scholarly journals Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Nutrition and Nutrients in Prevention and Treatment

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3708
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Michele Ghezzi ◽  
Hellas Cena ◽  
Martina Chiara Pascuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Asthma Risk ◽  
Control Asthma ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Unbalanced Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Childhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pulmonary overreaction to environmental triggers, which ultimately result in asthma-like symptoms, and the importance of dietary characteristics is well recognized. Diet is an important adjustable element in the asthma development. Food-specific composition of the diet, in particular fat, sugar, and low-quality nutrients, is likely to promote the chronic inflammatory state seen in asthmatic patients with obesity. An unbalanced diet or supplementation as a way to control asthma more efficiently has been described. A personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response. In this narrative review, we presented and discussed more recent literature on asthma associated with obesity among children, focusing on the risk of asthma among children with obesity, asthma as a result of obesity focusing on the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma. Appropriate early nutritional intervention could possibly be critical in preventing and managing asthma associated with obesity among children.

scholarly journals Inflammation in Obesity-Related Complications in Children: The Protective Effect of Diet and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1324
Author(s):  
Valeria Calcaterra ◽  
Corrado Regalbuto ◽  
Debora Porri ◽  
Gloria Pelizzo ◽  
Emanuela Mazzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nutrition And Diet ◽  
Pediatric Overweight ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
The Impact

Obesity is a growing health problem in both children and adults, impairing physical and mental state and impacting health care system costs in both developed and developing countries. It is well-known that individuals with excessive weight gain frequently develop obesity-related complications, which are mainly known as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and many other risk factors proven to be associated with chronic inflammation, causing disability and reduced life expectancy. This review aims to present and discuss complications related to inflammation in pediatric obesity, the critical role of nutrition and diet in obesity-comorbidity prevention and treatment, and the impact of lifestyle. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of pediatric overweight and obesity is recommended for overall healthy growth and prevention of comorbidities in adulthood.

scholarly journals Could the beneficial effects of dietary calcium on obesity and diabetes control be mediated by changes in intestinal microbiota and integrity?

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. G. Gomes ◽  
J. A. Costa ◽  
R. C. Alfenas
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Supplementation Period ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvidence from animal and human studies has associated gut microbiota, increased translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and reduced intestinal integrity (II) with the inflammatory state that occurs in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Consumption of Ca may favour body weight reduction and glycaemic control, but its influence on II and gut microbiota is not well understood. Considering the impact of metabolic diseases on public health and the role of Ca on the pathophysiology of these diseases, this review critically discusses possible mechanisms by which high-Ca diets could affect gut microbiota and II. Published studies from 1993 to 2015 about this topic were searched and selected from Medline/PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases. High-Ca diets seem to favour the growth of lactobacilli, maintain II (especially in the colon), reduce translocation of LPS and regulate tight-junction gene expression. We conclude that dietary Ca might interfere with gut microbiota and II modulations and it can partly explain the effect of Ca on obesity and T2DM control. However, further research is required to define the supplementation period, the dose and the type of Ca supplement (milk or salt) required for more effective results. As Ca interacts with other components of the diet, these interactions must also be considered in future studies. We believe that more complex mechanisms involving extraintestinal disorders (hormones, cytokines and other biomarkers) also need to be studied.

scholarly journals Impact of Laparoscopic Fundoplication for the Treatment of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme da Silva Mazzini ◽  
Richard Ricachenevsky Gurski
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Gastric Content ◽  
Antireflux Surgery ◽  
Laparoscopic Fundoplication ◽  
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Proximal Esophagus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is part of the so-called extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It is presented by unspecific symptoms and signs and is believed to be caused by the reflux of gastric content to the proximal esophagus and larynx. However, evidence considering the role of the antireflux surgery for LPR has failed to demonstrate results comparable to those for GERD. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature regarding the impact of laparoscopic fundoplication for the treatment of LPR.

scholarly journals Impact of cocoa polyphenol extracts on the immune system and microbiota in two strains of young rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (12) ◽  
pp. 1944-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malen Massot-Cladera ◽  
Mar Abril-Gil ◽  
Sandra Torres ◽  
Àngels Franch ◽  
Margarida Castell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Rat Strain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

A diet containing 10 % cocoa, a rich source of polyphenols and fibre, is able to modify intestinal immune status as well as microbiota composition. The present study was aimed at investigating whether cocoa flavonoid content is uniquely responsible for these modulatory effects of cocoa, and to establish whether these effects depend on the rat strain. To this end, 3-week-old Wistar and Brown Norway rats were fed, for 4 weeks, either a standard diet or the following three isoenergetic diets containing increasing proportions of cocoa flavonoids from different sources: one with 0·2 % polyphenols (from conventional defatted cocoa), and two others with 0·4 and 0·8 % polyphenols (from non-fermented cocoa, very rich in polyphenols). Serum Ig concentrations, faecal IgA levels, microbiota composition and IgA-coating bacterial proportion were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the study. After the nutritional intervention, the composition of lymphocytes in Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes was evaluated. In some respects, the Wistar strain was more sensitive to the impact of the cocoa diets than the Brown Norway strain. After 4 weeks of dietary intervention, similar modulatory effects of the diets containing 0·2 and 0·8 % polyphenols on mucosal IgA levels and microbiota composition were found, although the 0·2 % diet, with a higher proportion of theobromine and fibre, had more impact, suggesting that polyphenols are not the only components involved in such effects.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Antioxidants in Nitric Oxide/COX-2 Interaction during Inflammatory Pain: The Role of Nitration

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Sara Ilari ◽  
Concetta Dagostino ◽  
Valentina Malafoglia ◽  
Filomena Lauro ◽  
Luigino Antonio Giancotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Manganese Superoxide ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
The Impact

In clinical practice, inflammatory pain is an important, unresolved health problem, despite the utilization of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the last decade, different studies have proven that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are involved in the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia via the post-translation modification of key proteins, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). It is well-known that inducible cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) plays a crucial role at the beginning of the inflammatory response by converting arachidonic acid into proinflammatory prostaglandin PGE2 and then producing other proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines. Here, we investigated the impact of oxidative stress on COX-2 and prostaglandin (PG) pathways in paw exudates, and we studied how this mechanism can be reversed by using antioxidants during hyperalgesia in a well-characterized model of inflammatory pain in rats. Our results reveal that during the inflammatory state, induced by intraplantar administration of carrageenan, the increase of PGE2 levels released in the paw exudates were associated with COX-2 nitration. Moreover, we showed that the inhibition of ROS with Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin(MnTBAP) antioxidant prevented COX-2 nitration, restored the PGE2 levels, and blocked the development of thermal hyperalgesia.

The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Serafini ◽  
Giuseppa Morabito
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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