Effects of Aerobic Exercise Concurrent with Caffeine Supplementation on Weight and Body Fat Among Overweight Women

Background: Obesity and overweight are among serious global epidemics that significantly threaten human health, especially among women. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the concurrent effects of 6-week caffeine supplementation with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on weight and body fat among overweight women. Methods: Thirty overweight females (age: 36.47 ± 6.48 years; BMI: 27.61 ± 1.54 kg/m2; mean ± SD) with a sedentary lifestyle were recruited to the study. The participants were randomly allocated to the experimental group, EC (exercise + caffeine) group, who took 100 milligrams of caffeine of the “API” brand supplement 30 minutes before exercise training (n = 15) or control group, EP (exercise + placebo) (n = 15). All participants performed moderate-intensity aerobic exercise with an intensity of 40 to 60% of heart rate reserve based on the individual's exercise test for 30 minutes, three days a week for six weeks. Measurements, including the percentage of body fat, waist circumference, and skinfold (suprailiac, abdominal), were done two times, at baseline and after six weeks of exercising. Results: There were no significant differences between control and experimental groups related to weight (P = 0.22), percentage body fat (P = 0.88), and other measurements after six weeks. Conclusions: 6 weeks of caffeine supplementation combined with moderate-intensity aerobic exercise without dietary interventions couldn’t make a significant reduction in weight and central or total body fat among overweight women.

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Effectiveness of a Singaporean Community-Based Physical Activity and Nutrition Intervention: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1177/1010539520977311 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 101053952097731

Author(s):

Elaine Yee-Sing Wong ◽

Anthony P. James ◽

Andy H. Lee ◽

Jonine Jancey

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Fat ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Health Resources ◽

Nutrition Intervention ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Motivational Support

This study examined the effectiveness of a 6-month intervention to improve the health behaviors and outcomes among women aged 50 years and older. A sample of 580 (intervention n = 295; control n = 285) women was recruited from 26 recreational centers. Only the intervention group participated in the Singapore Physical Activity (PA) and Nutrition Study (SPANS), received health resources (calendar, recipe, and booklets) and motivational support from program ambassadors. The intervention group showed significant improvements in moderate-intensity PA, vigorous-intensity PA, and total PA ( P < .001), increased intake frequency of fruit and vegetables ( P = .049), a reduction in salt and sugary beverage intake ( P ≤ .042), and reductions in systolic blood pressure (BP; −3.68 mm Hg), diastolic BP (−3.54 mm Hg), and percentage body fat (−2.13%; P ≤ .020) when compared with the control group. The SPANS appeared to be efficacious in improving PA and dietary behaviors, reducing BP and percentage body fat among Singaporean women.

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Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Viral Load Count among People Living with HIV/ AIDS in Nekemte, Ethiopia

Medical & Clinical Research ◽

10.33140/mcr.03.07.05 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Published Data ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Hiv Aids

Background: Literature consistently shows a dearth of published data from developing countries on the effect of exercise for HIV infected persons. Objective: The study was aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercises on viral load among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia, Nekemte. Methods: In this randomized clinical controlled trial, 58 volunteered participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Baseline values of the variables were determined. Experimental group participated in moderate intensity aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, whereas the control group was encouraged to continue usual ART and the usual day to day work. For both CG and EG groups, viral load count was made twice, before and after intervention. The results: Mean age of the participants were (34.66 + 4.56) and (38.1+ 4.90) of control and experimental groups respectively. Baseline of experimental group and control group had show insignificant (p=0.20). After exercise, pre post of exercise group show statistically significant differences (p=0.01) but control group insignificant pre-post (p=0.21). Conclusion: Viral load of PLWHIV/AIDS who participated in the 12 weeks aerobic exercise were more decreased than the control group.

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Benefits of adding stretching to a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme in women with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/0269215519893107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 242-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miguel Gómez-Hernández ◽

Tomás Gallego-Izquierdo ◽

Patricia Martínez-Merinero ◽

Daniel Pecos-Martín ◽

Alejandro Ferragut-Garcías ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Quality Index ◽

Analogue Scale ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽

Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire ◽

Exercise Programme ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Experimental Group

Objective: To investigate the effects of adding stretching to a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme in women with fibromyalgia. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Subjects: Sixty-four female patients who were diagnosed with fibromyalgia syndrome based on the American College of Rheumatology criteria were recruited (mean age: 54.27 ± 6.94 years). Interventions: The control group ( n = 32) underwent supervised moderate-intensity cycling (50%–70% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate) three times per week for 12 weeks. The experimental group ( n = 32) underwent the same exercise programme plus a stretching programme once per week for 12 weeks. Main measures: The main measures of this study were sleep quality assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life assessed by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, and pain perception assessed by the visual analogue scale at baseline, after 4 weeks, and after 12 weeks. Results: The experimental group experienced significant improvements at 4-week measure compared with control group: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( P < 0.001); Epworth Sleepiness Scale ( P = 0.002); Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (0.93 ± 7.39, P < 0.001); and visual analogue scale (0.52 ± 0.05, P < 0.001). Also at 12-week measure, experimental group experienced significant improvements compared with control group: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ( P < 0.001), Epworth Sleepiness Scale ( P < 0.001); Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (1.15 ± 9.11, P < 0.001); and visual analogue scale (0.81 ± 0.62, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Adding stretching to a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme increased sleep quality, decreased the impact of fibromyalgia on the quality of life, and reduced pain compared with just a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise programme in our sample of women with fibromyalgia.

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Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of Acupoints Changes Body Composition and Heart Rate Variability in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nep145 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Li-Wei Chien ◽

Miao-Hsiang Lin ◽

Hsueh-Yu Chung ◽

Chi-Feng Liu

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Body Fat ◽

Control Group ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Frequency Domain Methods ◽

Experimental Group

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electric acupoint stimulations (TEAS) on body composition and heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal women with obesity. In this prospective study, 49 postmenopausal women were recruited in Taiwan. Body composition was used as a screening test for obesity (percentage body fat > 30%, waist circumference > 80 cm). The experimental group (n= 24) received TEAS treatment 30 min twice per week for 12 weeks at the Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) acupoints. The control group (n= 25) did not receive any intervention. The study of HRV was analyzed by time (standard deviation of the normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN) and square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) indices) and frequency domain methods. Power spectral components were obtained at low (LF) and high (HF) frequencies. Body composition and HRV values were measured at the 4th, 8th, and 12th weeks. A total of 40 subjects completed this study. Waist circumference and percentage body fat in the experimental group (n= 20) were significantly less than those of the control group (n= 20) at the 8th and 12th weeks (allP< .05). Additionally, at the same time points, percentage lean body mass in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group (P< .05). SDNN values increased significantly at the 4th and 8th weeks when compared with the control group (allP< .05). At 12 weeks, SDNN value was not significantly different from that of the control group (P= .105). TEAS treatment improves body composition, and has a transient effect on the HRV in postmenopausal women with obesity.

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EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION OF OVERWEIGHT FEMALE; INSPIRING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TO PRACTICE AND RECEIVE MORE ADVANTAGEOUS WAY OF LIFE

sportlogia ◽

10.5550/sgia.201601.en.nkpas ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 110-125

Author(s):

Razia Nawaz ◽

◽

Wasim Khan ◽

Ratko Pavlović ◽

Tasleem Arif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Body Fat ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Post Test ◽

Female Aging ◽

The Mean ◽

Experimental Group

The purpose of this study aimed to look at assessing the effects of aerobic exercise on body composition of overweight female aging 22-27 years.A sample of n=30 (thirty) overweight female aging 22-27 years in District Tonsa (Punjab), Pakistan were included as subject. A four (04) week exercise protocol was prepared and used among females of the experimental group. The experimental group was subjected to measure the anthropometric as well as 3- site skin fold measurements. The data regarding pre and post-test of both groups-control and experimental were carefully recorded and entered into the computer for analyses. For this purpose, both descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Independent Samples t-Test and Paired Samples t-Test) were used for analyzing the data. The analyzed data established that the mean score of (EG) in pre and post-test were found as 28.66 and 23.5. The t-value of the table is 5.022 and P-value is 0.001 which is lower than the significant level (P<0.05). Therefore, it is concluded that the difference between Pre and Post-test of Control Group has shown the significant effects of aerobic exercises on body fat percentage of overweight females. According to the analyzed data the mean value of Post-tests regarding body fat percentage of Control Group were 28.89 and Experimental Group was 23.5. The P-value 0.002 and t-value -987 in the table depict the significant statistical difference between the two means of Control and Experimental Group in Body Mass Index (P<0.05).The results of the study indicated that the four weeks’ aerobic exercise protocol has a significant effect on overweight females in the perspective of decreasing their body fat percentage. Based on the findings, the researcher recommended that more and more involved in physical activity and exercise among female folk may be ensured.

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L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000187 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eun Y. Jung ◽

Sung C. Jun ◽

Un J. Chang ◽

Hyung J. Suh

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fat Body ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Skinfold Thickness ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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Sex differences in leptin and cardiometabolic profile after exercise intervention in physically inactive adults with primary hypertension and obesity

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

SMM Maldonado-Martin ◽

PC Corres ◽

AMAB Martinezaguirre-Betolaza ◽

BJI Jurio-Iriarte ◽

MTE Tous-Espelosin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Body Mass ◽

Primary Hypertension ◽

Public Institution ◽

Hypocaloric Diet ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Control Group ◽

Physically Inactive

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): University of the Basque Country OnBehalf GIKAFIT PURPOSES. To analyse the change on leptin, body composition, blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and some biochemical parameters in physically inactive women and men with primary hypertension (HTN) and obesity, and to evaluate the potential sex differences in the change after intervention. METHODS. Participants (n = 37 women, n= 40 men, 52.9 ± 6.9 yrs) from the EXERDIET-HTA study were randomized into attention control group (physical activity recommendations) or one of three supervised aerobic exercise groups [two days/week: high-volume (HV) with 45 min of moderate-intensity continuous training, HV and high-intensity interval training (HV-HIIT), and low volume-HIIT (LV-HIIT, 20 min)]. All participants received the same hypocaloric diet. All variables were assessed pre and post intervention (16 weeks). 24 h ambulatory BP monitoring was used to analyze systolic and diastolic BP. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). RESULTS. Following the intervention, there were increments (P < 0.01) in CRF by VO2peak (Women, W = 21.1 ± 3.7 vs. 24.6 ± 4.4 mL·kg-1·min-1, Men, M = 26.3 ± 6.0 vs. 33.1 ± 10.2 mL·kg-1·min-1) and decreases (P < 0.05) in leptin (W = 49.5 ± 23.0 vs. 41.8 ± 19.9 ng/mL, M = 20.5 ± 14.8 vs. 12.9 ± 18.6 ng/mL), body mass (W = 84.7 ± 12.1 vs. 80.3 ± 11.5 kg, M = 97.9 ± 14.4 vs. 91.5 ± 13.3 kg), waist perimeter (W = 97.3 ± 10.7 vs. 94.3 ± 10.9 cm, M = 107.9 ± 8.7 vs. 101.5 ± 7.9 cm), fat mass (W = 42.3 ± 5.1 vs. 38.6 ± 8.4 %, M = 31.2 ± 5.0 vs. 28.0 ± 4.4 %), systolic BP (M = 136.5 ± 12.1 vs. 129.3 ± 12.5 mmHg), diastolic BP (W = 76.2 ± 8.9 vs. 74.1 ± 8.7 mmHg, M = 79.3 ± 7.2 vs. 75.0 ± 8.2 mmHg), total cholesterol (M = 216.1 ± 44.5 vs. 196.1 ± 35.0 mg/dL), insulin (W = 13.4 ± 7.9 vs. 9.4 ± 4.2 mU/L) values. There were significant between-sex differences in body mass (W=-5.2%, M=-6.5%, effect size, ES = 0.073), waist circumference (W=-3.1%, M=-5.9%, ES = 0.114), and VO2peak (W = 14.2%, M = 20.5%, ES = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS. Aerobic exercise along with hypocaloric diet is an effective non-pharmacological tool to induce beneficial changes in women and men in BP and leptin as a mediator of obesity-induced HTN, and other regulatory mechanisms such as body composition, CRF and biochemical profile. The found sex-related differences could confirm the need of individual non-pharmacological strategies.

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Effects of a 14-Day Hydration Intervention on Individuals with Habitually Low Fluid Intake

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000515375 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron R. Caldwell ◽

Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell ◽

Carson Keeter ◽

Evan C. Johnson ◽

François Péronnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Total Body Water ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Body Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Intervention Phase ◽

Total Body ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Debate continues over whether or not individuals with low total water intake (TWI) are in a chronic fluid deficit (i.e., low total body water) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. When women with habitually low TWI (1.6 ± 0.5 L/day) increased their fluid intake (3.5 ± 0.1 L/day) for 4 days 24-h urine osmolality decreased, but there was no change in body weight, a proxy for total body water (TBW) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. In a small (n = 5) study of adult men, there were no observable changes in TBW, as measured by bioelectrical impedance, after increasing TWI for 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. However, body weight increased and salivary osmolality decreased indicating that the study may have been underpowered to detect changes in TBW. Further, no studies to date have measured changes in blood volume (BV) when TWI is increased. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individuals with habitually low fluid intake and determine if increasing TWI, for 14 days, resulted in changes in TBW or BV. Methods: In order to identify individuals with low TWI, 889 healthy adults were screened. Participants with a self-reported TWI less than 1.8 L/day (men) or 1.2 L/day (women), and a 24-h urine osmolality greater than 800 mOsm were included in the intervention phase of the study. For the intervention phase, 15 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 8 participants were assigned to the control group. The intervention period lasted for 14 days and consisted of 2 visits to our laboratory: one before the intervention (baseline) and 14 days into the intervention (14-day follow-up). At these visits, BV was measured using a CO-rebreathe procedure and deuterium oxide (D2O) was administered to measure TBW. Urine samples were collected immediately prior, and 3–8 h after the D2O dose to allow for equilibration. Prior to each visit, participants collected 24-h urine to measure 24-h hydration status. After the baseline visit, the experimental group increased their TWI to 3.7 L for males and 2.7 L for females in order to meet the current Institute of Medicine recommendations for TWI. Results: Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality decreased (−438.7 ± 362.1 mOsm; p < 0.001) and urine volume increased (1,526 ± 869 mL; p < 0.001) in the experimental group from baseline, while there were no differences in osmolality (−74.7 ± 572 mOsm; p = 0.45), or urine volume (−32 ± 1,376 mL; p = 0.89) in the control group. However, there were no changes in BV (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>a) or changes in TBW (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>b) in either group. Conclusions: Increasing fluid intake in individuals with habitually low TWI increases 24-h urine volume and decreases urine osmolality but does not result in changes in TBW or BV. These findings are in agreement with previous work indicating that TWI interventions lasting 3 days [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] to 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] do not result in changes in TBW. Current evidence would suggest that the benefits of increasing TWI are not related changes in TBW.

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Influence of Tobacco on Physical Fitness Recovery of College Students After Sports

Tobacco Regulatory Science ◽

10.18001/trs.7.5.1.121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 3445-3451

Author(s):

Chen Yake

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Control Group ◽

Exercise Time ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Group I ◽

The Difference ◽

Experimental Group

Objectives: In this paper, the effects of tobacco on aerobic exercise ability and physical fitness recovery of college students were studied. Methods: University group sports intervention form: traditional characteristic project (basketball) + Taiji soft ball (R&D intervention project). Exercise time: 3 times/week; Activity duration: 30min; Activity intensity: the heart rate is controlled at 120-140 beats/min. All the college students in the experimental group are students who have never smoked, and the college students in the control group are students who have smoked for more than two years. The other conditions are the same. Results: The exercise time and endurance of experimental groups I and II were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the cardiopulmonary function was significantly lower than that of the control group. The indexes of experimental group II changed significantly compared with experimental group I, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Cigarette smoke can significantly reduce the aerobic exercise ability and anti fatigue ability. The longer the smoking time, the more serious the adverse effects. Therefore, tobacco smoke and nicotine will damage college students’ aerobic exercise ability and have a negative impact on the recovery of physical fitness after exercise.

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Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.4.e546 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (4) ◽

pp. E546-E550 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

C. N. Boozer ◽

G. Schoenbach ◽

R. L. Atkinson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Adult Male ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Mesenteric Fat ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

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