Species as a system within a system

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Leonid Rekovets ◽  
Liudmyla Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Biological Systems ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Alternative Development ◽  
Intraspecific Polymorphism ◽  
Integrated Development ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Nature Development ◽  
Different Levels

The article presents the results of an analytical review of general laws of nature development and their relationships with the laws of biological evolution in terms of general theory of systems and their synergetic manifestation at different levels of organization. The basis of such analysis is the interpretation of the species as a system, as a structure with self-organizing and complicating abilities, as well as a unit of evolutionary diversity and taxonomy. At the same time, as a system, the species occupies an appropriate position in system subordination, in the hierarchy of biological evolution, and in systems of taxonomic division and phylogeny. Its synergistic connections in the system characterize its complexity, functionality, self-organization, and alternative development, which is manifested through saltation, relative balance and constant absorption of energy to organize chaos as a source of order. These characteristics accompany the non-integrated development of biological systems as open and unbalanced by intraspecific polymorphism. Analytical delineation of the species as a system within a system involves defining it as a structure, an element, and a carrier of properties and functions at different organizational (ontogenetic, biocoenotic, and evolutionary) levels of biological systems.

scholarly journals Geometric Effect for Biological Reactors and Biological Fluids

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazusa Beppu ◽  
Ziane Izri ◽  
Yusuke Maeda ◽  
Ryota Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Active Matter ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Motile Cells ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
A Cell

As expressed “God made the bulk; the surface was invented by the devil” by W. Pauli, the surface has remarkable properties because broken symmetry in surface alters the material properties. In biological systems, the smallest functional and structural unit, which has a functional bulk space enclosed by a thin interface, is a cell. Cells contain inner cytosolic soup in which genetic information stored in DNA can be expressed through transcription (TX) and translation (TL). The exploration of cell-sized confinement has been recently investigated by using micron-scale droplets and microfluidic devices. In the first part of this review article, we describe recent developments of cell-free bioreactors where bacterial TX-TL machinery and DNA are encapsulated in these cell-sized compartments. Since synthetic biology and microfluidics meet toward the bottom-up assembly of cell-free bioreactors, the interplay between cellular geometry and TX-TL advances better control of biological structure and dynamics in vitro system. Furthermore, biological systems that show self-organization in confined space are not limited to a single cell, but are also involved in the collective behavior of motile cells, named active matter. In the second part, we describe recent studies where collectively ordered patterns of active matter, from bacterial suspensions to active cytoskeleton, are self-organized. Since geometry and topology are vital concepts to understand the ordered phase of active matter, a microfluidic device with designed compartments allows one to explore geometric principles behind self-organization across the molecular scale to cellular scale. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives of a microfluidic approach to explore the further understanding of biological systems from geometric and topological aspects.

scholarly journals Trust and responsibility: the regional dimension

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Evgeniya A. Kogay
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Sustainable Society ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Trust Relationships ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

The issue of developing strategic trust at different levels of self-organization of territorial communities gains increasing importance in Russia. This article considers trust and responsibility as integral components of forming a sustainable society and implementation of modernization processes. The author turns to the problem of the relationship between these concepts and reveals trends in the dynamics of trust relationships in Russia and its regions. This article relies on the results of comparative sociological and cultural studies in the Tomsk (2015), Kursk (2016), and Tyumen (2016) regions, as well as in Russia overall (2015). The comparison of results from sociological researches shows the characteristics of institutional and interpersonal trust. The author notes that the new challenges to the development of society associated with the tasks of transition to system modernization create an increased demand for strengthening social partnership and the establishment of qualitative and constructive public policy. There is a trend to activate the position of citizens in defending their rights, as well as in helping vulnerable categories of the population. In conclusion, the author shows practical steps of individual regions on the way of creation of solidary society.

Guiding Self-Organization in Systems of Cooperative Mobile Agents

2011 ◽  
pp. 268-290
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rodríguez ◽  
Alexander Grushin ◽  
James A. Reggia
Keyword(s):  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Global Behavior ◽  
System A ◽  
Collective Transport ◽  
Reactive Behavior ◽  
Different Levels

Drawing inspiration from social interactions in nature, swarm intelligence has presented a promising approach to the design of complex systems consisting of numerous, simple parts, to solve a wide variety of problems. Swarm intelligence systems involve highly parallel computations across space, based heavily on the emergence of global behavior through local interactions of components. This has a disadvantage as the desired behavior of a system becomes hard to predict or design. Here we describe how to provide greater control over swarm intelligence systems, and potentially more useful goal-oriented behavior, by introducing hierarchical controllers in the components. This allows each particle-like controller to extend its reactive behavior in a more goal-oriented style, while keeping the locality of the interactions. We present three systems designed using this approach: a competitive foraging system, a system for the collective transport and distribution of goods, and a self-assembly system capable of creating complex 3D structures. Our results show that it is possible to guide the self-organization process at different levels of the designated task, suggesting that self-organizing behavior may be extensible to support problem solving in various contexts.

TiO2 nanoparticle interactions with supported lipid membranes – an example of removal of membrane patches

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (94) ◽  
pp. 91102-91110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Jenny Perez Holmberg ◽  
Zareen Abbas ◽  
Rickard Frost ◽  
Tora Sirkka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticle ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Nanoparticle Interactions ◽  
Nanoparticle Structure ◽  
Supported Lipid Membranes ◽  
Different Levels

Different levels of model systems are needed for effect studies of engineered nanoparticles and the development of nanoparticle structure–activity relationships in biological systems.

5. Robots and artificial life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Life ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Evolutionary Programming ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Big Business ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Self Organizing

Artificial life (A-Life) models biological systems. Like AI, it has both technological and scientific aims. ‘Robots and artificial life’ explains that A-Life is integral to AI, because all the intelligence we know about is found in living organisms. AI technologists turn to biology in developing practical applications of many kinds, including robots, evolutionary programming, and self-organizing devices. Robots are quintessential examples of AI, having high visibility and being hugely ingenious—and very big business, too. Evolutionary AI, although widely used, is less well known. Self-organizing machines are even less familiar. Nevertheless, in the quest to understand self-organization, AI has been as useful to biology as biology has been to AI.

Non-stationary stationarity in systems of third type and philosophy of instability

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Гавриленко ◽  
T. Gavrilenko ◽  
Еськов ◽  
Valeriy Eskov ◽  
Еськов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Stochastic Approach ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Deterministic Approach ◽  
The Third ◽  
Specific Assessment

There are several criteria in science for stationarity (stability) of different dynamical systems. The stationarity in physics, engineering and chemistry is being interpreted as matching the requirements of dx/dt=0, where x=x(t) - is the vector of system’s state, or the equality of distribution functions f(x) for different samples which characterize the system. However, in case of social or biological systems the matching of the requirements is impossible and there is a problem of specific assessment of stationary regimes of complex systems of the third type. The possibility of studying of such systems within the frame of deterministic chaos, stochastic approach and theory of chaos and self-organization is being discussed. This article explains why I.R. Prigogine refused from materialistic (in fact deterministic) approach in the description of such special systems of third type and tried to get away from the traditional science in the description of biological systems.

Symbols as constraints

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Raczaszek-Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Specialized System

The paper draws a parallel between natural language symbols and the symbolic mode in living systems. The inextricability of symbols and the dynamics with which they are functionally related shows that much of their structuring is due to dynamics and self-organization. It is also stressed that important factors that determine the shape of language structure lie outside individual mind/brains and they draw on time-scales quite different from those of phenomenological experience. Analysis of language into units and subsystems is thus not straightforward, since they show functionality on many levels and many time-scales. Finally it is recognized that, as a specific and specialized system of inter-individual coordination, natural language is many hierarchical levels away form simpler forms of information transmission in biological systems.

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