Automated Verbalization of ORM Models in Malay and Mandarin

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shin Huei Lim ◽  
Terry Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Data Models ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Graphical Notation ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Relevant Fact ◽  
Modal Operators ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Asian Languages ◽  
Object Role Modeling ◽  
Business Requirements

Fact-oriented modeling approaches such as Object-Role Modeling (ORM) include a rich graphical notation for capturing business constraints, allowing modelers to visualize fine details of their data models. These data models should be validated with domain experts who best understand the business requirements, even if unfamiliar with the graphical notation. Hence, the data models are best validated by verbalizing the models in a controlled natural language, and by populating the relevant fact types with examples. Comparatively little support exists for verbalizing fact-based models in non-English languages, especially Asian languages. This paper describes the authors' work on verbalizing ORM models in Bahasa Melayu (Malay) and Mandarin. The authors specify some typical transformation patterns, discuss features of these languages requiring special treatment (e.g. noun classifiers, repositioning of modal operators, and different uses for terms equivalent to “who” and “that” in English), and describe their current implementation efforts.

Object-Role Modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
Graphical Notation ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Class Diagrams ◽  
Entity Relationship ◽  
Object Role Modeling ◽  
Business Requirements

Object-Role Modeling (ORM) is an approach for modeling and querying information at the conceptual level, and for transforming ORM models and queries to or from other representations. Unlike attribute-based approaches such as Entity-Relationship (ER) modeling and class modeling within the Unified Modeling Language (UML), ORM is fact-oriented, where all facts and rules are modeled in terms of natural sentences easily understood and validated by nontechnical business users. ORM’s modeling procedure facilitates validation by verbalization and population with concrete examples. ORM’s graphical notation is far more expressive than that of ER diagrams or UML class diagrams, and its attribute-free nature makes it more stable and adaptable to changing business requirements. This article explains the fundamentals of ORM, illustrates some of its advantages as a data modeling approach, and outlines some recent research to extend ORM, with special attention to mappings to deductive databases.

Supplementing UML with Concepts from ORM

2001 ◽  
pp. 168-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Graphical Language ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Class Diagrams ◽  
Conceptual Data ◽  
Object Role Modeling ◽  
Uml Metamodel

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is useful for designing object-oriented code, but is less suitable for conceptual data analysis. Its process-centric use-cases provide an inadequate basis for specifying data-centric class diagrams, and the UML graphical language suffers from incompleteness, inconsistency and unnecessary complexity. For example, multiplicity constraints can lead to unexpected problems when extended to n-ary associations, the constraint primitives are not optimized for orthogonality or expressibility, and the graphical language does not lend itself readily to verbalization and multiple instantiation for validating models with domain experts. This chapter examines some of these defects, and shows how to compensate for them by augmenting UML with concepts and techniques from the Object Role Modeling (ORM) approach. It highlights the potential of “data use cases” for seeding the data model, using verbalization of facts and rules with positive and negative examples to facilitate validation of business rules. The following approaches are suggested as possible ways to exploit the benefits of fact-orientation: use ORM for the conceptual analysis then map the ORM model to UML; use UML supplemented by informal population diagrams and user-defined constraints; enhance the UML metamodel to better support business rules.

Modality of Business Rules

2011 ◽  
pp. 206-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Modeling ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Role Modeling ◽  
Business Rules ◽  
Graphic Notation ◽  
Modal Operators ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Main Ideas ◽  
Object Role Modeling ◽  
Static Nature

A business domain is typically subject to various business rules. In practice, these rules may be of different modalities (e.g., alethic and deontic). Alethic rules impose necessities, which cannot, even in principle, be violated by the business. Deontic rules impose obligations, which may be violated, even though they ought not to be. Conceptual modeling approaches typically confine their specification of constraints to alethic rules. This chapter discusses one way to model deontic rules, especially those of a static nature. A formalization based on modal operators is provided, and some challenging semantic issues are examined from both logical and pragmatic perspectives. Because of its richer semantics, the main graphic notation used is that of object-role modeling (ORM). However, the main ideas could be adapted for UML and ER as well. A basic implementation of the proposed approach has been prototyped in Neumont ORM Architect (NORMA), a software tool that supports automated verbalization of both alethic and deontic rules.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Industrial Revolution 4.0 in a Seaport System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10667
Author(s):  
Nurul Haqimin Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mahendrran Selvaduray ◽  
Jagan Jeevan ◽  
Abdul Hafaz Ngah ◽  
Suhaiza Zailani
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Sustainable Implementation ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Business Requirements

As pillars of logistics, supply chains, and transport networks, seaports have led to a substantial demand for countless economic advantages. The sustainability and competitive advantage of seaport businesses depend on their ability to adapt to changing business requirements, while Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) is a current phenomenon that connects the global market through smart technologies involving cyber-physical systems to overcome global trade uncertainty. However, focusing only on growing economic benefits might lead to an ineffective sustainable implementation of IR 4.0 within a seaport system. Therefore, this paper compares the current status of IR 4.0 global implementation against the current Malaysian seaport system to ensure that the development of seaports in Malaysia is aligned with technological trends and global requirements. In addition, this paper investigates the critical sustainable factors (CSFs) for the implementation of IR 4.0 in Malaysian seaports. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is used to obtain the data from 13 domain experts, from various maritime stakeholders, which is further analysed by using Thematic Analysis. The result has shown that most seaports have started to initiate a fusion by focusing on IR 4.0 adaptation. In contrast, in Malaysia, the seaports in this country are still behind the global trend and are just starting to explore the concept of IR 4.0 instead of expanding to the next level (global benchmark). The current status and CSFs, for the implementation of IR 4.0 in Malaysian seaports, are presented in comparison to global requirements, and the marginal associations between them are shown. As a conclusion, by comparing a global seaport scenario with Malaysian seaports, the main considerations for sustaining the implementation of IR 4.0 in Malaysian seaports can be discovered.

Is code law? Current legal and technical adoption issues and remedies for blockchain-enabled smart contracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-360
Author(s):  
Daniel Drummer ◽  
Dirk Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
Private Industry ◽  
Domain Experts ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Legal Domain

Blockchain technology has enabled so-called smart contracts between different parties on a decentralized network. These self-enforceable and self-executable computerized contracts could initiate a fundamental paradigm shift in the understanding and functioning of our legal practices. Opportunities for their application are increasingly understood, and numerous tests of feasibility have been completed. However, only very few use cases have yet been implemented at scale. This article—as the first of its kind—comprehensively analyzes the underlying challenges and locates a key reason for the slow adoption in the discrepancy between legal requirements and IT capabilities. Our work combines a wide range of academic sources and interviews with 30 domain experts from IT, the legal domain and private industry. First, we establish that smart contracts still fall within the boundaries of the general legal framework. We then systematically dissect current shortcomings of smart contracts on three distinct levels, namely, (1) how smart contracts are likely to cause conflicts with existing laws, (2) how smart contracts are intrinsically limited on an individual contract level and (3) how they are impeded by their current technical design. Across those levels, we dissect 20 distinct issues concerning the current implementation of smart contracts for which we derive potential remedies. We further outline implications for policy-makers as well as IT management, and examine how information systems research can play an important role in advancing smart contracts. Finally, we show how managerial and organizational issues might represent an ongoing challenge for the widespread adoption of smart contracts.

Response to Intervention and Current Implementation

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Janet L. Proly
Keyword(s):  
Response To Intervention ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Current Implementation ◽  
Rti Implementation ◽  
Level Of Understanding

Abstract Response to Intervention (RTI) implementation is becoming more widespread due to the references of RTI components in the Federal Regulations. But everyone is not at the same level of understanding about RTI and its implementation. This article will answer several questions. What is RTI? Why are we hearing more and more about RTI? How are states implementing RTI components? How can the speech-language pathologist help in RTI implementation in the presence or absence of a specific RTI infrastructure? How is Florida Proceeding with RTI implementation? Are there any new resources available for principals and other educators who might want to learn more about RTI?

The Old Man in Purgatory: The Indian Part in Yeats's Vision of Salvation

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Yeeyon Im
Keyword(s):  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Christian Perspective ◽  
Selfless Action

This essay examines Yeats's Purgatory via A Vision, in an attempt to understand his view of salvation in particular relation to Indian philosophy. Read from a Christian perspective, Purgatory may be a work far from purgation, as T. S. Eliot once complained. I wish to show in this essay that Purgatory indeed places emphasis on purgation by a negative example, if in a different way from the Catholic one. Yeats denies the linear eschatology of Christian theology as well as its doctrine of salvation in eternal heaven. In A Vision, Yeats explains his view of the afterlife of the soul, which involves purgation through ‘the Dreaming Back’. The special treatment of the Old Man renders Purgatory a meta-purgatorial play that mirrors the Dreaming Back of his mother's spirit in the Old Man's, intensifying the theme of purgation. Purgatory effectively dramatizes the inability to forgive and cast out remorse: the impossibility of nishikam karma, or selfless action, to borrow Sanskrit terms, which is essential for Yeatsian salvation. Finally, I would also emphasize Yeats's deviation from the Hindu wisdom, which makes Yeats's vision uniquely his own.

Modern Greek V V dvandva compounds: A linguistic innovation in the history of the Indo-European languages

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Ralli
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Late Medieval Period ◽  
European Languages ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Change ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Asian Languages

This paper deals with [V V] dvandva compounds, which are frequently used in East and Southeast Asian languages but also in Greek and its dialects: Greek is in this respect uncommon among Indo-European languages. It examines the appearance of this type of compounding in Greek by tracing its development in the late Medieval period, and detects a high rate of productivity in most Modern Greek dialects. It argues that the emergence of the [V V] dvandva pattern is not due to areal pressure or to a language-contact situation, but it is induced by a language internal change. It associates this change with the rise of productivity of compounding in general, and the expansion of verbal compounds in particular. It also suggests that the change contributes to making the compound-formation patterns of the language more uniform and systematic. Claims and proposals are illustrated with data from Standard Modern Greek and its dialects. It is shown that dialectal evidence is crucial for the study of the rise and productivity of [V V] dvandva compounds, since changes are not usually portrayed in the standard language.

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