), and SMM (–0.91 kg, p = 0.003) tissue decreased in a different degree, leading to a small but highly significant increase in PSMM (2.60 %, p < 0.001). A decrease in BF and SMM resulted in a significant reduction in BMI, while IH decreased in a smaller degree than BMI because PBF and PSMM changed inversely. Conclusion. Six weeks of a controlled exercise program 3 times/week and semi-controlled diet is an effective approach to the reduction of BM, BF, and TF and to increasing the movement potential by changing the proportions of PBF and PSMM.

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The Relationship between Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels and Body Composition Changes after Sleeve Gastrectomy

Obesity Facts ◽

10.1159/000519610 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Masahiro Ohira ◽

Yasuhiro Watanabe ◽

Takashi Yamaguchi ◽

Hiroki Onda ◽

Shuhei Yamaoka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Preoperative Serum ◽

The Relationship ◽

Composition Changes

Introduction: We previously reported that preoperative serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a predictor of total weight loss percentage (%TWL) after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). IGF-1 may suppress muscle loss after surgery. IGF-1 almost accurately reflects the growth hormone (GH) secretion status, and GH has lipolytic effects. Therefore, IGF-1 may influence both the maintenance of skeletal muscle and the reduction of adipose tissue after LSG. The identification of the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 and body composition changes after LSG can help in understanding the pathophysiology of obesity. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 72 patients with obesity who underwent LSG and were followed up for 12 months. We analyzed the relationship between preoperative serum IGF-1 levels and body composition changes after LSG. A multiple regression model was used. Results: LSG led to a significant reduction in body weight. Both body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass decreased after LSG. Preoperative serum IGF-1 levels significantly correlated with %TWL, changes in skeletal muscle mass, and body fat mass after LSG. The multiple regression model showed that preoperative serum IGF-1 levels were related to decreased body fat mass and maintaining skeletal muscle mass after LSG. Discussion/Conclusion: Preoperative IGF-1 measurement helps predict not only successful weight loss but also decreases body fat mass and maintains skeletal muscle mass after LSG.

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Influence of the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index on the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-04748-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Geise Ferreira da Cruz ◽

Tatiana Mion Lunz ◽

Tatielle Rocha de Jesus ◽

Mariana Braga Costa ◽

Camila Vilarinho Vidigal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass Index ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass

Abstract Background The appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) is an important risk indicator for osteoporosis because of the anatomical proximity and metabolic connection between muscle and bone mass. The present study investigated the relationship between ASMI and the bone mineral density (BMD) categories of postmenopausal women. Methods In this cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample, sociodemographic, lifestyle, menopause time, anthropometric, and physical activity variables were collected. ASMI and BMD were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Participants were grouped according to BMD values into normal density, osteopenia, and osteoporosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to verify the influence of ASMI on BMD. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software, version 22. The significance level for all tests was set at 5%. Results Of the 114 women analyzed, most were between 60 and 69.9 years of age (62.3%), on menopause for ≤19.0 (51.8%), self-declared brown race/color (49.1%), had < 4 years of education (41.2%), never smoked (69.0%) or drank alcohol (62.8%). Of these, 52.6% were classified as sufficiently active and 52.2% had regular sun exposure. Women with osteoporosis were older (p = 0.035), on menopause for a longer time (p = 0.011), underweight (p = 0.004), had adequate waist circumference (p = 0.017), and low ASMI values (p = 0.002). There was an association between the 1st tertile of ASMI and osteoporosis. However, after adjustments for age, race/color, and body mass index, the strength of association between BMD and ASMI was not maintained. Conclusions ASMI was not associated with the BMD of the postmenopausal women evaluated. Total body and muscle mass, in addition to bone mass, should be monitored during menopause treatment. Longitudinal studies must be conducted to elucidate the mechanisms and gaps in this relationship.

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Combining Amino Acid and Vitamin D Supplementation with Exercise Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Mass and Prevent Bone Mineral Density Loss in Participants with Low Muscle Mass

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v10n2p28 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Ha Cao Thi Thu ◽

Satoshi Kurose ◽

Yaeko Fukushima ◽

Nana Takao ◽

Natsuko Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Supplement Group

This study evaluated the impact of exercise training with amino acid and vitamin D supplementation on muscle and bone mass in participants with low muscle volume. Twenty-nine Japanese participants (56-84 years old) were enrolled and assigned into the supplement (n=15) and non-supplement (n=14) groups. All participants underwent a 6-month exercise program. Supplements and nutrition support were provided to the participants in the supplement group for 12 weeks. Body composition and whole bone mineral density (BMD) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The outcomes, including body composition, whole BMD, and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), were evaluated twice: pre- and post-intervention. The SMI was 6.51(6.28; 7.14) and 5.58 (5.24; 6.05) (kg/m2) in men and women, respectively. The average SMI change was 0.13% (-0.05%; 0.31%) and 2.33% (-0.88%; 5.48%); [mean (lower; upper quartile)]. The average BMD loss in the non-supplement group was -2.78%, and the BMD increased in the supplement group by 4.34%; there was an absolute difference between the two groups (p<0.05). After the intervention, serum myostatin was changed (p=0.001, non-supplement>supplement), serum vitamin D was increased (p=0.03; supplement>non-supplement), and BMD was maintained (p=0.03, supplement>non-supplement). There was a significant difference in the serum myostatin level at baseline and at 6-month in the non-supplement group, with a mean difference of 483.78 ng/ml (p=0.01). There was no significant improvement in the total lean mass, and handgrip strength. Resistance exercise combined with an amino acid supplement affects muscle and bone mass in the short-term intervention.

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