Development of Artificial Intelligence Climate Chamber and Experimental Study on Crop Phenotype Acquisition

Background: The deficiencies of traditional artificial climate chambers in phenotypic collection and analysis were improved to achieve the high-throughput acquisition of crop phenotypes during the growth period. This paper has developed an artificial intelligence climate cabin with functions of crop cultivation management and phenotype acquisition during the whole growth period. This research also established an environmental control system, a crop phenotype monitoring system and a crop phenotype acquisition system with environmental parameter adjustment and crop image collection. Phenotypic feature extraction and other functions were carried out in the cultivation experiment, and phenotype acquisition of wheat was performed under different nitrogen fertiliser application rates. Comparison and analyses were performed by the systematic and manual measurement values of crop phenotype characteristics, and the acquisition of wheat table was evaluated based on artificial intelligence climate cabin. The goodness of fit of the model was used to classify data.Results: During the different growth periods of wheat, the correlation analysis between the systematic and manual measurement values of its leaf area, plant height and canopy temperature showed that the obtained correlation coefficient r was greater than 1, and the fitting determination coefficient R2 was greater than 0.7156, with errors. The coefficient root mean square error was less than 2.42, indicating that the two were positively correlated, and their correlation was excellent. Conclusion: The results verified the feasibility and applicability of the artificial intelligence climate cabin to study the phenotypic characteristics of crops.

Effects of soil texture and nitrogen fertilisation on soil bacterial community structure and nitrogen uptake in flue-cured tobacco

We tested the hypothesis that soil texture and nitrogen (N) fertilisation are the primary factors regulating the N cycle and soil bacterial community structure. The response of soil bacterial communities to N fertilisation in different textured soils might help in identifying the specific underlying mechanism and hence management of N fertiliser application in fields. We examined how N fertiliser accumulates in flue-cured tobacco and influences soil bacterial community structure in different textured soils. We conducted plot and micro-plot experimental measurements of N content in soil and tobacco samples using the KNO315N isotope technique. Soil bacterial community structure was determined using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA. Nitrogen absorption and utilisation by tobacco plants were highest in sandy loam soils, followed by loam soil and clay loam. The ability of clay loam to supply N was weak during the plant growth period. Absence of fertilisation could reduce bacterial abundance in soils to various degrees. Bacterial diversity was higher in sandy loam soil than in loam soil and clay loam. Soil texture and N fertilisation significantly affected soil bacterial community structure and diversity. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla, while Bacillus, Nitrobacter, Nitrosospira, Nitrospira, and Rhizobium were the primary N transformation bacteria at the genus level in all treatments. However, relative abundances differed with N fertiliser application, which could lead to differential N availability and N use efficiency of tobacco among soil types. We conclude that both soil texture and N fertilisation influence N accumulation and distribution in flue-cured tobacco and thus regulate soil bacterial communities. N fertiliser application in sandy loam soil should be strictly controlled for its higher N use efficiency, soil bacterial abundance, and diversity.

Bacteria are more sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer application in tea plantation soil while fungi are more correlated to tea yield and quality

Aims Soil in tea plantations is characterised by severe acidification and high aluminium and fluorine content. Applying excessive nitrogen (N) is a common strategy in tea plantations. Fungal and bacterial responses to N fertiliser addition in tea plantations, especially their relationship with tea growth, quality, and soil microbiome composition, remain unclear. Methods We performed a field experiment using different N fertiliser application rates for 5 years (2016‒2020) in a tea-producing region of China. Results Application of excessive N (600 kg ha− 1 y− 1) reduced tea yield and quality. High N application rates (360 and 600 kg ha− 1 y− 1) significantly decreased bacterial and fungal diversity and altered the compositions of bacterial and fungal communities (P < 0.05). Fungi were more tolerant than bacteria to soil environmental changes induced by N fertiliser application. Succession of bacterial and fungal communities was mostly driven by pH. Partial least square path modelling suggested that N addition directly influenced the diversity and communities of bacteria and fungi, and indirectly influenced bacterial community and fungal diversity by mediating soil nutrients and pH. The assembly of fungal communities was more regulated by dispersal limitation and deterministic processes than that of bacterial communities. High microbial diversity was not a requirement for tea growth. Conclusions Fungi had a greater impact on tea yield and quality than bacteria; therefore, more attention should be given to fungi, which play a stable role in nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition in tea plantation, eventually favouring tea growth.

Management for Paddy, Oil Palm, and Pineapple Plantations in Malaysia: Current Status and Reviews

Heavy rainfall causes a loss of fertiliser to the environment, and it leads to environmental issues such as eutrophication. Replenishment of fertiliser to replace the loss imposes a financial impact since frequent applications are costly and labour intensive. Therefore, investigations on proper fertiliser application in maintaining good soil pH, improving plant growth, and increasing crop yield from various plantations across Malaysia are of paramount importance. Meanwhile, limited agricultural-related studies about crop management in Malaysia have been done. This study presents a state-of-the-art review of Malaysia’s paddy, oil palm, pineapple plantations, and the existing nutrient management and fertilisation practices throughout the crop cycle. A systematic study of the existing crop management in terms of farming practices, nutrient management, and fertiliser application on the plantations of paddy, oil palm, and pineapple in Malaysia was carried out. Industry overviews for these three crop types based on past situations and future directions are also included. Recommendations on how to better manage these plantations are also outlined to promote a better understanding of the past, current, and future direction of the agricultural activities and management for principal edible crops like paddy, oil palm, and pineapple in Malaysia.

The impact of multi-year straw and green fertiliser application on grain yields in a grain steam crop rotation

The research proves the advantage of the direction of biological farming using agrocenosis bioresources (straw and green manure) as fertiliser. These studies were carried out in a field stationary experiment of the agrochemical service. Regular application of fertilisers showed a stable tendency to increase grain crop yields. At applying straw with nitrogen for 20 years, the yield increase is reliable 5.0 c/ha (26.8%). The application of green manure fallow on the background of regular application of straw provided an increase in grain yield by 3.6 c/ha (20.6%), which is also significantly higher than the application of straw alone without nitrogen, which provided a steady trend of the average annual increase in yield by 1.1 c/ha (6.3%). Over four rotations (2000-2019) of grain and fallow crop rotation in the conditions of the Tomsk region, there is increasing efficiency of green manure fallow and regular use of straw as a fertiliser. This efficiency leads to the preservation of soil fertility and increased grain crop yields compared with pure fallow. In the first rotation, the grain yield in these variants was at the same level. In the second rotation, the outcome after green manure fallow was higher by 11.7% than after pure fallow. In the third rotation, the yield was 18% higher. In the fourth rotation, the green manure fallow was better than pure fallow in grain yield by 40%. The results were statistically processed by analysis of variance using SNEDEKOR software.

Blood meal organic fertiliser application on onion yield

In this study, effects of bloodmeal on onion (Allium cepa L. CV. BARI peaj-1) cultivation to increase yield and related attributes have been tested. The effect of blood meal as fertilizers has been compared with growth hormone treatment and other conventional fertilizer. In the field, the different amount of growth elements treated were at the rate of 2550, 241.90 and 0.17 kg/ha for blood meal, urea and gibberellic acid (GA3), respectively. The yield performance was 172.84, 189.59 and 153.34 MT/ha for GA3, urea and blood meal, respectively. Using GA3 is expensive, and use of urea, a chemical fertilizer, can have adverse effect on soil. Blood meal, a biological ingredient, appears to be a bio-rationale amendment for production and sustained yield of onion. The results will need to ground truth tested in the field. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.56(2), 87-94, 2021