enzymatic antioxidant
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

357
(FIVE YEARS 102)

H-INDEX

31
(FIVE YEARS 7)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Asadikaram ◽  
Hossein Pourghdamyari ◽  
Moslem Abolhassani ◽  
Mojtaba Abbasi-Jorjandi ◽  
Sanaz Faramarz ◽  
...  

Abstract Background and aims: Pesticides are nowadays known as one of the most important causes of human disorders worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in the development of lung cancer. Methods We determined the levels of seven derived OCP residues (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, 2,4 DDT, 4,4 DDT, 2,4 DDE, and 4,4 DDE) and enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers including paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), erythrocyte's acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and non-enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in the blood samples of 51 lung cancer patients and 51 healthy subjects as controls. Furthermore, the effects of OPP exposure on the development of lung cancer and oxidative stress (OS) are indirectly assessed by measuring AChE and PON-1 enzyme activities. Results The average values of all the measured OCPs were significantly higher in lung cancer patients when compared with healthy control subjects. AChE, PON-1, GPx, and CAT activity levels as well as the amounts of PC, MDA, and NO were higher in patients with lung cancer than in the control subjects, while TAC values were lower in the patients. Moreover, our data showed a significant association between OCP concentrations and OS parameters. Conclusion The results suggest that OCPs and OPPs may have a role in lung cancer incidence in southeastern Iran, and at least one of the mechanisms by which OCPs and OPPs may contribute to increasing the development of lung cancer in the studied area is through OS generation.


2022 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 113080
Author(s):  
Shalinder Kaur ◽  
Nadia Chowhan ◽  
Padma Sharma ◽  
Sonia Rathee ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1457-1468
Author(s):  
Alphonse Ervé Nouck ◽  
Mathias Julien Hand ◽  
Elvis Ngwa Numfor ◽  
Serge Sondi Ekwel ◽  
Cécile Mbondjo Ndouma ◽  
...  

Salinity stress is the main abiotic constraints limiting crop yield worldwide. We investigated the effect of salt stress on growth, dry weight partitioning, chlorophyll content, mineral uptake, biochemical constituents and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds of white pepper (Piper nigrum L.). White pepper seeds were planted in polythene bags previously filled with sand and supplied with a nutrient solution in a greenhouse during six weeks as a completely randomized design. Plants were subjected to four different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM). Supplies of intake doses of NaCl in the culture medium significantly decreased the dry biomass, stem height, leaf area and chlorophyll contents respectively from 100 mM NaCl. Mineral elements (K, Ca and Mg) significantly (P < 0.001) decreased in plant organs. The different biochemical constituents (proline, total soluble carbohydrates, soluble proteins and total free amino acids), total phenolic and flavonoids contents significantly (P < 0.001) increased from 50 mM NaCl. The accumulation of biochemical constituents in the leaves increased the osmotic potential of white pepper and could be considered as biochemical indicators of early selection and osmotic adjustment ability for salt tolerant plants. The planting of white pepper in salt affected soils could be encouraged for better development.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1698
Author(s):  
Francisco Luis Espinosa-Vellarino ◽  
Inmaculada Garrido ◽  
Alfonso Ortega ◽  
Ilda Casimiro ◽  
Francisco Espinosa

Dittrichia viscosa plants were grown hydroponically with different concentrations of Sb. There was preferential accumulation of Sb in roots. Fe and Cu decreased, while Mn decreased in roots but not in leaves. Chlorophyll content declined, but the carotenoid content increased, and photosynthetic efficiency was unaltered. O2●− generation increased slightly, while lipid peroxidation increased only in roots. H2O2, NO, ONOO−, S-nitrosothiols, and H2S showed significant increases, and the enzymatic antioxidant system was altered. In roots, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) activities declined, dehydroscorbate reductase (DHAR) rose, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were unaffected. In leaves, SOD and POX increased, MDAR decreased, and APX was unaltered, while GR increased. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and l-cysteine desulfhydrilase (l-DES) increased in activity, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased in leaves but was enhanced in roots. Components of the AsA/GSH cycle decreased. The great capacity of Dittrichia roots to accumulate Sb is the reason for the differing behaviour observed in the enzymatic antioxidant systems of the two organs. Sb appears to act by binding to thiol groups, which can alter free GSH content and SOD and GST activities. The coniferyl alcohol peroxidase activity increased, possibly to lignify the roots’ cell walls. Sb altered the ROS balance, especially with respect to H2O2. This led to an increase in NO and H2S acting on the antioxidant system to limit that Sb-induced redox imbalance. The interaction NO, H2S and H2O2 appears key to the response to stress induced by Sb. The interaction between ROS, NO, and H2S appears to be involved in the response to Sb.


Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2294
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibullah ◽  
Shahnaz Sarkar ◽  
Mohammad Mahbub Islam ◽  
Kamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Md. Zillur Rahman ◽  
...  

Sesame is sensitive to waterlogging, and its growth is devastatingly impacted under excess moisture conditions. Thus, waterlogging tolerance is crucial to alleviate yield constraints, particularly under expected climate change. In this study, 119 diverse sesame genotypes were screened for their tolerance to 12, 24, 48, and 72 h of waterlogging relative to non-waterlogged conditions. All plants died under 72 h of waterlogging, while 13.45%, 31.93%, and 45.38% of genotypes survived at 48, 24, and 12 h, respectively. Based on the seedling parameters and waterlogging tolerance coefficients, genotypes BD-7008 and BD-6985 exhibited the highest tolerance to waterlogging, while BD-6996 and JP-01811 were the most sensitive ones. The responses of these four genotypes to waterlogged conditions were assessed at different plant growth stages—30, 40, and 50 days after sowing (DAS)—versus normal conditions. Waterlogging, particularly when it occurred within 30 DAS, destructively affected the physiological and morphological characteristics, which was reflected in the growth and yield attributes. Genotype BD-7008, followed by BD-6985, exhibited the highest chlorophyll and proline contents as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). These biochemical and physiological adjustments ameliorated the adverse effects of waterlogging, resulting in higher yields for both genotypes. Conversely, JP-01811 presented the lowest chlorophyll and proline contents as well as enzymatic antioxidant activities, resulting in the poorest growth and seed yield.


Author(s):  
Abigail E. Frawley ◽  
Kristen J. DeMoranville ◽  
Katherine M. Carbeck ◽  
Lisa Trost ◽  
Amadeusz Bryła ◽  
...  

Birds, like other vertebrates, rely on a robust antioxidant system to protect themselves against oxidative imbalance caused by energy-intensive activities such as flying. Such oxidative challenges may be especially acute for females during spring migration, since they must pay the oxidative costs of flight while preparing for reproduction; however, little previous work has examined how the antioxidant system of female spring migrants responds to dietary antioxidants and the oxidative challenges of regular flying. We fed two diets to female European starlings, one supplemented with a dietary antioxidant and one without, and then flew them daily in a windtunnel for two weeks during the fall and spring migration periods. We measured the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (GPx, SOD, CAT), non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (ORAC), and markers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides) in four tissues: pectoralis, leg, liver, and heart. Dietary antioxidants affected enzymatic antioxidant activity and lipid damage in the heart, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the pectoralis, and protein damage in leg muscle. In general, birds fed less antioxidants appear to incur increased oxidative damage while upregulating non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activity, though these effects were strongly tissue-specific. We also found trends for diet x training interactions for enzymatic antioxidant activity in the heart and leg. Flight-training may condition the antioxidant system of females to dynamically respond to oxidative challenges, and females during spring migration may shift antioxidant allocation to reduce oxidative damage.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atika Eddaikra ◽  
Naouel Eddaikra

Oxidative stress is an important component of various diseases. It manifests as an imbalance caused by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are associated with a deficit of antioxidant activity. This deficit can be the consequence of genetic factors, environmental ones, metabolic imbalance, toxicity or direct attacks by the accumulation of free radicals. These can induce metabolic dysfunction affecting biological macromolecules in their structures or activities. From a physiological perspective, the neutralization of free radicals is ensured by enzymatic, antioxidant and non-enzymatic defense systems. In the present chapter, we will focus on the endogenous enzymatic antioxidant defense system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPxs), thioredoxin (Trx) and paraxonase which play an important role in homeostatic redox balance. Also, we will review this set of antioxidants enzymes within different pathological states such as diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or parasitic diseases such as Leishmaniasis and Malaria.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document