scholarly journals The Effects of Deoxynivalenol on the Ultrastructure of the Sacculus Rotundus and Vermiform Appendix, as Well as the Intestinal Microbiota of Weaned Rabbits

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyang Wang ◽  
Libo Huang ◽  
Pengwei Wang ◽  
Quancheng Liu ◽  
Jinquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Sacculus Rotundus ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin found in grains that poses a potential threat to human and animal health, and the gastrointestinal tract is the primary target organ. There are few studies focused on the toxicology of DON to rabbits, especially on the relation among DON, microbiota, and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. A total of 30 weaned rabbits (35 d) were evenly divided into the control group and DON group (1.5 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)) based on their body weight. After a 24-day trial, the ultrastructures of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix were observed using a scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy. The morphology and microflora in the ileum, caecum, and colon were also examined. The results proved that the ultrastructure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as the integrity of the intestinal barrier (especially for the ileum), were impaired after DON was administrated to the rabbits. Compared to the control group, the relative abundance and diversity of the microflora decreased in all three intestinal segments in the DON group, particularly in the ileum and caecum. In conclusion, the toxic effect of DON on weaned rabbits may be performed by destroying the structure of the sacculus rotundus and vermiform appendix, as well as affecting the structure and diversity of the intestinal flora.

scholarly journals FumDSB Can Reduce the Toxic Effects of Fumonisin B1 by Regulating Several Brain-Gut Peptides in Both the Hypothalamus and Jejunum of Growing Pigs

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Quancheng Liu ◽  
Fuchang Li ◽  
Libo Huang ◽  
Wenjie Chen ◽  
Zhongyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Fumonisin B1 ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Peptides ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Animal Trials ◽  
Food Borne

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is the most common food-borne mycotoxin produced by the Fusarium species, posing a potential threat to human and animal health. Pigs are more sensitive to FB1 ingested from feed compared to other farmed livestock. Enzymatic degradation is an ideal detoxification method that has attracted much attention. This study aimed to explore the functional characteristics of the carboxylesterase FumDSB in growing pigs from the perspective of brain–gut regulation. A total of 24 growing pigs were divided into three groups. The control group was fed a basal diet, the FB1 group was supplemented with FB1 at 5 mg/kg feed, and the FumDSB group received added FumDSB based on the diet of the FB1 group. After 35 days of animal trials, samples from the hypothalamus and jejunum were analyzed through HE staining, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that the ingestion of FB1 can reduce the feed intake and weight gain of growing pigs, indicating that several appetite-related brain-gut peptides (including NPY, PYY, ghrelin and obestatin, etc.) play important roles in the anorexia response induced by FB1. After adding FumDSB as detoxifying enzymes, however, the anorexia effects of FB1 were alleviated, and the expression and distribution of the corresponding brain-gut peptides exhibited a certain degree of regulation. In conclusion, the addition of FumDSB can reduce the anorexia effects of FB1 by regulating several brain-gut peptides in both the hypothalamus and the jejunum of growing pigs.

scholarly journals Formulation of traditional Chinese medicine and its application on intestinal flora of constipated rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghan Huang ◽  
Sihan Li ◽  
Youcheng He ◽  
Haiou Zhang ◽  
Ruoying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

Abstract In this study, the self-extracted constipation treatment of traditional Chinese medicine extracts was applied to constipated rats. To explore the mechanism and role of the Chinese medicine for the treatment of constipation, the 16S rRNA sequencing and qRT-PCR technology were used to analyze the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora in rats. We found that the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the intestinal flora of rats with constipation was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the Bacteroides was significantly lower than that in the control group, while the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly changed after taking a certain dose of Chinese medicine, and reduced the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae, and greatly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, enhanced the symbiotic relationships of Lactobacillus with other intestinal flora. There was no significant difference in the total copies of intestinal bacteria between the constipated rats and the control group. The total copies of intestinal bacteria in the constipated rats decreased after taking the traditional Chinese medicine. Finally, this study results provides a theoretical basis for the treatment and understand the mechanism and effect of traditional Chinese medicine on rate constipation.

Effect of Bismuth Subnitrate Teat Canal Sealant with Ampicillin-Cloxacillin Combination in Control of Bovine Mastitis in Selected Farms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bismuth Subnitrate ◽  
Teat Canal

This study presents the results of effect of a combination of bismuth subnitrate teat canal sealant (Boviseal® -Bimeda® Animal Health, Ireland) and the antibiotic Ampicillin & Cloxacillin (Bovaclox® DC-Norbrook Laboratories Ltd-UK) when used during the dry period on occurrence of mastitis 100 days post-calving. The objectives of this study were: to determine the effect of Boviseal® teat canal sealant in combination with Bovaclox® DC in control of dairy cow mastitis 100 days after calving; to determine bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in the selected farms and to determine risk factors for occurrence of dairy mastitis in the selected farms. This controlled field trial was carried out in two Kenyan dairy farms: Chemusian Farm in Nakuru County and Gicheha Farm in Kiambu County. 156 dairy cows were used in the study. Healthy cows with no history of mastitis in their current lactation were recruited. They were randomly placed into either of the two study groups: the control and the test group. The Control group received Bovaclox® DC while the Test group received the Bovaclox® DC followed by Boviseal®. The cows were followed during the entire dry period and 100 days post-calving monitoring for mastitis occurrence. Cows in the control group were more susceptible to mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to cows in the treatment group (P<0.001, RR=4.4, OR=17.7). Of the bacterial pathogens, coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the most common pathogens isolated from mastitic milk at 34.6 % followed by Micrococcus spp. (9.0%). Other bacteria isolated were Streptococcus agalactiae (3.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.9%); Escherichia coli (0.6%) and various bacterial mixtures. Results of logistic regressions at P≤0.05 showed that farm, position of the quarter, type of barn floor and type of treatment were significantly associated with occurrence of mastitis. Cows in Gicheha farm whose barn floor was earthen, those cows in the control group and hindquarters were risk factors for mastitis (RR=1.5, 4.4 and 1.18 respectively). The results of this study showed that Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® teat canal sealant combination applied during the dry period is more effective in controlling bovine mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to the use of Bovaclox® DC alone. The study thus recommends the use of Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® dry cow combination for control of bovine mastitis.

Effect of Dapagliflozin on Intestinal Flora in MafA-deficient Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (27) ◽  
pp. 3223-3231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Li ◽  
Shiyao Xu ◽  
Tingting Guo ◽  
Shouliang Gong ◽  
Chuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deficient Mice

Objective: To investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on intestinal microflora in MafA-deficient mice using an animal model of diabetes. Methods: Male MafA-deficient mice were administered dapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg/d) intragastrically for 6 weeks. Mouse body weights and fasting blood glucose levels were measured, and intestinal short-chain fatty acids were measured by gas chromatography. A series of methods was used to analyse the number of primary harmful bacteria in the faeces, and high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the changes in intestinal flora. Results: The weight of the mice decreased after dapagliflozin gavage, and fasting blood glucose was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Acetic acid and butyric acid contents in the intestinal tracts of the mice increased, and the growth of harmful microorganisms, such as Clostridium perfringens, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and intestinal enterococci, was inhibited. Blautia is a species found in the experimental group and was significantly different from the control and blank groups as determined by the LDA score from highthroughput sequencing. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin can reduce fasting blood glucose, decrease body weight, increase short-chain fatty acid content, regulate the intestinal microecological balance of the body and promote blood glucose and energy homeostasis.

scholarly journals Microecological preparation combined with an modified low-carbon diet improves glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
Liehui Xiao ◽  
Hezhongrong Nie ◽  
Yong Pan ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet on the glucolipid metabolism and cardiovascular complication in obese patients. Methods From August 2017 to July 2020, 66 obese patients were recruited, and administrated with an modified low-carbon diet with (group A) or without (Group B) microecology preparation and a balanced diet in control group (group C) for 6 months. Meanwhile, 20 volunteers administrated with a balanced diet were recruited as the healthy control group (group D). Results After 6-month intervention, obese subjects in group A and B showed significant improvement of body and liver fat mass, reduction of serum lipid levels, intestinal barrier function markers, insulin resistance index (IRI), high blood pressure (HBP) and carotid intima thickness, as compared with subjects in group C. More importantly, subjects in group A had better improvement of vascular endothelial elasticity and intimal thickness than subjects in group B. However, these intervention had no effect on carotid atherosclerotic plaque. Conclusion Administration of microecological preparation combined with modified low-carbon diet had better improvement of intestinal barrier function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular complications than low-carbon diet in obese patients, but the effect of a simple low-carb diet on carotid atherosclerotic plaque need to be further addressed.

scholarly journals The change of gut microbiota in MDD patients under SSRIs treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Shen ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Gaofei Li ◽  
Jiayu Gao ◽  
Ying Liang
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Metabolic Functions

AbstractThe alterations in the gut microbiota have been reported to be correlated with the development of depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of intestinal microbiota in depressed patients after antidepressant treatment. We recruited 30 MDD patients (MDD group) and 30 healthy controls (control group). The MDD group received individualized treatment with escitalopram at a maximum dose of 20 mg/day. After depressive symptoms improved to a HAMD scale score > 50%, a fecal sample was collected again and used as the follow-up group. The differences of gut microbiota between patients and controls, the characteristics of gut microbiota under treatment and the potential differences in metabolic functions were thus investigated. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly different within three groups, and the ratio of follow-up group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in MDD group than those of the other groups, and the alpha diversity was not significantly different between control and follow-up groups. The beta diversity of some patients resembled participants in the control group. The metabolic function of gut microbiota after treatment was still different from that of the control group. This study suggests that the intestinal flora of depressed patients has a tendency to return to normal under escitalopram treatment.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a New Recrystallized Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride-Dihydrate against Leptospirosis in a Hamster Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Carrascosa ◽  
Lilia Gutierrez ◽  
Alejandro De la Peña ◽  
Irma E. Candanosa ◽  
Graciela Tapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Infection Group ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Control Group Group

ABSTRACT A trial on Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola was established to compare treatment efficacies of daily intramuscular (i.m.) injections of either 10 mg/kg of 5% enrofloxacin (Baytril [BE]; Bayer Animal Health, Mexico) or the same dose of enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate (enro-C). Hamsters were experimentally infected via the oral submucosa with 400 microorganisms/animal, in a sequential time schedule aligned to the initial treatment day, and were treated in groups as follows: a group treated with 5% enrofloxacin daily for 7 days after 24 h of infection (group BE24); a group treated as described for group BE24 but with enro-C (enro-C24); a group also treated with 5% enrofloxacin but starting at 72 h after infection (BE74); a group treated as described for group BE74 but with injection of enro-C (enro-C74). An untreated-uninfected control group (group CG−) and an infected-untreated control group (group CG+) were assembled (n = 18 in all groups). Weights and temperatures of the hamsters were monitored daily for 28 days. After hamsters were euthanatized or following death, necropsy, histopathology, macroscopic agglutination tests (MAT), bacterial culture, and PCR were performed. The mortality rates were 38.8% in group BE24 and 100% in group BE74. No mortality was observed in group enro-C24, and 11.1% mortality was recorded in group enro-C74. The mortality rates in groups CG+ and CG− were 100% and zero, respectively. Combined necropsy and histopathologic findings revealed signs of septicemia and organ damage in groups BE24, BE72, and CG+. Groups enro-C24 and CG− showed no lesions. Moderated lesions were registered in 3 hamsters in group enro-C72. MAT results were positive in 83.3% of BE24 hamsters (83.3%) and 100% of BE72 and CG+ hamsters; MAT results were positive in 16.7% in group Enro-C24 and 38.9% in group enro-C72. Only 4/18 were PCR positive in group enro-C72 and only 1 in group enro-C24 (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that enro-C may be a viable option to treat leptospirosis in hamsters and that this may be the case in other species.

scholarly journals Noise-induced gastric lesions: a light and electron microscopy study of the rat gastric wall exposed to low frequency noise

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fonseca ◽  
José Martins-dos-Santos ◽  
Pedro Oliveira ◽  
Nuno Laranjeira ◽  
Artur Aguas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Low Frequency Noise ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Significant Difference

CONTEXT: Only a few studies evaluated the digestive alterations caused by low frequency noise (LFN) and most focused only on mucosal alterations. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the morphological injury of LFN-exposed gastric wall, beyond the epithelial layer. METHODS: Wistar rats were exposed to low frequency noise (LFN), during increasing periods, 1 to 13 weeks. A control group was kept in silence. Gastric specimens were studied using: (i) light microscopy with hematoxylin-eosin and immunostaining for collagens; (ii) transmission electron microscopy; (iii) morphometry allowing statistical analysis. RESULTS: Submucosa of all LFN-exposed animals exhibit increased thickness with fibrous proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy showed massive collagen deposition. Immunostaining identified collagen IV as responsible for the increased thickness. Morphometry allowed the demonstration of a significant difference of thickness between control and exposed groups. Vascular alterations included: i) intima proliferation and thickening, rupture of the internal elastic lamina, thrombotic changes; ii) thickening of the media; iii) after 9 weeks of LFN-exposure, we found new formed vessel presenting tortuous and twisted. There is a significant difference of arterial wall thickness between control and exposed groups. CONCLUSIONS: Deeper layers of gastric wall undergo alterations, including fibrosis of the submucosa caused by collagen IV deposition, an early marker of neoangiogenesis. Vascular alterations included thickening and thrombotic phenomena, but also images of newly formed vessels. This study suggests that, at least in the stomach, LFN-induced fibrosis could be linked with neoangiogenesis.

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