Exploring Poultry Farm Environment for Antibiotic Resistance Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. Having Public Health Significance

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

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The Microflora of Parsley

Journal of Milk and Food Technology ◽

10.4315/0022-2747-39.12.837 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 837-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

F. K. KĂFERSTEIN

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Fecal Contamination ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Health Significance

Commercially available parsley is a heavily contaminated product. The possible public health significance of this observation is discussed. Parsley with the roots intact is also heavily contaminated. However, microorganisms indicative of fecal contamination could be found much less frequently and less numerously. For this reason it is concluded that standards for Escherichia coli and/or D-streptococci might serve as a useful public health precaution.

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Applicability of Phylogenetic Methods for Characterizing the Public Health Significance of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01619-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 1671-1675 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kim Ziebell ◽

Paulina Konczy ◽

Irene Yong ◽

Shelley Frost ◽

Mariola Mascarenhas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽

The Public ◽

Phylogenetic Methods ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Health Significance ◽

Serious Disease

ABSTRACT Two phylogenetic methods (multilocus sequence typing [MLST] and a multiplex PCR) were investigated to determine whether phylogenetic classification of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli serotypes correlates with their classification into groups (seropathotypes A to E) based on their relative incidence in human disease and on their association with outbreaks and serious complications. MLST was able to separate 96% of seropathotype D and E serotypes from those that cause serious disease (seropathotypes A to C), whereas the multiplex PCR lacked this level of seropathotype discrimination.

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Detection of multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. from healthy and diseased broilers having potential public health significance

Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Experimental Therapeutics ◽

10.5455/jabet.2021.d125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 248

Author(s):

Mithun Talukder ◽

Md Islam ◽

Samina Ievy ◽

Md Sobur ◽

Fatimah Ballah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Health Significance ◽

Potential Public Health

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Survival of Escherichia coli in Food at Hot-Holding Temperatures

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-49.7.496 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 496-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

CALEB A. MAKUKUTU ◽

RUFUS K. GUTHRIE

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Population Increase ◽

Food Type ◽

The Public ◽

E Coli ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Health Significance ◽

Holding Temperature

Foods usually served hot were held at various hot-holding temperatures [40°C (104°F) - 60°C (140°F] and were contaminated with fecal Escherichia coli. The contaminated hot foods were held for 1 h at each of the hot-holding temperatures during which the survival of the pathogen in each food type was evaluated. Results showed that E. coli survived hot-holding temperatures in each food type for the whole period of evaluation. A population increase occurred with time at temperatures below 50°C (122°F), while at and above this temperature there was a decrease in population with increasing time in each food type. A two-way analysis of variance using relative rates of increase or decrease (± b) showed food type to be unimportant for survival of the bacteria. A three-way analysis of variance of the same results using mean log CFU/g food showed holding temperature, food type, holding time, and the interactions of temperature and food type; and temperature and time to be significantly important for survival of the bacteria. The public health significance of these findings are discussed.

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Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Milk-Fed Veal Meat from Southern Ontario, Canada

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-495 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 1328-1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

ANGELA COOK ◽

RICHARD J. REID-SMITH ◽

REBECCA J. IRWIN ◽

SCOTT A. McEWEN ◽

VIRGINIA YOUNG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Grocery Stores ◽

Southern Ontario ◽

E Coli ◽

Public Health Significance ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Health Significance

This study estimated the prevalence of Escherichia coli isolates in fresh retail milk-fed veal scallopini pieces obtained from grocery stores in Ontario, Canada. In addition, the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns were examined for points of public health significance. One hundred fifty-three milk-fed veal samples were collected over the course of two sampling phases, January to May 2004 and November 2004 to January 2005. E. coli isolates were recovered from 87% (95% confidence interval, 80.54 to 91.83%) of samples, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted on 392 isolates. The prevalence of resistance to one or more antimicrobials was 70% (274 of 392), while the resistance to five or more antimicrobials was 33% (128 of 392). Resistance to ceftiofur (2.8%), ceftriaxone (3.6%), nalidixic acid (12%), and ciprofloxacin (3.8%) alone or in combination was observed. Eighty-five resistance patterns were observed; resistance to tetracycline only (7.4%) was observed most frequently. Individual antimicrobial resistance prevalence levels were compared with grain-fed veal and retail beef data from samples collected in Ontario. In general, resistance to individual antimicrobials was observed more frequently in E. coli isolates from milk-fed veal than in isolates from grain-fed veal and beef. Resistance to one or more antimicrobials and to five or more antimicrobials in E. coli isolates was more frequent in isolates from milk-fed veal than in isolates from grain-fed veal and beef. This study provides baseline data on the occurrence of resistance in E. coli isolates from milk-fed veal that can be compared with data for other commodities. Additionally, E. coli resistance patterns may serve as an indicator of antimicrobial exposure.

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