scholarly journals Features of the long-term dynamics of development hydro/chemical parameters of the water of the Shershnevsk Reservoir

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Hydrochemical Regime ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Permanganate Oxidability

The article presents an analysis of the long-term dynamics of the hydrochemical conditions of the water of the Shershnevsky reservoir for 1972-2020 during the spring flood and summer low water. The features of the development of water quality indicators over time are determined: pH, mineralization, turbidity, color, suspended solids, the content of dissolved oxygen and organic substances by permanganate oxidability and BPK5, as well as changes in the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen and phosphates. In the water of the Shershnevsky reservoir for the period 1972-2020, trends of a significant decrease in mineralization, turbidity and permanganate oxidability were noted in both phases of the hydrological mode. In the summer low water period, a significant increase in chromaticity, oxygen content in water and orthophosphates was detected.. The revealed features of changes in the hydrochemical regime indicate an increase in the processes of anthropogenic eutrophication of the Shershnevsky reservoir – the only drinking source of the Chelyabinsk agglomeration and make it possible to predict the state of the aquatic ecosystem. The information obtained can be implemented in the process of making management decisions on environmental protection measures for the Shershnevsky reservoir.

The influence of different recultivation techniques on primary production processes in a degraded urban lake

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Grochowska ◽  
Renata Brzozowska ◽  
Katarzyna Parszuto
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Artificial Aeration ◽  
Phosphorus Inactivation ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractThe study was conducted in Lake Długie located in Olsztyn, the Masurian Lake District. In the 1950s and in the 1960s, Lake Długie was used for 20 years as a collector of raw domestic and storm sewage. This has led to complete degradation of the lake. After preliminary protection measures implemented in the catchment, the lake was restored by artificial aeration and phosphorus inactivation methods. Long-term recultivation of the reservoir resulted in a significant and long-lasting improvement of the water quality. Before restoration, the average concentration of organic phosphorus in the surface water layer amounted to 0.166 mg Porg l−1 and of organic nitrogen — to 3.0 mg Norg l−1. After restoration, these values decreased to 0.058 mg Porg l−1 and 2.0 mg Norg l−1. The results obtained eight years after the recultivation of Lake Długie are extremely interesting. The amounts of chlorophyll a did not exceed 7 μg l−1, water transparency remained at a depth of 2.9 m, and BOD5 did not exceed 2 mg O2 l−1. These observations show that during implementation of recultivation treatments, only chemical parameters of the water significantly changed, while biological elements reacted to the treatments with some delay.

scholarly journals Assessment of water quality in Shitalakhya river insights from phytoplankton and nutrient regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
MD. JAHANGIR SARKER ◽  
SUMON ADIKARI ◽  
JESMIN AKTER
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Quality Parameter ◽  
Water Quality Parameter ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Phytoplankton Group

The present study assessed the water quality parameter insights from phytoplankton and nutrientregimes of the Shitalakhya River based on three sampling stations. The ranges of water temperature,transparency, dissolved oxygen, pH, TDS, phosphate-phosphorus, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, andsilicate were 27.86±0.249 °C to 29.83±0.612 °C, 42.33±0.471 to 31.33±0.942 cm, 6.35±0.232 to5.88±0.066 mg/L, 7.62±0.008 to 7.52±0.018, 63.33±4.714 to 40±8.164 mg/L, 0.52±0.020 to0.34±0.016 mg/L, 0.06±0.012 to 0.01±0.004 mg/L, 0.12±0.008 to 0.05±0.004 mg/L, and 0.12±0.004to 0.07±0.001 mg/L respectively. The values of transparency, TDS, nitrite, nitrate, and silicate variedsignificantly while other parameters showed non-significant (p>0.05) among three stations. The results alsoindicated the presence of 27 genera belonging to five major groups- Bacillariophyceae (9), Chlorophyceae(8), Euglenophyceae (5), Dinophyceae (3), and Cyanophyceae (2). The dominant phytoplankton group wasthe Bacillariophyceae (38%), followed in order by Chlorophyceae (26%), Euglenophyceae (19%),Dinophyceae (12%), and Cyanophyceae (5%). Shannon-Weiner species diversity index (H?) ranged from 2.31to 2.99 (phytoplankton) indicating the water body is moderately polluted. Overall, maximum density(46.66×103 cells L-1) of phytoplankton was observed at S2 followed by S3 (35.23×103 cells L-1) and S1(20.95×103 cells L-1). The fluctuation of the physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton density of theriver could be attributed to the high influx of nutrients into the river as a result of discharging nutrient reachwater from. Monitoring of these activities within the river and education on the wise use of the water isrecommended.

scholarly journals Tolerancia de diez especies de diatomeas (Bacillariophyceae) a los factores físico-químicos del agua en el Río Sarapiquí, Costa Rica

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Céspedes Vargas ◽  
Gerardo Umaña Villalobos ◽  
Ana Margarita Silva Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Middle Reach ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Turbidity

Benthic diatoms are the periphyton component most studied in Costa Rican rivers, yet there is still much to be known about their ecology. This study aims to contribute to this knowledge. Periphyton samples from six locations along the middle reach of Sarapiquí river and some of its tributaries were taken and analyzed from 2010 to 2012. A total count of 400 frustules was performed in each sample to obtain relative abundances of each species. Ten species, which were easily recognized at the light microscope, were analyzed here: Achnanthidium exiguum, Coconneis placentula, Cymbella tumida, Luticola goeppertiana, Luticola ventricosa, Navicula symmetrica, Nitzchia clausii, Nupela praecipua, Reimeria sinuata and Synedra goulardi. Their abundance was related to physico chemical data at each site for every sampling date (dissolved oxygen, temperature, conductivity, total suspended solids, turbidity, pH and alkalinity) with a canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) that allowed distinguishing three sectors along the river according to altitude. These sectors differed by substrate, riparian vegetation cover, and physic-chemical parameters, all of which resulted in differences in diatom species composition among them. Optimum values and tolerances form each environmental parameter were calculated for each species. Our results showed that A. exiguum, R. sinuata, L. ventricosa and C. tumida, were dominant in clean and well oxygenated waters with low temperatures. The species N. praecipua, S. goulardi, C. placentula, L. goeppertiana, N. clausii and N. symmetrica inhabited warm waters with high turbidity and low oxygen. The species A. exiguum, R. sinuata were dominant in sites with low alkalinity and conductivity, whereas species like N. symmetrica, C. tumida and L. ventricosa showed a positive relationship with conductivity and pH. The studied species showed good characteristics of their value as water quality indicators, yet due to different interpretations by several authors, it is necessary to perform further studies at more river basins in the country.

Investigations on the filtration of natural aquatic suspensions supported by dosing small amounts of Fe(III)-salts (βFe ≤ 0.1 mg.L-1): mode of action and basic design criteria

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
R. Winzenbacher ◽  
R. Schick ◽  
H.-H. Stabel ◽  
M. Jekel
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Iron Hydroxides ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Alkaline Earths ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Solid Liquid Separation

Improved removal of particles during the treatment of natural aquatic suspensions has been achieved by pre-ozonation and the addition of small quantities of iron salts (βFe ≤ 0.1 mg.L-1; “Fe(III)-assisted filtration”) followed by rapid filtration. As shown by investigations on a large-scale installation at Lake Constance Water Supply, this procedure reliably reduces suspended solids by at least 2-3 powers of ten in long-term use. However, the high efficacy of Fe(III)-assisted filtration cannot be explained on the basis of known coagulation mechanisms (like adsorption-charge neutralization, co-precipitation). Instead, the essential step was found to be the conditioning of the filter medium by coating it with colloids containing Fe(OH)3, and this “Fe coating” process occurs only in the presence of alkaline earths (especially Ca2+). According to further experiments, the enhanced solid-liquid separation was ultimately traced to chemical interactions such as the formation of calcium-organic association structures between the iron hydroxides and other solids. For design of Fe(III)-assisted filtration steps, finally, a βCa/DOC ratio above 40 mg.mg-1 and pre-oxidation with ozone dosages not exceeding 2 mg O3/mg DOC was recommended.

Management of Dairy Waste in the Sonoran Desert Using Constructed Wetland Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Karpiscak ◽  
Robert J. Freitas ◽  
Charles P. Gerba ◽  
Luis R. Sanchez ◽  
Eylon Shamir
Keyword(s):  
Sonoran Desert ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Scirpus Validus ◽  
Surface Wetland

An integrated wastewater treatment facility, consisting of upper (solids separators, anaerobic lagoons, and aerobic ponds) and lower (wetland cells) subsystems, has been built to replace the lagoon at a dairy in Arizona, USA. The collection sump of the new waste treatment facility collects all dairy wastewater outflow. Wastewater is then pumped to solids separators, and flows by gravity to anaerobic ponds and aerobic ponds. The upper subsystem is expected to treat the water sufficiently so that the wetland cells may achieve further pollutant reductions. The lower subsystem, comprised of 8 surface wetland cells with an approximate surface area of 5,000 m2, receives outflow from the ponds. The cells are planted with cattail (Typha domingensis), soft-stem bulrush (Scirpus validus), and reed (Phragmites australis). After treatment is completed via the lagoons and ponds followed by the wetland cells, the wastewater can be reused to flush barns or to irrigate crops. Performance of the overall system is evaluated by measuring physical, chemical and biological parameters in water samples taken from selected locations along the treatment system. Chemical parameters studied include biochemical oxygen demand, pH, total suspended solids, nitrogen species. Biological monitoring included coliforms (total and fecal) and Listeria monocytogenes.

scholarly journals “I’ve Heard of It, Yes, but I Can’t Remember What Exactly It Was”—A Qualitative Study on Awareness, Knowledge, and Use of the UV Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Tatiana Görig ◽  
Charlotte Jansen ◽  
Maike Carola Hruby ◽  
Annette B. Pfahlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians play an important role in counselling customers regarding sunscreen use and sun protection measures. A potentially helpful tool that can be used during counselling is the ultraviolet index (UVI), which informs individuals when and what sun protection measures are needed at a specific place and time. Our aim in this qualitative study was to explore awareness, knowledge, and use of the UVI during counselling in pharmacies. We used semi-structured interviews with pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians (n = 20) to answer our research questions. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. During the interviews pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians revealed a lot of uncertainty and lack of knowledge regarding the UVI. Eight professionals were able to give a correct definition of UVI. Amongst others, the UVI was confused with sun protection factor. Overall, the UVI was hardly used during the counselling of customers. The UVI was developed to provide guidance when which type of sun protection is required to avoid detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation. For effective implementation, both the general population and health professionals (e.g., pharmacists) have to increase their knowledge about the UVI. This would strengthen its use during professional counselling in pharmacies and may help to reduce the incidence of skin cancer over the long term.

The Research on the Strategies for Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection

2013 ◽  
Vol 869-870 ◽  
pp. 786-790
Author(s):  
Chen Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
National Economic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dialectical Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

The strategies for sustainable development have been included in the medium and long term plan of 2010 for national economic and social development. Protecting the environment is the most important prerequisite and safeguards for the sustainable development strategy. In the study, we described the history of the environmental problems in the world, the proposal and implications of sustainable development, and outlined the dialectical relationship of development with the environment. The environmental protection measures for sustainable development were proposed here, according to the environmental situation severely affecting its biophysical environment.

DecoMSW: A Methodology to Assess Decomposition of Municipal Solid Waste for Initiation of Landfill Mining Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-481
Author(s):  
Arif Mohammad ◽  
Venkata Siva Naga Sai Goli ◽  
Agnes Anto Chembukavu ◽  
Devendra Narain Singh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Bioreactor Landfill ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Landfill Mining ◽  
Humus Substances ◽  
Volatile Solids

Biochemical decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) in landfills leads to the generation of leachate, gases and humus substances. In this context, a methodology to assess D ecomposition of MSW, designated as DecoMSW, has been developed; based on a series of tests conducted on samples of the fresh MSW and those retrieved from the active bioreactor landfill (BLF) cells of age from 13 to 48 months. Furthermore, spatial and temporal variation in the (i) physical (composition) and (ii) chemical (pH, volatile solids, total organic carbon, elemental analysis, ammonium and nitrate-nitrogen, biomethanation potential, lignocellulosic content) characteristics of the MSW samples exhumed from the landfill have been established. Finally, these characteristics were correlated vis-à-vis the respective values of the fresh MSW. From this exercise, it has been observed that except for nitrate-nitrogen, all other chemical parameters of MSW decrease exponentially with time until 20 months, and beyond that, they remain constant, which is an indication of stabilization of MSW. In short, it has been demonstrated that DecoMSW is instrumental in assessing the state of decomposition of MSW with respect to time in the BLF and facilitates initiation of the landfill mining activities.

scholarly journals Nationwide COVID-19-EII Study: Incidence, Environmental Risk Factors and Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and COVID-19 of the ENEIDA Registry

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Yamile Zabana ◽  
Ignacio Marín-Jiménez ◽  
Iago Rodríguez-Lago ◽  
Isabel Vera ◽  
María Dolores Martín-Arranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

We aim to describe the incidence and source of contagion of COVID-19 in patients with IBD, as well as the risk factors for a severe course and long-term sequelae. This is a prospective observational study of IBD and COVID-19 included in the ENEIDA registry (53,682 from 73 centres) between March–July 2020 followed-up for 12 months. Results were compared with data of the general population (National Centre of Epidemiology and Catalonia). A total of 482 patients with COVID-19 were identified. Twenty-eight percent were infected in the work environment, and 48% were infected by intrafamilial transmission, despite having good adherence to lockdown. Thirty-five percent required hospitalization, 7.9% had severe COVID-19 and 3.7% died. Similar data were reported in the general population (hospitalisation 19.5%, ICU 2.1% and mortality 4.6%). Factors related to death and severe COVID-19 were being aged ≥ 60 years (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 1.8–27 and 4.5, 95% CI: 1.3–15.9), while having ≥2 comorbidities increased mortality (OR 3.9, 95% CI: 1.3–11.6). None of the drugs for IBD were related to severe COVID-19. Immunosuppression was definitively stopped in 1% of patients at 12 months. The prognosis of COVID-19 in IBD, even in immunosuppressed patients, is similar to that in the general population. Thus, there is no need for more strict protection measures in IBD.

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