scholarly journals Pilot-Scale Test Results of Electrodialysis Bipolar Membrane for Reverse-Osmosis Concentrate Recovery

Membranes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Leyla Gazigil ◽  
Eren Er ◽  
O. Erdem Kestioğlu ◽  
Taner Yonar
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Bipolar Membrane ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
System A ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Concentrate Acid ◽  
Acids And Bases

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the potential of electrodialysis bipolar membrane (EDBM) systems for the recovery of the concentrate originating from an organized industrial estate (OIE) wastewater treatment system with reverse osmosis (RO). Acids and bases were obtained from a pilot-scale treatment plant as a result of the research. Furthermore, the sustainability and affordability of acids and bases obtained by EDBM systems were investigated. Six cycles were carried out in continuous-flow mode with the EDBM system as batch cycles in the disposal of the concentrate and the production of acids and bases with the EDBM system. For each cycle, the EDBM system was operated for 66, 48, 66, and 80 min, respectively, and the last two cycles were operated for a total of 165 min (70 + 90) with 5 min of waiting. In the EDBM system, a working method was determined such that the cycle flow rate was 180 L/hour, energy to be given to the system was 25 V, and the working pressure was in the range of 0.8–2.5 bar. In the six cycles with the EDBM system, the concentrate, acid and base, conductivity, pH, and pressure increase values were investigated depending on time. Throughout all these studies, the cycles were continued over the products formed in the acid and base chamber. As a result of all the cycles, acid (HCl) production at a level of 1.44% and base (NaOH) production at a level of 2% were obtained.

Chemical monitoring strategy for the assessment of advanced water treatment plant performance

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Drewes ◽  
J. A. McDonald ◽  
T. Trinh ◽  
M. V. Storey ◽  
S. J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Plant Operation

A pilot-scale plant was employed to validate the performance of a proposed full-scale advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) in Sydney, Australia. The primary aim of this study was to develop a chemical monitoring program that can demonstrate proper plant operation resulting in the removal of priority chemical constituents in the product water. The feed water quality to the pilot plant was tertiary-treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. The unit processes of the AWTP were comprised of an integrated membrane system (ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis) followed by final chlorination generating a water quality that does not present a source of human or environmental health concern. The chemical monitoring program was undertaken over 6 weeks during pilot plant operation and involved the quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, steroidal hormones, industrial chemicals, pesticides, N-nitrosamines and halomethanes. The first phase consisted of baseline monitoring of target compounds to quantify influent concentrations in feed waters to the plant. This was followed by a period of validation monitoring utilising indicator chemicals and surrogate measures suitable to assess proper process performance at various stages of the AWTP. This effort was supported by challenge testing experiments to further validate removal of a series of indicator chemicals by reverse osmosis. This pilot-scale study demonstrated a simplified analytical approach that can be employed to assure proper operation of advanced water treatment processes and the absence of trace organic chemicals.

scholarly journals Pilot-Scale Assessment of Urea as a Chemical Cleaning Agent for Biofouling Control in Spiral-Wound Reverse Osmosis Membrane Elements

Membranes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huma Sanawar ◽  
Szilárd S. Bucs ◽  
Martin A. Pot ◽  
Jure Zlopasa ◽  
Nadia M. Farhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Membrane Module ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning Agent ◽  
Biofouling Control ◽  
Spiral Wound

Routine chemical cleaning with the combined use of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is carried out as a means of biofouling control in reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The novelty of the research presented herein is in the application of urea, instead of NaOH, as a chemical cleaning agent to full-scale spiral-wound RO membrane elements. A comparative study was carried out at a pilot-scale facility at the Evides Industriewater DECO water treatment plant in the Netherlands. Three fouled 8-inch diameter membrane modules were harvested from the lead position of one of the full-scale RO units treating membrane bioreactor (MBR) permeate. One membrane module was not cleaned and was assessed as the control. The second membrane module was cleaned by the standard alkali/acid cleaning protocol. The third membrane module was cleaned with concentrated urea solution followed by acid rinse. The results showed that urea cleaning is as effective as the conventional chemical cleaning with regards to restoring the normalized feed channel pressure drop, and more effective in terms of (i) improving membrane permeability, and (ii) solubilizing organic foulants and the subsequent removal of the surface fouling layer. Higher biomass removal by urea cleaning was also indicated by the fact that the total organic carbon (TOC) content in the HCl rinse solution post-urea-cleaning was an order of magnitude greater than in the HCl rinse after standard cleaning. Further optimization of urea-based membrane cleaning protocols and urea recovery and/or waste treatment methods is proposed for full-scale applications.

The use of constructed wetlands to upgrade treated sewage effluents before discharge to natural surface water in texel island, The Netherlands – pilot study

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schreijer ◽  
R. Kampf ◽  
S. Toet ◽  
J. Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
System A ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
High Degree

Since 1988 experiments have been carried out on a pilot scale on polishing of sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent in a constructed wetland system, a combination of a macrophyte bed and a lagoon. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) has been between one and ten days. At HRTs of 2-3 days a favourable oxygen regime and a high degree of removal of E. coli bacteria could be obtained. The natural alternation of low and high oxygen levels resulted in an extra nitrogen removal from the low levels of nitrogen in the effluent of the STP. Phosphorus removal in the wetland system under these conditions was low, therefore chemical precipitation has to take place in the STP. The favourable results of the study have led to the construction of a full scale 3.5 ha wetland system for the treatment of 3500 m3 effluent day−1 in 1994. The HRT is 2.1 days at dry weather flow. The purpose of this wetland is to further polish the STP effluent in order to match the water quality of the natural local surface waters.

Chemical monitoring strategy for the assessment of advanced water treatment plant performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Drewes ◽  
J. A. McDonald ◽  
T. Trinh ◽  
M. V. Storey ◽  
S. J. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Monitoring ◽  
Plant Operation

A pilot-scale plant was employed to validate the performance of a proposed full-scale advanced water treatment plant (AWTP) in Sydney, Australia. The primary aim of this study was to develop a chemical monitoring program that can demonstrate proper plant operation resulting in the removal of priority chemical constituents in the product water. The feed water quality to the pilot plant was tertiary-treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant. The unit processes of the AWTP were comprised of an integrated membrane system (ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis) followed by final chlorination generating a water quality that does not present a source of human or environmental health concern. The chemical monitoring program was undertaken over 6 weeks during pilot plant operation and involved the quantitative analysis of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, steroidal hormones, industrial chemicals, pesticides, N-nitrosamines and halomethanes. The first phase consisted of baseline monitoring of target compounds to quantify influent concentrations in feed waters to the plant. This was followed by a period of validation monitoring utilising indicator chemicals and surrogate measures suitable to assess proper process performance at various stages of the AWTP. This effort was supported by challenge testing experiments to further validate removal of a series of indicator chemicals by reverse osmosis. This pilot-scale study demonstrated a simplified analytical approach that can be employed to assure proper operation of advanced water treatment processes and the absence of trace organic chemicals.

Heating up trickling filters to tackle cold weather conditions

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Gebert ◽  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Biofilm Support

The investigated effects of heating the filling material in trickling filters were carried out at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant, Germany. Two pilot scale trickling filters were set up. Heat exchanger pipings were embedded in the filter media of one of these trickling filters, and the temperature in the trickling filter was raised. The other trickling filter was operated under normal temperature conditions, and was used as a control. The results clearly demonstrate that the performance of trickling filters cannot be constantly improved by heating the biofilm support media. A sustained increase of the metabolic rates did not occur. The decrease of the solubility of oxgen in water and mass transfer limitations caused by an increase of the biofilm thickness are the main reasons for that. Thus, the heating of trickling filters (e.g. by waste heat utilization) in order to increase the capacity of trickling filters under cold weather conditions cannot be recommended.

Fuzzy control of coagulation reaction through streaming current monitoring

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Liu ◽  
M. D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic Controller ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Streaming Current ◽  
On Line ◽  
Current Monitoring

A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) incorporating the streaming current detector (SDC) was utilized in the automatic control of the coagulation reaction. Kaolinite was used to prepare synthetic raw water, and ferric chloride was used as the coagulant. The control set point was decided at a streaming current (SC) of −0.05 and pH of 8.0 from jar tests, zeta potential and streaming current measurements. A bench-scale water treatment plant with rapid mix, flocculation, and sedimentation units, operated in a continuous-flow mode, was utilized to simulate the reaction. Two critical parameters affecting the coagulation reaction, i.e., pH and streaming current, were chosen as process outputs; while coagulant dose and base dose were chosen as control process inputs. They were on-line monitored and transduced through a FLC. With raw water of initial turbidity of 110 NTU, residual turbidity of lower than 10 NTU before filtration was obtained. Results show that this combination functions satisfactorily for coagulation control.

Characteristics of nitrogen removal and microbial distribution by application of spent sulfidic caustic in pilot scale wastewater treatment plant

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1965-1965
Author(s):  
S. Park ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
J. Park ◽  
I. Byun ◽  
T. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Microbial Distribution ◽  
Spent Sulfidic Caustic ◽  
Sulfidic Caustic

Publisher‘s note. We regret that the published version of this article erroneously denoted the first author as corresponding author; in fact the formal corresponding author of this paper is Professor Taeho Lee, whose address is repeated below.

Acids, bases and buffer solutions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Sherwood ◽  
Paul Dalby
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Acids And Bases ◽  
Conjugate Bases

Many reactions in solution involve acids and bases, and so this chapter examines these important reactions in detail. Topics covered include the ionisation of water, pH, pOH, acids and bases, conjugate acids and conjugate bases, acid and base dissociation constants, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the Henderson-Hasselbalch approximation, buffer solutions and buffer capacity. A unique feature of this chapter is a ‘first principles’ analysis of how a reaction buffered at a particular pH achieves an equilibrium composition different from that of the same reaction taking place in an unbuffered solution. This introduces some concepts which are important in understanding the biochemical standard state, as required for Chapter 23.

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