EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF SOFTENING METHODS OF WATER FROM NATURAL SOURCES

The results of chemical analysis of natural waters from surface (river, water supply) and underground (well, well) sources are given. Water selection for analysis was carried out in a number of cities and villages of the Samara and Penza regions. The analysis was performed on the following indicators: total stiff ness, hydrogen index, calcium, magnesium, iron cations, chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbonates, permanganate oxidability. The most common chemical indicator of water quality exceeding MPC was identifi ed. The negative impact of rigid water on the operation of boiler units and household needs is shown. Various methods of water softening are illuminated. The results of determination of water hardness before softening and after fi ltration through a layer of cationite and anionite are presented. Based on the obtained indicators, recommendations are given on the selection of softening methods for various types of boilers.

EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF SOFTENING METHODS OF WATER FROM NATURAL SOURCES

The results of chemical analysis of natural waters from surface (river, water supply) and underground (well, well) sources are given. Water selection for analysis was carried out in a number of cities and villages of the Samara and Penza regions. The analysis was performed on the following indicators: total stiff ness, hydrogen index, calcium, magnesium, iron cations, chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbonates, permanganate oxidability. The most common chemical indicator of water quality exceeding MPC was identifi ed. The negative impact of rigid water on the operation of boiler units and household needs is shown. Various methods of water softening are illuminated. The results of determination of water hardness before softening and after fi ltration through a layer of cationite and anionite are presented. Based on the obtained indicators, recommendations are given on the selection of softening methods for various types of boilers.

MONITORING OF CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF MAJOR RIVERS OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC

Environmental monitoring of two major rivers of the Chechen Republic, such as the Terek and the Sunzha, from 2013 to 2017 revealed that the hydrochemical composition of river water meets the requirements of hygiene standards. Water analysis was performed according to the following parameters: permanganate oxidability, dissolved oxygen, dry residue, biological oxygen demand (BOD5). The content of chloride, nitrate and sulfate ions also met the hygiene standards

Features of the long-term dynamics of development hydro/chemical parameters of the water of the Shershnevsk Reservoir

The article presents an analysis of the long-term dynamics of the hydrochemical conditions of the water of the Shershnevsky reservoir for 1972-2020 during the spring flood and summer low water. The features of the development of water quality indicators over time are determined: pH, mineralization, turbidity, color, suspended solids, the content of dissolved oxygen and organic substances by permanganate oxidability and BPK5, as well as changes in the concentrations of ammonium, nitrite, nitrate nitrogen and phosphates. In the water of the Shershnevsky reservoir for the period 1972-2020, trends of a significant decrease in mineralization, turbidity and permanganate oxidability were noted in both phases of the hydrological mode. In the summer low water period, a significant increase in chromaticity, oxygen content in water and orthophosphates was detected.. The revealed features of changes in the hydrochemical regime indicate an increase in the processes of anthropogenic eutrophication of the Shershnevsky reservoir – the only drinking source of the Chelyabinsk agglomeration and make it possible to predict the state of the aquatic ecosystem. The information obtained can be implemented in the process of making management decisions on environmental protection measures for the Shershnevsky reservoir.

Hydrological and hydrochemical investigation in the Lena River Delta in winter 2015–2016

The results of hydrological and hydrochemical research of on bodies of water: ducts and lakes of the delta of the Lena River are reported here. Studies were performed during the 2015/16 summer (July-August) and winter (April) expeditionary seasons. The present work also introduces the results of field hydrochemical analyzes made immediately after sampling. The values of hydrochemical and hydrophysical indicators of ducts and lakes such as electrical conductivity, pH, permanganate oxidability, concentration of dissolved organic carbon, water color and absorption of colored organic matter were received. This obtained values supplemented significantly the available information on the delta water bodies in winter.

Extreme Hydro/chemical Phenomena in a River System during the Snowmelt Period

Development of extreme hydro/chemical phenomena during the snowmelt periods in the Moskva River (Rublyovo) and their interrelations with the water flow in the river have been investigated. The analysis was based on the rows of water quality daily average values including turbidity, color, permanganate oxidability, alkalinity, pH, chlorides, ammonia ion, iron, as well as the data on the river water flow. A two-month rated period March 15 – May 15 has been identified out of the data rows over 15 years of observations (1997–2011). It has covered the high water peak, preceding waves of thaw and successive period of relaxation. Special features of the indicators extreme behavior during the said period have been described. Variability of indicators during the snowmelt period was illustrated by the 1998 and 1999 data when washing of the river bed was carried out. During these measures performing links between water quality indicators and water consumption were the most obvious. Определен суммарный сток ингредиентов за половодье в зависимости от стока воды. It has been demonstrated that this dependency obeys the linear law.