Paper Chromatographic Separation of Plant Pigments a New Approach by using Akshya-Swagatika Solvent and Mobile Chromatogram Detection System (MCDS)

Chromatography is a term that refers to a group of laboratory techniques for separating mixtures. Chromatography works on the premise of solute partitioning between two phases or solvents. The technique of paper chromatography is commonly used to separate plant pigments based on their molecular weight. Plant pigments include chlorophyll-b, chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, and xanthophyll, which all have various molecular weights, colours, and absorption maxima. In this study, an attempt was made to see how a new solvent (Akshya-Swagatika solvent) can be used to separate plant pigments using paper chromatography, as well as a new detection method developed by us known as Mobile chromatogram detection system (MCDS) that can be used for compound identification and photographing. As shown in the table and photograph, pigments are separated by molecular weight and band colour, with carotenoid having the highest RF value and chlorophyll-b having the lowest. It was obvious that the Akshya-Swagatika solution could be used to separate plant pigments in paper chromatography. Photograph taken with a mobile chromatogram detection system that is much clearer than normal one. In developing countries, both solvent and detection systems are useful in explaining paper chromatography in a cost-effective manner. The MCDS detection system is cost-effective fast method which replaces traditional sophisticated detection procedures.

Proximate Analysis, Antoxidant Property and Cytotoxicity Assessment for Pseuderanthemum Reticulatum Leaves

The bioactive constituents derived from plants attract the attention of researchers due to their potential applications in the medicinal field. In this regard, the proximate analysis and the cytotoxicity study of the plant materials play an important role in the phytochemical research. In the present work, estimation of total ash, moisture content, fiber content, crude protein, and carbohydrate were carried out under proximate analysis and the antioxidant activity of the anthocyanin present in the plant material was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method. The separation of anthocyanin pigment from the plant material was done by paper chromatography (PC) technique and they are characterized by UV spectrum, chemical test and the Rf values obtained from paper chromatography. This study also investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity of Pseuderanthemum reticulatum leaves by means of MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide)) assay PBMC (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell). The results of the proximate analysis showed that the plant material contains 7.6% of moisture content, 16.6 % of total ash, 5.6% of crude protein, 23.0% of crude fiber, 3.82% of crude fat and 23.64 % of carbohydrate. The free radical scavenging ability of the separated anthocyanin was found to be 72.58% at 10 µg/mL. The cytotoxicity investigation showed that the aqueous extract possess the IC50 value of 161.5μg/mL. The High percentage of radical scavenging activity and low toxicity of the plant suggest that it can be extensively used for the investigation of the bioactive constituents and its applications.

Modeller i kjemiundervisning - et eksempel på hvordan de kan bidra til læring og feillæring

We discuss the use of analogical models in science education using examples from online learning resources. We have conducted a teaching program for a group of 7th grade pupils and a group of science teacher students, and the main theme of this program is the use of models in chemistry. Specifically, we study the effect of an analogical model that is designed to promote understanding of the properties of molecules, related to a paper chromatography experiment. Our research indicates that analogical models can be a useful tool to convey understanding of abstract concepts and non-visible phenomena, but they hold serious pitfalls that can lead to misunderstandings amongst students if not used in a proper manner. These findings are in line with other studies. Our data indicate that respondents` knowledge about molecular properties may have increased after participating in this teaching program. However, both groups of respondents consistently used wrong properties to explain the paper chromatography experiment. Conversation transcripts and respondents` models indicate that these misconceptions are enhanced by the analogical model they were given to work with during the teaching program. Based on our findings, we give some advice for how to best present analogies in the classroom.

Method for Determining the Radiochemical Purity of Radiopharmaceuticals Based on Iodine-125, Iodine-131 and Samarium-153-oxabifor

iopharmaceuticals used in medicine for diagnostics, treatment, and anesthesia in various diseases. Radionuclide 125I was obtained by irradiation with neutrons of the enriched isotope 124Хе in a nuclear reactor. 131I was isolated from irradiated samples of TeO2 enriched in 130Те, and radionuclide 153Sm was obtained by irradiation of samples 152Sm2O3 in a nuclear reactor. The radiochemical purity of sodium iodide preparations labeled with 125I or 131I radionuclides was determined by the electrophoretic method, and the samarium-153-oxabifor preparation was determined by ascending paper chromatography. To determine the distribution of the activity of 125I, 131I, and 153Sm-oxabiphor by electrophoregrams and chromatograms, a γ-radiometric device Ludlum-2200 was used, which makes it possible to determine the radiochemical purity at the level of 99.9%.

Optimization of Reaction Parameters for the Synthesis of 177Lu-DOTAELA

The article provides a comparison of the theoretically calculated and experimentally determined yield of the reaction 176Lu (n, �A)177Lu. Also, it provides the results of the studies on lutetium-177 labeling of a non-peptide antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) elagolix (ELA) associated with a chelating DOTA (DOTAELA). The synthesized DOTAELA complex was labeled with the 177Lu isotope.177Lu was produced by the reaction (n, �A) using the enriched LuCl3 target at the reactor WWR�CK. Production of 177Lu by the (n, �A) reaction from the enriched 176Lu target achieved by irradiation for 17 days. All stages of the complex preparation were evaluated by paper chromatography. The optimal technological parameters for the synthesis of the complex 177Lu-DOTAELA are: pH - 4.5, 90-100 �aC and 40 min. The obtained optimal parameters made it possible to produce a labeled complex of 177Lu�CDOTAELA with a radiochemical yield of �Y 95%.