Early mechanical stimulation of the nipple-areola receptors complex promotes the mammary milk ejection function in women delivered by cesarean section

Mechanical stimulation and milk ejection from mammary gland in women delivered by caesarean section since 1 day post partum by the breastpump with vacuum and compression stimuli promotes milk ejection function. On the third day postpartum the stimulated mothers had significantly more milk flow reflex peaks than those who were not subjected to stimulation during the 10 min milk ejection session.

Literatur Review : Hubungan Pemberian Inisiasi Menyusu Dini (IMD) Dengan Kelancaran Pengeluaran Asi

The infant mortality rate in Indonesia is still high at 24 per 100 live births. One of the causes is infection. Infection can by prevented by controling breast milk because breast milk contains colostrum which is able to maintain the baby’s immune system. The introduction of breastfeeding begins with early initiation of breastfeeding. The coverage of newsborn in Indonesia in 2019 who received early intiation of breastfeeding was 75,58%.The purpose of this study was to determine the between early initiation of breastfeeding and the smooth production of breast milk throught the Literature Review.This reserch is a quantitive research through Literature Review. The articles were obtained from three articles from articles from Garuda Portal which is a critical review of the JBI instrument written by The Joanna Briggs Institute. The results of this study indicate a relationship between the provion of early intitiation og breastfeeding with the smooth discharge of breast milk with p value <0,05 (0,000-0,029).There is a corelation between the previsions of early initiation of breastfeeding the smoothness is producing breast milk.Keywords :giving early initiation of breastfeeding ( IMD), breast milk flow AbstrakAngka kematian bayi di Indonesia masih tinggi yaitu 24 per 1000 kelahiran hidup. Salah satu penyebabnya yaitu infeksi. Infeksi dapat dicegah dengan pengendalian ASI karena didalam ASI mengandung kolostrum yang mampu menjaga daya tahan tubuh bayi. Pengenalan Asi dimulai dengan inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD).Cakupan bayi baru lahir di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 yang mendapatkan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini ( IMD) yaitu 75,58. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian Inisiasi Menyusu Dini dengan kelancaran Pengeluaran ASI melalui Literatur Review. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian kuantitatif melalui Literature Review. Artikel didapatkan dari Searh Ergine Google scholar tiga dan Portal Garuda dua telaah kritis instrument JBI The Joanna Briggs Institute .Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pemberian inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) dengan kelancaran pengeluaran ASI dengan p value<0,05 (0,000-0,029).Terdapat hubungan antara pemberian inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) dengan kelancaran pengeluaran ASI.Kata kunci: Pemberian IMD ; Kelancaran Pengeluaran ASI.

Association between Udder and Quarter Level Indicators and Milk Somatic Cell Count in Automatic Milking Systems

Automatic Milking Systems (AMS) record a lot of information, at udder and quarter level, which can be useful for improving the early detection of altered udder health conditions. A total of 752,000 records from 1003 lactating cows milked with two types of AMS in four farms were processed with the aim of identifying new indicators, starting from the variables provided by the AMS, useful to predict the risk of high milk somatic cell count (SCC). Considering the temporal pattern, the quarter vs. udder percentage difference in milk electrical conductivity showed an increase in the fourteen days preceding an official milk control higher than 300,000 SCC/mL. Similarly, deviations over time in quarter vs. udder milk yield, average milk flow, and milking time emerged as potential indicators for high SCC. The Logistic Analysis showed that Milk Production Rate (kg/h) and the within-cow within-milking percentage variations of single quarter vs. udder milk electrical conductivity, milk yield, and average milk flow are all risk factors for high milk SCC. The result suggests that these variables, alone or in combination, and their progression over time could be used to improve the early prediction of risk situations for udder health in AMS milked herds.

Risk Factors of Forced Take-Off in Dairy Cows Milked Three Times per Day in A Rotary Milking Parlor: A Case Control Study

The aims of the research were to: (1) describe a protocol for the identification of cows that are subjected repeatedly to a forced retraction event at the end of milking; (2) study risk factors of repeated forced take-off (RFTO); and (3) assess the average milk flow rate at which the forced retraction event occurred. In a retrospective study, we collected milk flow data over a 1-week period from a 4300-cow dairy with a rotary milking parlor and a thrice-daily milking schedule. We identified 109 cases of RFTO and 2467 controls. A multivariable logistic regression model revealed associations of parity, stage of lactation, average daily milk production, and milking speed with RFTO. Cows in parity 3 or greater, animals ≤100 days in milk, high-producing animals, and cows with low milking speed had higher odds of RFTO. The average (least squares means (95% CI)) milk flow rates at the time of removal of the milking unit were 2.1 (2.0–2.1) kg/min in milking observations that were terminated with the forced retract and 1.5 (1.4–1.5) kg/min when milking units were removed with the automatic cluster remover. Future research to better understand the effect of RFTO on milk production, udder health, and animal well-being is warranted.

Laser Fluorescence and Extinction Methods for Measuring the Flow and Composition of Milk in a Milking Machine

Automation of milking systems is linked to accurate measurement of fluctuations in milk flow during milking. To assess the fluctuations of the milk flow, the formation and movement of milk portions in the milking machine-milk pipeline system was studied. By considering the movement of a milk plug along the milk pipeline, a hydraulic model of the formation of a critical volume of milk in the milking machine manifold was compiled. In practice, the most expedient way of determining milk flow parameters may be to measure the laser fluorescent and extinction responses of moving air-milk mixture. We have implemented a new laser sensing method for measuring the flow rate and composition of milk on the basis of counting the optical response pulses received from moving dispersed components by a CCD array or a randomized fiber optic bundle. Using the developed laser sensors, the theoretical model of milk flow was tested.

Machine Milkability of Dromedary Camels: Correlation between Udder Morphology and Milk Flow Traits

This study aims to measure mammary morphological traits with a functional influence on machine milking ability of Tunisian Camels (Camelus dromedarius) and their evolution according to the stage of lactation and parity. Udder and teat measurements were recorded before morning milking and associated with the measurement of milk emission kinetics parameters evaluated with Lactocorder® devices (WMB AG, Balgache, Switzerland) and observations. Three main teat shapes were recorded and their dimensions evolved with parity and stage of lactation. The milk flow curves were classified into three main types according to their maximum and average flow rates and they also evolve according to parity and stage of lactation. An average of 41% of the milk flow curves was bimodal. The correlations showed that some morphological traits were unfavorable to rapid milking and that these increase with parity. Therefore, this study provides the first elements for a morphological selection associated with an aptitude for mechanical milking which appears rather good in our dromedaries. Nevertheless, it will be necessary to monitor a possible negative evolution of the functional and anatomical traits of the udders during the career of the animals.

Morphometric Indicators and Functional Properties of the Udder of First-Calf Heifers of Different Genotypes

Приводятся результаты оценки развития вымени и его функциональных свойств у коров-первотёлок чёрно-пёстрой породы (Iгруппа), голштинов немецкой (II группа) и голландской (III группа) селекции и их помесей: ½ голштин немецкой селекции х ½ чёрно-пёстрая (IV группа), ½ голштин голландской селекции х ½ чёрно-пёстрая (Vгруппа). Установлено, что минимальными показателями вымени отличались коровы I группы, максимальными – IIи III групп, помеси IVи V групп, вследствие проявления эффекта скрещивания, занимали промежуточное положение. Так, коровы-первотёлки чёрно-пёстрой породы I группы уступали сверстницам II–V групп по ширине вымени на 0,72–1,90 см (2,65–7,01%, Р < 0,05), обхвату вымени – на 2,01–4,60 см (1,66–3,79%, Р < 0,05). Минимальной глубиной передних и задних долей вымени отличались коровы-первотёлки I группы. Они уступали сверстницам II–V групп по глубине передних долей вымени на 0,87–2,06 см (3,36–7,94%, Р < 0,05–0,01), задних долей – на 0,58–2,23 см (1,91–7,33%, Р < 0,05–0,01). При этом коровы-первотёлки IIи III групп превосходили сверстниц чёрно-пёстрой породы I группы по уровню удоя соответственно на 2,05 кг (11,60%, Р < 0,01) и 2,47 кг (13,97%, Р < 0,01), помесей IV и V групп – на 0,88 кг (5,03%, Р < 0,05) и 0,47 кг (2,44%, Р < 0,05), 1,58 кг (8,51%, Р < 0,01) и 0,89 кг (4,62%, Р < 0,05). Коровы-первотёлки II и III групп превосходили сверстниц других групп по интенсивности молокоотдачи от 0,02 кг/мин (1,07%, Р < 0,05) до 0,23 кг/мин (13,6%, Р < 0,01). Установлено лидирующее положение коров-первотёлок II и III групп по индексу вымени. Их преимущество над сверстницами I группы составляло соответственно 1,86% (Р < 0,05) и 2,18% (Р < 0,01), помесями IV группы – 0,70% (Р < 0,05) и 1,02% (Р < 0,05), помесями Vгруппы – 0,67% (Р < 0,05) и 0,99% (Р < 0,05). The assessment results of the development of the udder and its functional properties in first-calf heifers of the Black-and-White breed (first group), German Holstein (second group) and Dutch (third group) selection and their crossbreeds are given: ½ German Holstein x ½ Black-and-White (fourth group), ½ Holstein Dutch selection x ½ Black-and-White (fifth group). It was found that cows of the first group differed in the minimum indicators of the udder, the maximum – in the second and third groups, the crossbreeds of the fourth and fifth groups, due to the appearing of the crossing effect, occupied an intermediate position. So, first-calf heifers of the Black-and-White breed of the first group were inferior to their herdmates of the II–V groups in the width of the udder by 0.72–1.90 cm (2.65–7.01%, P < 0.05), the circumference of the udder – by 2.01–4.60 cm (1.66–3.79%, P < 0.05). First-calf heifers of the first group differed in the minimum depth of the front and back udder lobes. They were inferior to herdmates of groups II–V in the depth of front lobes of the udder by 0.87–2.06 cm (3.36–7.94%, P < 0.05–0.01), back lobes – by 0.58–2.23 cm (1.91–7.33%, P < 0.05–0.01). At the same time, first-calf heifers of the second and third groups were superior to the herdmates of the Black-and-White breed of the 1st group in terms of milk yield, respectively by 2.05 kg (11.60%, P < 0.01) and 2.47 kg (13.97%, P < 0.01), crossbreeds of groups IV and V – by 0.88 kg (5.03%, P < 0.05) and 0.47 kg (2.44%, P < 0.05), 1.58 kg (8.51%, P < 0.01) and 0.89 kg (4.62%, P < 0.05). First-calf heifers of second and third groups were superior to their herdmates in other groups in terms of milk flow intensity from 0.02 kg/min (1.07%, P < 0.05) to 0.23 kg/min (13.6%, P < 0.01). The leading position of first-calf heifers of second and third groups in terms of udder index has been established. Their advantage over their herdmates in the first group was, respectively, 1.86% (P < 0.05) and 2.18% (P < 0.01), for crossbreds of fourth group – 0.70% (P < 0.05) and 1.02% (P < 0.05), crossbreds of fifth group – 0.67% (P < 0.05) and 0.99% (P < 0.05).