scholarly journals EFFECTS OF WEANING SYSTEM ON MILK AND EXTERNAL MAMMARY CONFORMATION TRAITS OF SICILO-SARDE TUNISIAN DAIRY EWE

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hania HAMDI ◽  
Rafik ALOULOU ◽  
Pierre-Guy MARNET ◽  
Youssef M’SADAK
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Selection Program ◽  
Machine Milking

A better development of the Sicilo-Sarde dairy sheep in Tunisia needs a review of its behavior by adopting early weaning and generalizing mechanical milking that involves an adaptation of the external mammary morphology (MM). Thirty ewes were divided into two groups (early and late weaning; EW and LW respectively) to study the effects of weaning system (WS) and milking time (MT) on milk and external MM traits in early milking period. MM was evaluated by six measurements and three scores of udder and teat. EW group had higher milk production (MP) and lower fat and protein amounts that increased with MT advancement (P0.001). WS did not affect MM traits (P>0.05), only teat length was higher for LW ewes (P0.05). Udder depth, teat diameter, distance between teats and teat angle score decreased with MT (P0.01). Significant interactions were noted between WS and MT for most traits studied. MP was negatively correlated with fat and protein amounts (-0.38 and -0.50 respectively) and moderately correlated with udder depth, cistern height, teat diameter (from 0.31 to 0.42). Fat and protein had negative correlation with udder depth, teat diameter and distance between teats. Higher correlation was determined between udder depth and distance between teats (r=0.60; P0.001). In conclusion, EW system allows a better start of the milk production in early milking period. Cistern height, teat length and teat angle score are the prominent traits which affect milk ability and adaptation of ewe to machine milking and consequently they must be included in selection program.

scholarly journals Characterization of the PRNP gene locus in Chios dairy sheep and its association with milk production and reproduction traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Psifidi ◽  
Z. Basdagianni ◽  
C. I. Dovas ◽  
G. Arsenos ◽  
E. Sinapis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Gene Locus ◽  
Prnp Gene ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Reproduction Traits

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEM OF THE MILK PRODUCTION PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
V.T. Dmytriv ◽  
I.V. Dmytriv ◽  
I.M. Horodetskyy ◽  
P.P. Yatsunskyi
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
General View ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Self Tuning ◽  
Maximum Reliability ◽  
Functional Content

The basic principles of adaptation of machine milking technical system to the physiology of milk ejection of cows are considered. Main adaptation parameters and conditions of the technical system are grounded, under these parameters and conditions the self-tuning of technical system is possible. The structure of modules of adaptive cyber-physical control system of machine milking is developed, its functionalities are revealed, the method of coordination between discreteness of measurement of information and the quantization period is developed to ensure maximum reliability of the information. The memory size of the operational information about the process parameters is justified, as well as their structure and functional content. Functional content and structure of information about the technological process of the database is formulated. The general view of the main elements of the adaptive cyber-physical system of cows milking is given, as well as the results of work of the experimental adaptive cyber-physical system of the milk production.

A note on the relationship between the rate of machine-milking and milk production of Ayrshire heifers

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Castle ◽  
R. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Peak Flow Rate ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Direct Measures

SUMMARYRecords of milking rate, milk yield and milk composition were collected over 12 yr from 123 Ayrshire heifers in their first lactation in one herd. Three direct measures of milking rate, i.e. peak flow rate, machine rate and overall rate were closely correlated and each was also correlated with total lactation yield of milk. Milking rate accounted for only a very small part of the variation in fat and total solids percentages. The mean yield of milk per milking in early lactation was a better predictor of total lactation yield than was milking rate but, among animals giving the same early lactation yield of milk, the faster milkers gave higher lactation yields than the slower milkers.

Comparison of weigh-suckle-weigh and machine milking for measuring ewe milk production.

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 2330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M E Benson ◽  
M J Henry ◽  
R A Cardellino
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Machine Milking

Effect of stimulation intensity on oxytocin release before, during and after machine milking

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Weiss ◽  
Alen Dzidic ◽  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Oxytocin Release ◽  
Stimulation Period ◽  
Stimulation Of

Release of oxytocin (OT) is essential for milk ejection in dairy cows (Lefcourt & Akers, 1983; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1998). During milk ejection, alveolar milk is shifted into the cistern, which causes an increase of intracisternal pressure (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). To initiate maximum milk ejection at the start of milking, increasing OT concentration beyond a threshold level is sufficient (Schams et al. 1983). Increasing OT concentration beyond this threshold has no additional effect on intracisternal pressure, i.e., milk ejection (Bruckmaier et al. 1994). Stimulatory effects of milking by hand or by machine or by suckling are well documented (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995; Tancin et al. 1995; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). At the start of milking, stimulatory effects of machine milking without pre-stimulation or with a manual pre-stimulation and subsequent machine milking cause the release of comparable amounts of OT (Gorewit & Gassman, 1985; Mayer et al. 1985; Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996), whereas the timing of the applied pre-stimulation is important for the shape of the milk flow curve. Should the pre-stimulation period be too short, or absent altogether, the start of the main milk flow is delayed resulting in a bimodal milk flow profile (Bruckmaier & Blum, 1996). Furthermore, the stimulation of only one teat causes an OT release similar to that caused by stimulation of all four teats (Bruckmaier et al. 2001). However, milk production is greater for hand milking or suckling than for machine milking, possibly owing to higher OT concentrations (Gorewit et al. 1992; Bar-Peled et al. 1995).

Variability of reduced glutathione levels in Massese ewes and its effect on daily milk production

1988 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Rizzi ◽  
Anna Caroli ◽  
Patrizia Bolla ◽  
Anna Acciaioli ◽  
Giulio Pagnacco
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Glutathione Level ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Erythrocyte Concentration ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk

SummaryThe variability of the erythrocyte concentration of the tripeptide glutathione was studied in four flocks of Massese sheep. A relationship was found between glutathione level and stage of lactation in which the second month showed the lowest content. Genotype at transferrin and haemoglobin loci was associated with glutathione levels. Homozygotes at the transferrin locus yielded higher levels, while the D allele at the same locus was associated with lower concentrations. Animals with haemoglobin AA showed higher contents of glutathione. Also, a negative correlation was found between daily milk production and glutathione level.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTIVE-REGIME PARAMETERS OF VARIABLE RUBBER OF VARIABLE SECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Hrytsun ◽  
Ihor Babyn
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engineering Calculation ◽  
Vacuum Pressure ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Vibration Effect ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milking Machine

Domestic and foreign industries do not produce milking machines that would fully comply with the physiology of animals. Full milking of the udder and reduction of cows with ma-stit significantly depends on the operation of the milking machine. The quality of serial milking cups does not fully meet modern zootechnical requirements. In the process of their work, especially at the beginning and at the end of milking cows, "idle" milking can take place at nominal vacuum. Milking at high vacuum often irritates the teat sphincter, which often causes mastitis in animals, followed by cancer. Also, along with the growth of milk production, its quality is extremely important. The main technical solutions for milking machines with controlled change of vacuum pressure are analyzed. Some theoretical and experimental studies of the milking machine, which provides a reduction of the vacuum load on the udder and a rigid vibration effect on the teat sphincter at nominal vacuum in the process of machine milking cows. Despite the many known solutions to improve the milking machine, the task of creating a design that combines high productivity and stimulation of the reflex remains relevant. Designs of milking machines are now being improved mainly in two directions, namely - the development of milking machines that allow you to adjust the operating parameters depending on the level of milk yield and design improvements of milking machines that stimulate the milk reflex without causing the animal negative effects. Theoretical studies of the working process of machine milking allowed to systematize the method of engineering calculation of the milking machine with controlled mode of vacuum pressure on the teats of the cow and to determine the optimal design parameters of the executive mechanisms. The obtained analytical expressions characterize the influence of their parameters and mode of operation on the dynamics of milk production during machine milking of cows.

scholarly journals Dairy Sheep and Goat Farmers: Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Their Associations with Health Management and Performance on Farms

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
George C. Fthenakis
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Education ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
The Mean

The objectives were to determine the socio-demographic profiles of small ruminant dairy farmers and to study associations with management practices, production outcomes and health parameters on their farms. In total, 325 sheep flocks and 119 goat herds across Greece were included in the study and visited for collection of information. Socio-demographic characteristics of the dairy farmers and details of management practices, production outcomes and health parameters on their farms were recorded. For the analysis of results, multivariable models were created using mixed-effects logistic regression, with farms as the random effect. Most dairy farmers were male (93.2%), most were full-time professionals in farming (89.4%) and most had a farming family tradition (86.9%). The mean age was 47.0 years and the mean farming experience was 24.3 years. For 17.3% of the farmers, the highest level of education received was primary education, for 54.3% it was secondary education, for 16.4% it was post-secondary vocational training and for 12.0% it was tertiary education. In 35.4% of dairy farms, external farm workers were employed. Of the socio-demographic characteristics, farming experience was associated with geographical location of farms, management system, breed of animals, application of quarantine measures, laboratory evaluation of feedstuffs, ultrasonographic examination for pregnancy diagnosis, application of vaccination against clostridial infections, means of calculation of bodyweight for drug administration to animals, maintenance of colostrum bank, number of annual veterinary visits, annual milk production per animal, number of newborns and somatic cell counts and total bacterial counts in milk. Further, the employment of external farm workers on the farm was associated with management system, machine-milking, number and breed of animals, application of quarantine measures, laboratory evaluation of feedstuffs, ultrasonographic examination for pregnancy diagnosis, number of annual veterinary visits, annual milk production per animal, protein content in milk and number of newborns. The findings indicate that dairy sheep/goat farming is still a family-driven business, but, nevertheless, there are now younger people among these farmers, many of them with post-secondary education. Socio-demographic characteristics may influence the management practices applied, which in turn can have consequences for production and health results of the farms.

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