scholarly journals History of organic development and implementation Agricultural production

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
I.V. Martyniuk ◽  
Ya.S. Tsimbal ◽  
E.V. Zadubinna
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Rotation Crop

Leaders of the agro-industrial complex of various forms of economic ownership must remember that the Earth is the main bioresource of mankind. Industrial, biological (organic) and ecological systems of agriculture are now introduced. The first in this list is used for 90 % of arable land. As the agricultural sector cannot immediately abandon the industrial system of agriculture, softened options for its biological direction must be developed.The information on development and introduction of systems of organic production in agro-industrial production which was formed in the world and in Ukraine during the last decades is generalized. The dependence of the distribution of organic production on the development of productive forces and production relations is revealed.The organization of ecologically balanced crop rotations with optimal saturation, ratio and location of crops should be soil-ecological approach, which combines all biological factors of agriculture and aims to ensure the rational use of land resources, soil protection and the environment.The structure of short-rotation crop rotations with 100 % saturation with grain crops (winter-wheat peas-corn for spring-barley grain) with the use of organic fertilization systems in conditions of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe was developed, and the study of 3 fundamentally new models was developed and started. crop rotations with saturation of cereals, cereals and legumes (soybean-spring wheat-buckwheat; soybean-spring-wheat millet), which under different fertilizer systems (by-products of predecessors, green manures, biofertilizers and their complexes) will provide a sufficiently high yield of ecological high quality grains will contribute to the gradual growth of natural fertility of chernozems of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.The studied short-rotation crop rotations in the conditions of climate change will ensure the yield of high-quality ecological grain at the level of 3.5-4.5 t/ha of crop rotation area.

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Валерий Чибис ◽  
Valeriy Chibis ◽  
Светлана Чибис ◽  
Svetlana Chibis ◽  
Илья Кутышев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Influence of tillage methods on the water-physical conditions of chernozem typical and winter wheat yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
O.O. Diomkin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Protection Efficiency ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

The article presents the results of three-year studies to determine the effectiveness of local chisel, ultra-deep chisel, chisel conventional and disk tillage when growing winter wheat after fallow in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. It has been established that changing the plowing of local or disking soil tillage leads to an increase in the density and hardness of the arable layer. Solid chisel tillage ensures the agrophysical state of the soil at the level of plowing. Chisel loosening improves the structure of the arable layer due to an increase in the number of water resistance aggregates by 2.5–3.4 % in comparison with plowing. The methods of soil tillage in fallow have little effect on the change in the moisture content of the arable and meter layers, which is facilitated by the accumulation and retention of moisture during the maintenance of fallow. Chisel tillage contributes to an increase in soil protection efficiency of the surface by 5–7 % in comparison with plowing due to the partial preservation of crop residues in the period after harvesting the predecessor to the beginning of summer, improvement of the structure of the upper layer and differentiated redistribution of the root system. The highest level of soil protection efficiency is provided by local chisel loosening. All non-moldboard tillage in fallow contributed to an increase in the yield of wheat grain in comparison with plowing, especially after solid loosening with a chisel plow at 33-35 cm, where an increase in yield was recorded by 0.36 t/ha (9 %). An increase in the level of profitability by 16–25 % makes it possible to recommend chisel local and solid loosening by 33–35 cm in a fallow when growing winter wheat in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Keywords: winter wheat, chisel loosening, local loosening, efficiency, density, hardness, water resistance, yield.

scholarly journals RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS SELECTION IN THE ECOLOGICALLY BALANCED SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURE

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Рафил Шакиров ◽  
Rafil Shakirov ◽  
Закиржан Бикмухаметов ◽  
Zakirzhan Bikmuhametov ◽  
Фидаил Хисамиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Positive Balance

Complex studies were conducted in eight-field grain-steam-crop and grain-steam-tilled crop rotations using the following terms: fertilizer systems, plant protection, basic tillage methods and plastic varieties. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the forest-steppe of the Volga region, on a systemic basis, resource-saving technologies have been developed on the basis of fertile crop rotations in an ecologically balanced, biologized farming system. Agroecological principles of conservation and reproduction of gray forest soil fertility and obtaining a planned harvest of high quality. Experimental substantiation of the role of action and interaction of the main factors of saving technology, in increasing crop productivity of crop rotations, productivity of arable land and soil fertility. Agroeconomic evaluation of the resource-saving technology effectiveness. Crop rotations of leguminous crops and perennial legumes increase the productivity of arable land to 15-20%, provide a positive balance of humus (0.45-0.5 tons per hectare). Organomineralic fertilizer system reduces the need for mineral fertilizers by 2-3 times, ensures the receipt of planned high quality harvest and reproduction of soil fertility. The integrated plant protection system, using biological means and methods, provides a saving of plant protection products to 30-35%, raises productivity to 15-25%. Moisture-resource-saving mode of soil cultivation (mulching various deep loosening without turnover of beds) allows to save 25-35% of fuel and reduce the moisture loss to 35-40%. Complex application of these factors with the use of high-yielding plastic varieties makes resource-saving technology that increases the productivity of cultivated crops and the productivity of arable land by 1.5-2 times, the profitability of production by 30-50% and ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility.

scholarly journals Історія, закономірності та прогнозування масового розмноження основних видів шкідників капусти в Лівобережному Лісостепу України

2013 ◽  
pp. 155-157
Author(s):  
С. В. Пономаренко
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
Cabbage Pests ◽  
Sun Activity

Проаналізовано сучасні погляди на можливість використання екологічних чинників (сонячної активності) для прогнозування масового розмноження популяцій комах-шкідників на прикладі основних шкідників капусти в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України. Враховуючи актуальність прогнозування масового розмноження основних листогризучих шкідників капусти з ряду лускокрилих (совки капустяної (Mamestra brassicacea L.), білана капустяного (Pieris brassicacea L.), виконано ретроспективний аналіз історичних даних про масові розмноження останніх у просторі й часі та розроблено якісний прогноз їх появи на територіїПолтавської області. Modern looks to possibility of the use of ecological factors (sun activity) for prognostication of mass reproduction of populations of insect pests on the example of basic cabbage pests in the conditions of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine are analysed. Taking into account actuality of prognostication of mass reproductions of basic leaf-eating pests of cabbage from the order of Lepidoptera (Mamestra brassicacea L., Pieris brassicacea L.), the retrospective analysis of historical data about mass reproductions of the latter in space and time is done and the high-quality prognosis of their appearance on territory of the Poltava area is developed.

scholarly journals Вплив строків, способів сівби, норм висіву різних сортів сої на її продуктивність

2013 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
М. Я. Шевніков ◽  
О. М. Логвиненко
Keyword(s):  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Technology

Запропоновані основні елементи сортової технології вирощування сої в умовах лівобережної частини Лісостепу України, зокрема строки, способи сівби та норми висіву. Норма висіву більше ніж спосіб сівби впливала на величину врожайності сої. Підвищення норми висіву до 800 тис./га схожих насінин, особливо за сівби в пізні строки, не сприяло суттєвому підвищенню врожаю. Найбільш доцільно сою сіяти звичайним рядковим (15 см) або широкорядним (45 см) способами з нормою висіву 700 тис./га схожих насінин. The basic elements of high quality technology of growing of soy are offered in the conditions of left-bank part of Forest-steppe Ukraine, namely terms, methods of sowing and norm of sowing. Norm of sowing more than method of sowing, influenced on the size of the productivity of soy. Increase of norm of sowing to 800 thousand/ha of germination seed, especially at sowing in late lines, did not assist the substantial increase of the productivity. It is most expediently to sow soy with ordinary string (15 cm) or dotted (45 cm) methods with the norm of sowing 700 thousand/ha of germination seed.

Dynamics of mobile potassium in typical black soil in short-term crop rotations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (93) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
D.V. Litvinov
Keyword(s):  
Black Soil ◽  
Direct Application ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Rotation Crop

Changes in the content of the exchange potassium of the soil in the system of short-rotation crop rotations depending on the saturation and placement of crops in them was shown their intensification (fertilizer system). Quantitative changes in exchangeable potassium in soil during vegetation of plants hanges depend not only on their consumption by plants, but also on the intake of potassium from organic compounds into the soil solution. In particular, direct application of 20-40 t / ha manure together with N60-100P40-100K60-100 for row crops, provides a high content of exchangeable potassium: after the cultivation of corn - 110-140 mg / kg, sugar beet - 140-200, sunflower - 130-220 mg / kg. The lowest content (70-80 mg / kg) of exchangeable potassium was observed in all fields of control crop rotation (without fertilization), where potassium of the soil and root residues of the cultivated crops served as a source of potassium for plants. Also in most fields after harvesting barley spring (100-120 mg / kg), for applying under the culture of N60P40K60.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF SPRING WHEAT GRAIN PRODUCTION AT DIFFERENT PRICES OF REALIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
Виктор Синещеков ◽  
Viktor Sineschekov ◽  
Надежда Васильева ◽  
Nadezhda Vasil'eva ◽  
Елена Дудкина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Minimal Processing ◽  
Depth Processing ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article presents the results of research on the economic efficiency of the production of spring wheat grain at different selling prices. They were obtained in the fields of grain-crop crop rotation, depending on the tillage systems on different chemicalization backgrounds in the multifactorial stationary field experiment in the Siberian Federal Agrobiotechnology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the territory of the OPKh “Elitnoe” Novosibirsk region (central forest-steppe subzone). It has been established that with the realizable value of grain of 7 and 8 thousand rubles per ton, this crop can be successfully grown only according to the steam precursor and mainly on an extensive background. As a predecessor in this case, the early minimum pair is most preferable, black pairs with flat-cut strip depth processing and with minimal processing, in which the profitability of grain production was 75.8%, 69.2 and 67.9% at 7 thousand rubles per ton and 100.9%, 93.4 and 91.8% with 8 thousand rubles per ton respectively. In other cases, at such rates for the grain predecessor on all chemicalization backgrounds, the cultivation of wheat was unprofitable, except for the option of plowing against an extensive background, where it was reasonable to grow wheat for the grain predecessor only at 8 thousand rubles per ton. With a realizable value of wheat of 10 thousand rubles per ton, it is economically advantageous to grow this crop both in pairs and in the grain precursor on the chemicalization backgrounds under study. At such prices, the profit from the sale of grain on an extensive background for the grain predecessor was the highest for plowing - 4355.59 rubles per hectare, significantly less in the variants with soil protection treatments (2645.47-3745.02 rubles per hectare) and “zero” treatment - 2865.65 rubles per hectare. Against an intensive background, high rates of profit were noted in the variant with flat-cut strip depth processing (9091.70 rubles per hectare), for other treatments it was less and varied from 6519.93 to 7223.43 rubles per hectare. The maximum economic effect was obtained from the cultivation of wheat for a couple, where the profit on an extensive background was 16,832.68 rubles per hectare, and on an intensive background - 12894.56 rubles per hectare with current prices for fuels and lubricants and pesticides.

scholarly journals PROTEIN AND ITS FRACTIONAL COMPOSITION IN GRAIN OF SPRING WHEATDEPENDING ON TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND WEED INFESTATION OF CROPS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Наталья Бакаева ◽  
Natalya Bakaeva ◽  
Ольга Салтыкова ◽  
Olga Saltykova
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Middle Volga Region

The purpose of research is improvement of biochemical parameters of spring wheat grain quality. The studies were conducted in 2007-2010 in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region. The object of the study was the released varieties of Kinelskaya 59 spring soft wheat grain. The soil of experimental plot is typical chernozem medium loamy, medium. Spring wheat was placed in crop rotation and green manure with clean steam. In crop rotations the following fertilizer were used: no fertilizer application (control) and application N22P22K22 before sowing (azofoska of 1.4 t/ha). Spring wheat crops in 2007 were treated in tillering stage with herbicide Difezan (0.2 l/ha); in 2008 – in the phase of tillering herbicide Logran (10 g/ha). In crop rotations in three different systems of primary tillage were studied. Found that in crop rotation with bare fallow total protein content was little more than link with green manure and steam amounted to an average of 12.7 percent. This was contributed to the increase in the protein fractions of wheat globulins by more than 5% of glutelins more than 9 percent. Thus, when plowing by 20-22 cm increased the accumulation fraction of that prolamins, and fertilizing (N22P22K22) contributed more knock-tunately fractions albumins an average of more than 6% and globulins by 16%, which led to an increase in total protein more than 5% compared to zero tillage. Depending on the subtype of clogging of crops in crop rotation and green manure with clean steam fractional composition of grain increased in the variant without weeds. The fraction of albumin was higher on average by 13%, globulins 11%, glutelins 21%, and the fraction of Pro-laminam has changed slightly. Young and perennial subtypes clogging of the wheat crops reduced the protein content on average by 7-9% in comparison with the variant without weeds.

scholarly journals Corn productivity for grain in the short-rotary cultivation of the left bank forest-steppe depending on the fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Tsimbal ◽  
P.I. Boiko ◽  
I.V. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The aim of the research is to establish the influence of the structure, set and placement of field crops in a 4-field crop rotation for 100 % grain saturation on the overall productivity, yield and quality of corn grain in particular.The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area.Varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops entered into the State Register were sown in the experiment. Chemical plant protection products were used for the production of competitive commodity products of cereals.The results of studies conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly show that for highly specialized farms the most rational in this area are 4-field crop rotations. saturation with grain crops (winter wheat peas-corn for spring barley grain) using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers), mineral (with the introduction of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)). The grain yield of corn depended on the fertilizer system and was in the range of 5.86–8.30 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area for harvesting from 1 ha of arable land with corn for grain in 4-field crop rotation was: grain – 4.54–6.29 tons, fodder units –7.48–10.47 tons; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing corn for grain in short-rotation crop rotation, depending on the fertilizer system, is: relatively net profit – 16.04–21.34 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability –112 –180 %.

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