scholarly journals Microbial Fuel Cell for Energy Production, Nutrient Removal and Recovery from Wastewater: A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1318
Author(s):  
N. Evelin Paucar ◽  
Chikashi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
World Population ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Toxic Pollutant

The world is facing serious threats from the depletion of non-renewable energy resources, freshwater shortages and food scarcity. As the world population grows, the demand for fresh water, energy, and food will increase, and the need for treating and recycling wastewater will rise. In the past decade, wastewater has been recognized as a resource as it primarily consists of water, energy-latent organics and nutrients. Microbial fuel cells (MFC) have attracted considerable attention due to their versatility in their applications in wastewater treatment, power generation, toxic pollutant removal, environmental monitoring sensors, and more. This article provides a review of MFC technologies applied to the removal and/or recovery of nutrients (such as P and N), organics (COD), and bioenergy (as electricity) from various wastewaters. This review aims to provide the current perspective on MFCs, focusing on the recent advancements in the areas of nutrient removal and/or recovery with simultaneous power generation.

An Overview of Osmotic Power: A Viable Power Generation Technology for Present and Future

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 680-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahinur Islam ◽  
Tausif Ali ◽  
Ahsan Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Syed Ashraful Karim ◽  
Hossain Mursalin
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Power Generation Technology ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Base Load ◽  
Generation Technology

World climate change challenges and the world’s consistent growing demand for energy during the past decade have brought the need to explore for more renewable energy resources. The continuation of exploring green energy sources results Osmotic Power- a new emission-free source of sustainable energy that can be used to generate electricity. Osmotic power plant is only feasible in places where rivers flow out to the ocean. The leading virtue of osmotic power is that it would be capable to produce a steady and reliable supply of renewable base load power as an alternative of other variable sources like solar or wind. There are some hurdles to generate osmotic power. Developing suitable membrane and initial construction cost are top on of them. Though Osmotic power is years from commercial feasibility but researchers think that it could provide thousands of terawatts of base load power per year around the globe. This paper presents an overview of osmotic power generation system with the analysis of potential benefits and limitations of it.

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

Impacts of population growth in relation to changes in aquaculture and fisheries prices

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
A.A. Garba
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
World Population ◽  
Intensive Culture ◽  
Fish Food ◽  
Civil Strife ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Pressure ◽  
Negative Impacts

The paper reviewed the impacts of population growth and the ways it affects aquaculture and fisheries prices. As the world population  continues to grow arithmetically, great pressure is placed on arable lands, water, energy, and biological resources to provide an adequate supply of food while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. In 2010, FAO projected the world population to double from 6.2 billion in October, 1999 to 12.5 billion in the year 2050. This had created serious negative impacts on the aquaculture and fisheries prices. At present fertile crop lands had been lost at an alarming rates while some abandoned during the past 50 years because erosions made it unproductive. Other vices such as food crisis, political unrest and war (Mexico, Uzbekistan, Turkistan, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Morocco and Sudan), civil strife and multiple years of draught (Niger, Mauritania and Senegal), impacts of HIV/AIDS Ebola, Lassa fever and Coronavirus the world over, clashes between cattle rearers and farmers and boko haram issues (Nigeria) as well as kidnapping and  corruptions have severely affected aquaculture and fisheries production and accompanied prices. Thus, this review was conducted to raise a cry for farmers and citizens to engage and participate in intensive culture and fisheries practices in order to fill the demand - supply gap so as to make fish food products available for the teeming masses.

Increased Use of Helicopters in Commercial Agriculture

1966 ◽  
Vol 70 (672) ◽  
pp. 1073-1075
Author(s):  
R. A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
World Population ◽  
List Type ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Commercial Agriculture ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Population Explosion ◽  
The People ◽  
The World

The past few years have evidenced a remarkable increase in the use of helicopters in agriculture. There are any number of individual reasons for this: helicopters are more plentiful, for example, but the primary reason is one of simple economics combined with a capability to meet new demands. The demands have been generated by the overwhelming population explosion. Sometimes hard to imagine and even more difficult to cope with, but the facts remain that:1.25 % of all the people that ever existed on earth are living on it today,2.The world population increases at a rate of 5400 people every hour; and3.This staggering number of people will double again within the next 40 years.

IMPACT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON THE STATUS OF RURAL WOMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Total Population ◽  
World Population ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Mother is a radiant nurse, an angel of mercy, a patient teacher, a watchful guardian and compassionate attorney and a fountainhead of courage. Post independence sociologists paid attention towards the women who are traditionally backward, exploited and taken as second-rate citizens. This is obstruction and hindrance in the progress and prosperity of family, community and country. The complete social structure is affected. For the rural development and reconstruction, it is necessary to understand the changing social status and role of rural women who are 48.3% of the Total population of the country. For the study of past enables us to grasp the fundamental psychology behind the present problems and attitudes that uphold or reject them due to which it has come to be what it is. We may thus be enabling to make out the cause and circumstances embedded in the past, which led to the existence and conditions and causes are sure to prove themselves of great help to us in the making up and planning of a figure. Women constitute about fifty per cent of the world population. It is estimated that by A.D. 2000, the total number of women in the world will be more than 3 billion and they will outnumber men by nearly 175 million. At the United Nations Conference in Nairobi in 1985, it was noted that they comprise 35 per cent of the world’s labor force in the sphere of employment and occupied lower positions. Further it is observed that over 60 per cent of world’s illiterates are women, mostly in the developing countries. More than 60% respondents have accepted all the factors mentioned as variables are responsible for the uplift of the status of rural women. But; it is note-worthy that more than three-fourth of the respondents have emphasized especially on urbanization, women welfare organizations and rural development programs; as the tools of uplift for the status of rural women.

Needs for Food: Are We Asking Too Much?

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Waterlow
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Agricultural Efficiency ◽  
Geometrical Progression ◽  
The World ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
Agriculture And Food

The Royal Society has in recent years taken a great interest in the growth of the world’s population and has been represented at the two big international congresses on this subject, in Delhi and in Cairo (Graham-Smith, 1994). According to U.N. projections, in 20 year’s time the world population will be between 7.5 and 8.5 billion (Demeny, 1996). There does not seem to be much controversy about these figures. On the other hand, when it comes to the question of whether it will be possible to feed these 8 billion people, opinions diverge widely between optimists and pessimists. McCalla (1995), the director of the Agriculture and Natural Resources Department of the World Bank, in a very illuminating discussion of the controversy, has said, “The economists are always wrong,” presumably because they have to deduce future trends from those of the past. It seemed to us that the best way to make a useful contribution is to look at the subject and assess the possibilities from an objective scientific point of view. The Royal Society has done this twice in the past, with two discussion meetings: one on Agricultural Efficiency (Cooke et al., 1977) and the other on Technology in the 1990s: Agriculture and Food (Blaxter and Fowden, 1985). Now, 10 years on, it is time to have another go, widening the scope of the recent discussion meeting “Land Resources: On the Edge of the Malthusion Precipice?” The late Kenneth Blaxter, in a scries of lectures called “People, Food and Resources,” published in 1986, recalled a quotation from Friedrich Engels, writing in 1844 about the Malthusian dilemma: “Science advances in proportion to the knowledge bequeathed to it by the previous generation and thus under the most ordinary conditions grows in geometrical progression — and what is impossible for science?” (my italics).

Robert Castel's Les métamorphoses de la question sociale (1995)

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Social Benefits ◽  
World Population ◽  
Employment Relations ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Advanced Capitalist

In the scholarly debate about the increasingly flexible, informal, and precarious nature of employment relations, it is often suggested that these trends are new. This is especially true for the advanced capitalist countries. “Previously,” employees had permanent jobs, with good social benefits and a vast array of rights, whereas “nowadays” they are losing these forms of security and are more vulnerable to market whims. These observations do not take into account that standard employment relationships in fact came about relatively recently. In the past, insecurity and absence of rights were at least as prevalent as they are today. Standard employment appears to have been generalized rather briefly in a small part of the world. The crucial question is not why the old lack of security is returning, but why it was possible to reduce such insecurity for a small share of the world population for a few decades. While the answer to this crucial question remains unclear; studies reconstructing the course of events over several centuries will clearly be necessary to solve this problem.

scholarly journals Land of the Free: Prison Reform Following the War on Drugs

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Megan Tingley
Keyword(s):  
Prison Population ◽  
War On Drugs ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
World Population ◽  
Federal Prison ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Mandatory Minimum Sentencing ◽  
The U.S

ince its beginnings in 1971, the war on drugs has been largely unsuccessful in reducing drug use. Instead, it has had many unintended consequences, one of which is a huge increase in the federal prison population over the past 40 years. Despite making up only five percent of the world population, the U.S. is home to 25 percent of its prisoners. Since the 1970s, the prison population in the U.S. has skyrocketed due to the implementation of War on Drugs policies. The main reason for the failure of the War on Drugs can be attributed in part to mandatory minimum sentencing laws. Implemented as a part of the Anti- Drug Abuse Act of 1986, these one-size-fits-all policies require a certain punishment based on the amount and type of drug in possession without allowing for flexibility based on context. 

scholarly journals IMPACT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ON THE STATUS OF RURAL WOMEN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Total Population ◽  
World Population ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Mother is a radiant nurse, an angel of mercy, a patient teacher, a watchful guardian and compassionate attorney and a fountainhead of courage. Post independence sociologists paid attention towards the women who are traditionally backward, exploited and taken as second-rate citizens. This is obstruction and hindrance in the progress and prosperity of family, community and country. The complete social structure is affected. For the rural development and reconstruction, it is necessary to understand the changing social status and role of rural women who are 48.3% of the Total population of the country. For the study of past enables us to grasp the fundamental psychology behind the present problems and attitudes that uphold or reject them due to which it has come to be what it is. We may thus be enabling to make out the cause and circumstances embedded in the past, which led to the existence and conditions and causes are sure to prove themselves of great help to us in the making up and planning of a figure. Women constitute about fifty per cent of the world population. It is estimated that by A.D. 2000, the total number of women in the world will be more than 3 billion and they will outnumber men by nearly 175 million. At the United Nations Conference in Nairobi in 1985, it was noted that they comprise 35 per cent of the world’s labor force in the sphere of employment and occupied lower positions. Further it is observed that over 60 per cent of world’s illiterates are women, mostly in the developing countries. More than 60% respondents have accepted all the factors mentioned as variables are responsible for the uplift of the status of rural women. But; it is note-worthy that more than three-fourth of the respondents have emphasized especially on urbanization, women welfare organizations and rural development programs; as the tools of uplift for the status of rural women.

Managing Urbanisation Through Planned Government Expenditure Evidence From Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 1593-1615
Author(s):  
Adam Konto Kyari
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
System Development ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Populous Country

Over the past 50 years the world has witnessed a very rapid urban growth and projections have shown that by the year 2050 two-third of the world population will be living in urban centres, with Africa's urban population projected to reach 67% from its current 40%. Nigeria, being the most populous country in Africa, is projected to have an urban population of 67%. There are number of challenges that go with urbanisation. This chapter examined the effectiveness of Nigeria's budgetary expenditure in managing Nigeria's urbanisation threats. The chapter found that Nigeria's urbanisation management strategy is more of system maintenance based than system development, and therefore, in spite of the huge expenditure government incurred over the years, the urban challenges Nigeria is facing are still alarming. Accordingly, the chapter concludes by recommending that Nigeria plan its urban expenditure in to ensure that it is sustainable.

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