‘What about the dads?’ Linking fathers and children in administrative data: A systematic scoping review

Research has shown that paternal involvement positively impacts on child health and development. We aimed to develop a conceptual model of dimensions of fatherhood, identify and categorise methods used for linking fathers with their children in administrative data, and map these methods onto the dimensions of fatherhood. We carried out a systematic scoping review to create a conceptual framework of paternal involvement and identify studies exploring the impact of paternal exposures on child health and development outcomes using administrative data. We identified four methods that have been used globally to link fathers and children in administrative data based on family or household identifiers using address data, identifiable information about the father on the child's birth registration, health claims data, and Personal Identification Numbers. We did not identify direct measures of paternal involvement but mapping linkage methods to the framework highlighted possible proxies. The addition of paternal National Health Service numbers to birth notifications presents a way forward in the advancement of fatherhood research using administrative data sources.

Phenotypic Disease Network Analysis to Identify Comorbidity Patterns in Hospitalized Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Using Large-Scale Administrative Data

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) exhibits elevated comorbidity. However, few studies have systematically analyzed the comorbid status of IHD patients with respect to the entire spectrum of chronic diseases. This study applied network analysis to provide a complete picture of physical and mental comorbidities in hospitalized patients with IHD using large-scale administrative data. Hospital discharge records from a provincial healthcare database of IHD inpatients (n = 1,035,338) and one-to-one matched controls were included in this retrospective analysis. We constructed the phenotypic disease networks in IHD and control patients and further assessed differences in comorbidity patterns. The community detection method was applied to cluster diagnoses within the comorbidity network. Age- and sex-specific patterns of IHD comorbidities were also analyzed. IHD inpatients showed 50% larger comorbid burden when compared to controls. The IHD comorbidity network consisted of 1941 significant associations between 71 chronic conditions. Notably, the more densely connected comorbidities in IHD patients were not within the highly prevalent ones but the rarely prevalent ones. Two highly interlinked communities were detected in the IHD comorbidity network, where one included hypertension with heart and multi-organ failures, and another included cerebrovascular diseases, cerebrovascular risk factors and anxiety. Males exhibited higher comorbid burden than females, and thus more complex comorbidity relationships were found in males. Sex-specific disease pairs were detected, e.g., 106 and 30 disease pairs separately dominated in males and females. Aging accounts for the majority of comorbid burden, and the complexity of the comorbidity network increased with age. The network-based approach improves our understanding of IHD-related comorbidities and enhances the integrated management of patients with IHD.

What Constitutes a New Nonprofit? Investigating Nonprofit Organizational Founding Dates

The question of when a new nonprofit is founded has not been pursued with sufficient precision. Specifically, a fundamental challenge facing any nonprofit researcher planning to detect, isolate, and analyze new nonprofits is that nonprofit founding is a process, not a discrete event. This study uses administrative data that includes three different founding indicators from more than 4,000 arts organizations, supplemented with survey data from 242 organizations, to illustrate some of the problems inherent in treating the founding process as one discrete event. It also elevates the voices of founders to demonstrate their conceptualization of the concept and offer insights into the multidimensionality of founding.

The impact of different data sources on the level and structure of income inequality

This paper aims to analyze the effect on measured inequality and its structure of using administrative data instead of survey data. Different analyses are carried out based on the Spanish Survey on Income and Living Conditions (ECV) that continued to ask households for their income despite assigning their income data as provided by the Tax Agency and the Social Security Administration. Our main finding is that the largest discrepancies between administrative and survey data are in the tails of the distribution. In addition to that, there are clear differences in the level and structure of inequality across data sources. These differences matter, and our results should be a wake-up call to interpret the results based on only one source of income data with caution.