ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN CHILLI PEPPER  (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) GENOTYPES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND  FRUIT TRAITS UNDER HOT CLIMATE OF UMERKOT, SINDH

Thirty-two genotypes of chilli from three different sources (local dandicuts, AVRDC and PGRI PARC) were evaluated for the presence of genetic divergence among them for different agro-economic traits i.e., plant height, stem girth, fruit length, fruit girth, number of fruits per plant, number of seed per fruit, fresh fruit weight and dry fruit weight at Arid Zone Agricultural Research Institute, Umerkot, Sindh during 2018. All these genotypes were found to be significantly different from each other for all the studied traits. For further diversity analysis, multivariate analyses like principal component analysis (PCA) and Cluster analysis were also performed to figure out the traits responsible for maximum variability and grouping of genotypes according to their similarities and differences for their future utilization in chilli breeding programs. PCA analysis showed that first four PCs exhibited 82.79% of the total variability among these 32 chilli genotypes. Cluster analysis showed four different sub-clusters and the genotypes from every single source merge in each sub-cluster, thus showing that chilli genotypes are from different geographical backgrounds. Based on these results, the chilli genotypes can be further utilized in future chilli improvement programs in Pakistan. Genotypes AZRI-DS-14, AZRI-DS-01 and AVPP-9804 showed better performance.

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Genetic divergence of indigenous pummelo genotypes

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v3i1.27856 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

Md Sarowar Alam ◽

Md Sultan Mia ◽

Md Salim ◽

Jubair Al Rashid ◽

Md Saidur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Research Station ◽

Mean Values ◽

Cluster Distance ◽

Minimum Number ◽

Total Divergence ◽

And Performance

The genetic divergence was studied in33pummelogenotypes using D2 statistics and principal component analysis at Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Akbarpur, Moulvibazar during 2012 to 2014. The genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters and the maximum number of genotypes was included in cluster IV and V and the minimum number in cluster I. The inter cluster distance in all of the cases were higher than the intra cluster distance indicating wider genetic diversity among the accessions of different groups. The highest inter-cluster distance was observed between cluster I and II followed by cluster II and V and the lowest between III and IV. The highest intra- cluster distance was observed for the cluster II and the lowest for the cluster III. For cluster II, the highest mean values for plant height (6.13m), individual fruit weight (1141.67g), fruit length (13.03 cm) and breadth (13.15 cm), number of segments per fruit (14.41), number and weight of seeds per fruit (123.67 and 50.41g), yield per plant (50.94 kg) were observed. The first axis largely accounted for the variation among the pummelo accessions (26.16%) followed by second axis (18.75%). The first 8 axes accounted 90.56 % of the total variation. The characters individual fruit weight (g) and weight of seeds per fruit (g) showing positive value in both the vectors contributed maximum towards divergence. Considering magnitude of genetic distance, contribution of different traits toward the total divergence, magnitude of cluster means for different traits and performance the genotypes of cluster I, II, and IV may be considered as parents for future hybridization program.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 37-43, April 2016

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Genetic Evaluation and Bi-plot Analysis in Okra Hybrids for Yield, Quality Components and YVMV Resistance

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.5.4.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (04) ◽

Author(s):

SS SOLANKEY ◽

ANIL K SINGH

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Principal Component ◽

F1 Hybrids ◽

Genetic Advance ◽

Economic Traits ◽

Cross Combination ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Eigen Value ◽

Coefficient Of Variability ◽

Yield Quality

Fifty one okra F1 hybrids (using 17 lines as female and 3 testers as male parent) were evaluated in RCBD design during two different consecutive seasons (summer and rainy). Phenotypic coefficient of variability (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) for all studied character exhibiting environmental effects on the expression of characters. Heritability (h2b) along with genetic advance per cent of mean was found highest for character YVMV (86.95% and 150.61%). All the 51 okra hybrids were grouped into 4 distinct clusters in which Cluster II was the largest cluster having 28 F1s (54.90% of total F1s) followed by Cluster I with 14 F1s (27.45% of total F1s). Out of the major 6 PCs, 4 principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) accounted with proportionate values of 22.61, 17.22, 11.87 and 10.63%, respectively and contributed 62.33 % of the cumulative variation having Eigen value more than one. Moreover, based on PCs and genetic divergence in Cluster I and Cluster IV for plant height, YVMV and number of fruit per plant is important to identify the best cross combination (Arka Abhay × Arka Anamika) in okra. Therefore, the best cross combinations for improvement in various economic traits can be recommended on the basis of genetic divergence and principal component analysis in okra.

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↵Genetic Diversity and Principal Component Analysis in Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under Rainfed Condition

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-4568 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Gupta ◽

Suresh Muralia ◽

N.K. Gupta ◽

Sunita Gupta ◽

M.L. Jakhar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Grain Legume ◽

Research Station ◽

Rainfed Condition

Background: Mungbean is a short duration grain legume widely grown in south and Southeast Asia. The extent of variability through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis in promising mungbean genotypes should be known for possible yield improvement. A study was undertaken to work out the extent of variability among twenty four mungbean genotypes through cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Methods: The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications during kharif 2018 and 2019 at the experimental field of Agricultural Research Station, Navgaon (Alwar) under rainfed condition. Result: Principal component analysis revealed that the first three main PCAs amounted 78.80% of the total variation among genotypes for different traits. Out of total principal components, PC1 accounts for maximum variability in the data with respect to succeeding components. Number of branches per plant (28.62%), number of clusters per plant (23.55%) and seed yield (15.58%) showed maximum per cent contribution towards total genetic divergence on pooled basis. Cluster analysis showed that genotypes fall into seven different clusters and their inter and intra cluster distance showed genetic diversity between different genotypes. The maximum number of genotypes i.e., 8 was found in cluster II followed by cluster III comprising of 6 genotypes. Genotypes RMG-1138 and IPM-02-03 representing the mono genotypic cluster signifies that it can be the most diverse variety and it would be the appropriate genotype for hybridization with ones present in other clusters to tailor the agriculturally important traits and ultimately to boost the seed yield in mungbean under rainfed conditions.

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Rendering Multivariate Statistical Models for Genetic Diversity Assessment in a A-Genome Diploid Wheat Population

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11112339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2339

Author(s):

Zareen Sarfraz ◽

Mohammad Maroof Shah ◽

Muhammad Sajid Iqbal ◽

Mian Faisal Nazir ◽

Ibrahim Al-Ashkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Influence ◽

Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽

Principal Component ◽

Diploid Wheat ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Economic Traits ◽

Diversity Assessment ◽

A Genome ◽

Improvement Programs

Diversifying available natural resources to cope with abrupt climatic changes and the necessity to equalize rising agricultural production with improved ability to endure environmental influence is the dire need of the day. Inherent allelic variability regarding significant economic traits featuring both enhanced productivity and environmental adaptability is one such prominent need. To address this requirement, a series of analyses were conducted in this study for exploring natural diploid wheat germplasm resources. The current study involved 98 Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) populations developed by crossing two diploid ‘A’ sub-genome wheat species, Triticummonococcum and Triticum boeoticum, enriched with valuable alleles controlling, in particular, biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance. Their 12 phenotypic traits were explored to reveal germplasm value. All traits exhibited vast diversity among parents and RILs via multivariate analysis. Most of the investigated traits depicted significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations enlightening spikelet per spike, total biomass, seed weight per spike, number of seeds per spike, plant height, and days to heading as considerably focused traits for improving hexaploid wheat. Principal component analysis (PCA) exhibited 61.513% of total variation with three PCs for 12 traits. Clustering of genotypes happened in three clades, and the two parents were separated into two extreme clusters, validating their enrichment of diversity. This study provided beneficial aspects of parental resources rich in diverse alleles. They can be efficiently exploited in wheat improvement programs focusing on introgression breeding and the recovery of eroded genetic factors in currently available commercial wheat cultivars to sustain calamities of environmental fluctuations.

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Determination of genetic divergence in pointed gourd by principal component and non-hierarchical euclidean cluster analysis

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i4.1548 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2421-2426

Author(s):

Priyanka Verma ◽

S. K. Maurya ◽

Hridesh Yadav ◽

Ankit Panchbhaiya

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Principal Components ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Principal Component ◽

Female Flower ◽

Research Centre ◽

Cluster Number ◽

Wide Range ◽

Total Divergence ◽

Pointed Gourd

The present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Centre, Pantnagar to estimate the ge-netic divergence using Mahalanobis D2 statistics for twelve characters on 35 genotypes of pointed gourd. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the most discerning trait responsible for greater variability in the lines and on the basis of mean performance, genotypes were classified into different groups. Five principal components (PC) have been extracted using the mean performance of the genotypes and 83.23 per cent variation is yielded by the first five principal components, among them high mean positive value or higher weight age was obtained was obtained for days to first female flower anthesis and days to first fruit harvest among all the vectors, indicates that these traits are important component of genetic divergence in pointed gourd. Non- hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped the genotypes into seven clusters and the highest number of genotypes were found in cluster number IV i.e. eleven whereas maximum inter-cluster distance was found between the cluster III and VI i.e. 74.250, it indicates that a wide range of genetic divergence is present between the genotypes present among these two clusters. And as per contribution toward total divergence, traits like fruit yield per hectare and number of fruit per plant contributed 92.64% toward total divergence. The high diversity found in the genotypes showed its great potential for improving qualitative as well as quantitative traits in pointed gourd.

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Characterization of Morphological and Fruit Quality Traits of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Germplasm

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15887-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ruining Zhang ◽

Hongxing Cao ◽

Chengxu Sun ◽

Jerome Jeyakumar John Martin

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Cocos Nucifera ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Germplasm Resources ◽

New Varieties ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Cocos Nucifera L ◽

Fruit Flavor

The evaluation and identification of germplasm resources is an indispensable step in the breeding processes and have important roles in the selection and improvement of new varieties. This research intended to characterize coconut germplasm to determine the quantitative, qualitative, and morphological traits of the stem, leaf, and inflorescence and the fruit characteristics. Sixteen morphological and qualitative traits of 17 coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) germplasm resources from Hainan, China, were investigated to determine the characteristics and advantages of multiple germplasm lines to create the foundation for the cultivation and breeding of coconuts. The results of the correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis indicate a correlation between coconut germplasm factors and their contribution to coconut traits. The results revealed that stem girth at 0.2 m was the most obvious trait, along with the fruit flavor, edible rate, fat content, hole spacing, single fruit weight, and number of female flowers, which reflect most of the information regarding coconut traits and contribute to its value. The PCA and cluster analysis indicated that two high-yield and superior-quality sweet water dwarf coconut germplasms, named ‘15-19’ and ‘15-17’, were suitable for cultivation and production in Hainan, China. The results of this study act a far-reaching influence on the collection and utilization of coconut resources and have an impact on the development and progress of the coconut industry in China.

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Investigation of Cotton Germplasm for Genetic Divergence Regarding Yield Related Trait Using Principal Component Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-94514/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Qudrat Ullah ◽

Muhammad Zulfiqar Ahmad ◽

Kalim Ullah ◽

Obaidullah Sayal ◽

Arshad Jamil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Main Cluster ◽

Total Variability ◽

Yield Related Trait ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Related Trait

Abstract Background: Cotton is a vital fiber and cash crop in Pakistan. Genetic diversity of a germplasm play an important role for cotton breeding. One hundred and two germplasm of upland cotton were investigated for genetic divergence regarding yield related attributes using principal component analysis. The research was carried out in RCB design with 2 replications. Experiment data was recorded on various qualitative and quantitative parameters and were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis.Results: PCA result showed that only four components were considered on account of their eigenvalue greater than 1 which contributed 65% to the total variability. Score plot showed that the suncrop-6, tipu-9, TJ-max, Deebal, CRIS-543, TH-20, Tahafuz-7, Eagle, BS-80, IUB-69, BH-221, NIAB-1048, and NIAB BT-2 showed the vertex of polygon and resulted as most divergent germplasm. Similarly cluster analysis also categorized the yield related traits into 5 main cluster. Cluster-1 contain 20 germplasm, cluster-II contain 16, and cluster-III, cluster-IV, and cluster-V comprise 13, 16, and 37 germplasm, respectively.Conclusion: Based on results, it was recommended that these genetically diverse germplasm might be used as parents that could be utilized in upcoming breeding programs.

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Genetic Divergence among Inbred Lines of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch Ex Poir)

Bangladesh Journal of Plant Breeding and Genetics ◽

10.3329/bjpbg.v29i2.33944 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

B. Ahmed ◽

M. A. T. Masud ◽

M. Zakaria ◽

M. M. Hossain ◽

M. A. K. Mian

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Principal Component ◽

Female Flower ◽

Inbred Lines ◽

Mean Value ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Cucurbita Moschata ◽

Male And Female ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Cluster Distance

Genetic divergence among nineteen inbred lines of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch Ex Poir) was estimated through principal component analysis and Mohalanobiss D2 analysis. Inbred lines were grouped into five clusters. Cluster I, II, III, IV and V were composed of five, three, four, six and one inbred lines respectively. Maximum inter cluster distance was observed between the cluster III and V (72.69) followed by the cluster I and V (63.33). Minimum inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and IV (10.64). The mean value of cluster III indicated the importance of days to first male and female flower open, node order to 1st female flower open and TSS. Cluster IV showed the importance of days to first female flower open, fruit diameter, cavity diameter, flesh thickness and average fruit weight. Similarly, cluster V indicated the importance of yield per plant, fruits per plant and fruit length. Days to first male and female flower open, fruit length and cavity length had the highest contribution towards divergence among the inbred lines. Considering the magnitude of cluster distance, cluster means for different characters and contribution of characters towards divergence, the inbred lines from clusters I, III and IV could be selected as parent for hybridization program.

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Genetic divergence on the basis of principal component, correlation and cluster analysis of yield and quality traits in cotton cultivars

Pakistan Journal of Botany ◽

10.30848/pjb2019-3(38) ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ameer Hussain Jarwar ◽

Xiaoyan Wang ◽

Muhammad Shahid Iqbal ◽

Zareen Sarfraz ◽

Long Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Principal Component ◽

Quality Traits ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

And Cluster Analysis

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GENETIC DIVERGENCE AMONG Passiflora cristalina Vanderpl & Zappi. GENOTYPES BASED ON FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452016491 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GREICIELE FARIAS DA SILVEIRA ◽

ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI ◽

TATIANE LEMOS VARELLA ◽

MAURECILNE LEMES DA SILVA CARVALHO ◽

CAROLINA JOANA DA SILVA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Divergence ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Characteristics ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Cluster Methods

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among Passiflora cristalina genotypes and quantify the relative contribution of 30 flower and fruit characteristics, seeking to support the preservation and characterization of genetic resources of the species for preservation and use in future breeding programs. We evaluated 150 fruit and 150 flowers collected in 15 genotypes with naturally occurring in the municipality of Alta Floresta, MT. The characterization of genotypes was performed through 30 morphological characteristics of flowers and fruits, 21 of these for flower and 9 for fruit. Data were evaluated using the principal components and cluster methods obtained by UPGMA method from the similarity matrix (Euclidian mean distance), using the Genes software. By principal component analysis, it has been found that the first three components have absorbed 52.11% of the accumulated variation. The characteristics that most contributed to the discrimination of genotypes were fresh fruit weight, stigma length, length of corona filaments, fruit width, petal width and pulp weight, which are more responsive for the selection of P.cristalina genotypes. Smaller contributions to diversity were obtained from anther width, bract width and fruit length. The smallest contributions for diversity were obtained from the following characteristics: anther width, bract width and fruit length. Through UPGMA clustering method, it was found that there is a large genetic divergence among genotypes analyzed because all genotypes were grouped with over 50% of dissimilarity. This study identified genotypes 4, 5 and 9 as the most divergent and therefore the most suitable for breeding in future breeding programs and genetic conservation of the species.

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