scholarly journals Influence of Nitrogen Sources Applied by Fertigation to an Enriched Soil with Organic Compost on Growth, Mineral Nutrition, and Phytochemicals Content of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) in Two Successive Harvests

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rui M. A. Machado ◽  
Isabel Alves-Pereira ◽  
Yasmin Faty ◽  
Sara Perdigão ◽  
Rui Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Compost

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen source applied by fertigation to an enriched soil with organic compost on plant growth, mineral nutrition, and phytochemical contents in two successive harvests in coriander. The treatments were as follows: unfertilized soil, soil enriched with organic compost, and soil enriched with organic compost to which 60 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate and as ammonium sulfate applied by fertigation were added. Ammonium nitrate addition allowed to obtain a high total fresh yield (3.6 kg m−2) with a low inorganic nitrogen input. Ammonium nitrate increased plant shoot dry weight; fresh yield; and shoot N, K, and Ca uptake in the first harvest. Ammonium nitrate relative to organic compost and to ammonium sulfate increased fresh yield by approximately 57 and 25%, respectively. However, ammonium sulfate in the first harvest greatly increased shoot total phenols, from 137 mgGAE/100 g FW in ammonium nitrate to 280.4 mgGAE/100 g FW. Coriander’s fresh yield, in the second harvest, was unaffected by nitrogen addition. However, ammonium nitrate increased shoot total phenols and FRAP activity. Overall, the shoot phytochemical accumulation in the second harvest was lower than in the first. The combined application of ammonium nitrate and organic compost is a strategy to reduce inorganic nitrogen application.

Response of Hemp Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) Infestation to some Nitrogenous Compounds

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Abu-Irmaileh
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Orobanche Ramosa

Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to study the effect of various levels of nitrogen, applied as ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], on hemp broomrape (Orobanche ramosaL.) infestation on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL. ‘Jordan 1’) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentumMill. ‘Caludia Raf’). Infestation of tobacco and tomato by hemp broomrape was drastically reduced as higher levels of both fertilizers were applied. However, the dry weights of roots and shoots of both crop plants, as well as tomato yield, were reduced when NH4NO3was applied at 50 g/pot, and when (NH4)2SO4was applied at higher than 60 g/pot. In a separate pot experiment in the field, hemp broomrape infestation on tomato was drastically reduced, and tomato shoot dry weight, as well as tomato yield, were increased when (NH4)2SO4was applied at higher than 40 g/pot as 20-g increments repeated at 10-day intervals compared to those of the control.

INORGANIC NITROGEN LEVELS AND NITRIFICATION POTENTIAL IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY SOILS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARD J. EATON ◽  
DAVID G. PATRIQUIN
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry

Soil ammonium and nitrate in the top 15 cm of soil were monitored after application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate to plots at 14 PF (previously fertilized) and 12 NF (never fertilized) lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) stands representing a range of soil types and management histories. Overall, nitrate values in unfertilized and ammonium sulfate plots were higher at PF than at NF sites, suggesting greater nitrification at PF sites. In laboratory incubation studies, nitrification proceeded immediately in soil from a PF site, but only after a 4-wk lag in that from an adjacent NF site. Nitrification rates were low compared to that in a garden soil (pH 6.6). N-Serve inhibited nitrification in both soils. In ammonium nitrate plots, "excess" N values (N values in fertilized plots minus values in unfertilized plots) were higher for PF than for NF sites, suggesting greater immobilization, plant uptake or loss of N at NF sites. There was no evidence, in laboratory studies, of immobilization of added N by soil from either type of site. Rhizome N concentration increased significantly in response to fertilization at an NF site, but not at a PF site. Key words: Blueberry (lowbush), fertilizer and soil nitrogen

scholarly journals Compost Feedstock and Compost Acidification Affect Growth and Mineral Nutrition in Northern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan C. Costello ◽  
Dan M. Sullivan ◽  
David R. Bryla ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
James S. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Total N ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Highbush Blueberry

New markets for organic northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) have stimulated interest in using composts specifically tailored to the plant’s edaphic requirements. Because composts are typically neutral to alkaline in pH (pH 7 to 8), and blueberry requires acidic soil (pH 4.2 to 5.5), we investigated elemental sulfur (S0) addition as a methodology for reducing compost pH. The objectives were to 1) characterize initial compost chemistry, including the pH buffering capacity of compost (acidity required to reduce pH to 5.0), 2) measure changes in compost chemistry accompanying acidification, and 3) evaluate plant growth and mineral nutrition of blueberry in soil amended with an untreated or acidified compost. Ten composts prepared from diverse feedstocks were obtained from municipalities and farms. Addition of finely ground S0 reduced compost pH from 7.2 to 5.3, on average, after 70 d at 22 °C, and increased the solubility of nutrients, including K (from 22 to 36 mmol(+)/L), Ca (from 5 to 19 mmol(+)/L), Mg (from 5 to 20 mmol(+)/L), and Na (from 6 to 9 mmol(+)/L). Sulfate-S, a product of S0 oxidation, also increased from 5 to 45 mmol(−)/L. The composts were incorporated into soil at a high rate (30% v/v) in a greenhouse trial to evaluate their suitability for use in blueberry production. Shoot and root growth were strongly affected by compost chemical characteristics, including pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Potassium in compost was highly variable (2–32 g·kg−1). Concentration of K in the leaves increased positively in response to compost K, whereas shoot dry weight and root growth declined. Leaf Mg also declined in response to compost K, suggesting that elevated K concentrations in compost may cause Mg deficiency. Composts with the highest K were also high in total N, pH, and EC. Compost acidification to pH ≤ 6 improved growth and increased leaf Mg concentration. On the basis of these results, composts derived from animal manures or young plant tissues (e.g., green leaves) appear to be unsuitable for high-rate applications to blueberry because they usually require high amounts of S0 for acidification and are often high in EC and K, whereas those derived from woody materials, such as local yard debris, appear promising based on their C:N ratio, compost acidification requirement, and EC.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen Sources on the Growth and Biochemical Composition of Diatom (Amphora coffeaeformis) Used for Shrimp Larviculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chairat KHWANCHAROEN ◽  
Ninlawan CHOTIPAN ◽  
Thongchai NAWATMAI ◽  
Sataporn DIREKBUSSARAKOM
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate Treatment

Amphora coffeaeformis is a benthic diatom and serves as a rich nutritional feed for various aquaculture industries. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of the diatom (A. coffeaeformis) culture. Sodium nitrate in Guillard’s f medium, used as a control treatment, was compared with sodium nitrite and ammonium sulfate. The results in the 3rd batch of culture showed that all treatments led to the highest growth on Day 6. The highest cell dry weight occurred in the ammonium sulfate treatment with significance (0.78±0.06 mg/mL). The cultures in each treatment were harvested at the exponential phase (Day 3) for biochemical composition analysis. A. coffeaeformis in the ammonium sulfate treatment significantly accumulated the highest protein content, at 44.82 % by dry weight, while the highest lipid content at 29.78 % by dry weight was significantly found in the sodium nitrate treatment. The cell size and structure showed no significant differences among the treatments. The experiment demonstrated the effects of different nitrogen sources on the growth and biochemical composition of A. coffeaeformis. After that, we selected A. coffeaeformis that was cultured with the nitrate and ammonia nitrogen sources for feeding to shrimp larvae. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of A. coffeaeformis on the growth, survival rate, salinity stress test, and ammonia stress test for shrimp. The experiment was designed with four treatments, as follows: 1) the control feed with flake winner (no water exchange for 28 days), 2) Am-NO3 supplement with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrates (no water exchange for 28 days), 3) Am-NH3 supplement with A. coffeaeformis cultured using ammonia (no water exchange for 28 days), and 4) the positive control feed with flake winner (daily water exchange at 20 %). The results showed that the growth of shrimp fed with the diet supplemented with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrate and ammonia were not significantly different from the negative and positive controls (P > 0.05). However, the survival rate in the negative control was significantly lower than the other groups (P < 0.05). In this study, the stress test for white shrimp postlarvae utilized 2 methods: the ammonia or salinity stress tests. The survival rate of the shrimp after the ammonia stress test was not statistically and significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the results from the salinity stress test indicated that the highest survival rate was observed in the shrimp fed with the diet supplemented with A. coffeaeformis cultured using nitrate. A. coffeaeformis cultured with the sodium nitrate treatment had a positive effect on shrimp tolerance to salinity changes.

scholarly journals Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Canola Plants Supplied with Urea and Ammonium Nitrate in Response to Various Nickel Levels

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad BYBORDI ◽  
Mohammad Nabi GHEIBI
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nickel Content ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Source ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Solution Cultures ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Better Than

Both the beneficial and the adverse effects of various nickel level supplements on growth and chlorophyll content of canola plants were evaluated while either urea or ammonium nitrate was supplied as the sole N source in the nutrient solutions. This study was arranged in completely randomized with three replications. Treatments included nutrient solution cultures containing urea and ammonium nitrate at the rate of 84 mg N L-1 separately as nitrogen sources with four nickel levels as NiSO4.6H2O at the rates of 0, 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 mg Ni L-1. Plants were allowed to grow for 6 weeks then leaves chlorophyll content and shoots and roots fresh and dry weight were determined. Both plant growth and leaves chlorophyll content of the urea-fed plants increased significantly with the increase in nickel content up to 0.1 mg Ni L-1. However, root fresh and dry weight increased up to 0.01 mg Ni L-1 and started to decrease with further increase in solutions nickel content. Nickel did not affect these parameters with plants supplied with ammonium nitrate significantly. In these plants, the optimum nickel level for shoot growth and leaves chlorophyll content was 0.05 mg L-1 and for root fresh and dry weight was 0.01 mg Ni L-1. Further increase in Ni concentration reduced growth. As a whole, plants received urea plus nickel performed better than those received ammonium nitrate plus nickel.

Interactions between nitrogen sources and xylose affecting growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity in Bipolaris maydis race T

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2102-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Evans ◽  
Candace L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis

The effect of 23 organic and 3 inorganic nitrogen sources on growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity was measured in Bipolaris maydis race T incubated with or without a xylose supplement. Mycelial dry weight tends to be highest on acidic and other polar amino acids and least on nonpolar ones; organic nitrogen sources generally result in greater dry weight than inorganic ones. Changes in nitrogen concentration and pH of media influence growth and sporulation, but only pH alters the relative effectiveness of the nitrogen sources on these processes. The addition of xylose to the growth media has little effect on growth. However, in the presence of lysine, serine, asparagine, glycine, γ-alanine, alanine, and α-aminobutyrate, xylose causes an increase in sporulation and a concomitant decrease in polyphenoloxidase activity. There is no consistent pattern resulting from xylose addition in the presence of the other nitrogen sources.

scholarly journals Effects of Cyclic Micro-irrigation and Substrate in Pot-in-pot Production

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Ken M. Tilt ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Harry G. Ponder ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Total N ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Application Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Micro Irrigation ◽  
Large Container

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate production techniques for increasing irrigation application efficiency [(water volume applied − water volume leached) / water volume applied] for large container trees. Three irrigation treatments (single, three cycle and six cycle) and three substrate treatments [pinebark, pinebark:coir (4:1 by vol), and pinebark:peat (4:1 by vol)] were evaluated for effects on irrigation application efficiency and growth of Acer rubrum ‘Franksred’ in a pot-in-pot production system in Auburn, AL. Substrate pH, electrical conductivity and leachate total inorganic nitrogen (N) content were measured. Cyclic irrigation reduced total N lost by a minimum of 89% when compared to a single irrigation application. Irrigation application efficiency increased with cyclic irrigation compared to a single irrigation application and for the pinebark: coir substrate compared to the pinebark. Growth was greater when irrigation was applied in six cycles than in a single irrigation application. Trees grown in pinebark: peat substrate had greater shoot dry weight than those grown in the pinebark substrate.

scholarly journals Management of Meloidogyne javanica in Okra Using Compost of Pequi Fruit Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Fabiola de Jesus Silva ◽  
Regina Cássia Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
Adelica Aparecida Xavier ◽  
José Augusto Santos Neto ◽  
Claudia Maria da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fruit Waste ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
Organic Compost

Pequi waste added to soil can lead to promising results in the management of plant nematodes. This study evaluated the effect of organic compost of pequi fruit waste in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in okra plants. The compost was comprised of cattle manure, sugarcane straw, and pequi rind waste in the ratio 1:1:1. Treatments were five doses of organic compost (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 g dm-3) and two additional controls: manure (20 g dm-3) and mineral fertilizer (100 mg dm-3 of N), arranged in randomized block design with 10 repetitions. Different treatments were incorporated into pots containing 3 dm-3 of sandy soil infested with 5,000 eggs of M. javanica. Seedlings were transplanted five days later, and evaluated after 60 days of transplanting. Organic compost with pequi waste incorporated to soil increased shoot dry weight and root weight, and reduced the number of egg masses, galls and eggs of M. javanica per gram of root, and reproduction factor. Doses of 20 and 30 g dm-3 increased plant development and reduced the reproductivity of M. javanica compared to mineral fertilizer.

scholarly journals Efecto de la salinidad y nitrógeno inorgánico del suelo en los compuestos fenólicos y capacidad antioxidante de Lycium berlandieri

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Rubén Farías Tapia ◽  
Martha Patricia Olivas Sánchez ◽  
Juan Pedro Flores Margez ◽  
Nina Del Rocío Martínez Ruiz ◽  
Emilio Álvarez Parrilla
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Total Carbohydrates

Polyphenolic compounds are antioxidants compounds mainly present in plants and its concentrations may differ between the same species located at different growing points, since plants produce these compounds for protection against oxidative stress as a result of environmental factors that could affect them. The aims of present research, were: to determine the proximate composition; the polyphenolic compounds concentration and antioxidant activity in fruits of Lycium berlandieri, collected in the three locations of the municipality of Juárez, Chihuahua (Riveras del Bravo, San Isidro and San Agustín), to evaluate the effect of the inorganic nitrogen, alkalinity and salinity of the soil on the content of total phenolic and flavonoids compounds. The humidity content in the fruits of L. berlandieri ranged between 78.2 to 93.3%; the proximal composition of the fruit in dry weight indicated an ash content from 3.6 to 5.3%, fats from 0.9 to 6.7% protein from 9.0 to 15.4% and 75.2 to 85.7% total carbohydrates. In terms of polyphenolic compounds (in dry weight), fruits from San Agustín showed the highest concentration of these compounds, particularly in total phenols 12 mg EAG (P = 0.002) and 9.02 mg EC in flavonoids (P = 0.001). Results of soil analysis indicated that the soil of San Agustín showed the highest concentration of nitrates (88.51 mg kg-1) and a more saline soil (6.04 dS m-1). Overall, the results obtained allowed to attribute that the differences in concentration of polyphenolic compounds in the fruits of L. berlandieri, are related to the salinity of the soil and availability of nitrates, therefore the soil of San Agustín in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua it is optimal for the cultivation of L. berlandieri.

Effect of nitrogenous fertilisers on soil inorganic nitrogen levels and uptake by wheat on very acid soils

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
MG Mason
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Plant Sampling

Urea, ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate were compared as sources of nitrogen (N) for wheat grown on very acid soils at 2 sites in 1980, in the absence of lime or where lime at 2 t/ha was incorporated into the top 10 cm of soil. The plots were soil sampled each week for the first 5 weeks after sowing, and further samples were collected at 9 weeks. Wheat tops were sampled 4 times during the first 6 weeks after sowing. Soils and plants were analysed for ammonium-N and nitrate-N. Application of each fertiliser initially caused increased soil levels of ammonium-N which fell with time at both sites. Increases in nitrate-N were small and were usually not significant. At 1 site (Bunketch), and with ammonium sulfate as the N source when no lime was added, there was a slower rate of decline in ammonium-N than in the presence of lime. Fertiliser type did not result in any significant differences in ammonium and N concentrations in the soil, apart from the higher levels of nitrate-N in the ammonium nitrate treatments. At both sites and particularly at Perenjori both in the absence and presence of lime, nitrate-N concentrations in plants were higher for the treatments with N fertiliser than for the unfertilised controls. This suggests that the N applied as fertiliser ammonium is nitrified before it is taken up by the plants. At the first plant sampling at Perenjori and at the first 2 samplings at Bunketch, ammonium-N levels in the fertilised plants were higher than in the unfertilised plants, suggesting that ammonium-N was readily taken up by the plants. Plant nitrate levels were lower at Bunketch in the absence of lime, than where lime was added. Grain yields were significantly increased at both sites by N fertiliser application. The 3 fertilisers were equally effective and there was no significant response to lime. Both nitrate and ammonium-N appeared to be readily utilised by the plant.

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